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1.
One Earth ; 5(7): 756-766, 2022 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35898653

RESUMO

Extreme events, such as those caused by climate change, economic or geopolitical shocks, and pest or disease epidemics, threaten global food security. The complexity of causation, as well as the myriad ways that an event, or a sequence of events, creates cascading and systemic impacts, poses significant challenges to food systems research and policy alike. To identify priority food security risks and research opportunities, we asked experts from a range of fields and geographies to describe key threats to global food security over the next two decades and to suggest key research questions and gaps on this topic. Here, we present a prioritization of threats to global food security from extreme events, as well as emerging research questions that highlight the conceptual and practical challenges that exist in designing, adopting, and governing resilient food systems. We hope that these findings help in directing research funding and resources toward food system transformations needed to help society tackle major food system risks and food insecurity under extreme events.

2.
Sci Adv ; 7(12)2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33741585

RESUMO

Current food production and consumption trends are inconsistent with the Convention on Biological Diversity's 2050 vision of living in harmony with nature. Here, we examine how, and under what conditions, the post-2020 biodiversity framework can support transformative change in food systems. Our analysis of actions proposed in four science-policy fora reveals that subsidy reform, valuation, food waste reduction, sustainability standards, life cycle assessments, sustainable diets, mainstreaming biodiversity, and strengthening governance can support more sustainable food production and consumption. By considering barriers and opportunities of implementing these actions in Peru and the United Kingdom, we derive potential targets and indicators for the post-2020 biodiversity framework. For targets to support transformation, genuine political commitment, accountability and compliance, and wider enabling conditions and actions by diverse agents are needed to shift food systems onto a sustainable path.


Assuntos
Alimentos , Eliminação de Resíduos , Biodiversidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Dieta , Peru
3.
Nat Commun ; 10(1): 5474, 2019 12 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31792206

RESUMO

Abrupt land change, such as deforestation or agricultural intensification, is a key driver of biodiversity change. Following abrupt land change, local biodiversity often continues to be influenced through biotic lag effects. However, current understanding of how terrestrial biodiversity is impacted by past abrupt land changes is incomplete. Here we show that abrupt land change in the past continues to influence present species assemblages globally. We combine geographically and taxonomically broad data on local biodiversity with quantitative estimates of abrupt land change detected within time series of satellite imagery from 1982 to 2015. Species richness and abundance were 4.2% and 2% lower, respectively, and assemblage composition was altered at sites with an abrupt land change compared to unchanged sites, although impacts differed among taxonomic groups. Biodiversity recovered to levels comparable to unchanged sites after >10 years. Ignoring delayed impacts of abrupt land changes likely results in incomplete assessments of biodiversity change.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Ecossistema , Eucariotos/classificação , Plantas/classificação , Agricultura , Animais , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Humanos , Imagens de Satélites
4.
Nature ; 529(7584): 84-7, 2016 Jan 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26738594

RESUMO

In recent years, several extreme weather disasters have partially or completely damaged regional crop production. While detailed regional accounts of the effects of extreme weather disasters exist, the global scale effects of droughts, floods and extreme temperature on crop production are yet to be quantified. Here we estimate for the first time, to our knowledge, national cereal production losses across the globe resulting from reported extreme weather disasters during 1964-2007. We show that droughts and extreme heat significantly reduced national cereal production by 9-10%, whereas our analysis could not identify an effect from floods and extreme cold in the national data. Analysing the underlying processes, we find that production losses due to droughts were associated with a reduction in both harvested area and yields, whereas extreme heat mainly decreased cereal yields. Furthermore, the results highlight ~7% greater production damage from more recent droughts and 8-11% more damage in developed countries than in developing ones. Our findings may help to guide agricultural priorities in international disaster risk reduction and adaptation efforts.


Assuntos
Produção Agrícola/estatística & dados numéricos , Desastres/estatística & dados numéricos , Grão Comestível/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Grão Comestível/provisão & distribuição , Internacionalidade , Tempo (Meteorologia) , Mudança Climática/estatística & dados numéricos , Produção Agrícola/tendências , Secas/estatística & dados numéricos , Frio Extremo/efeitos adversos , Calor Extremo/efeitos adversos , Inundações/estatística & dados numéricos , Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gestão de Riscos , Fatores de Tempo , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento
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