RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Interest in oligometastatic prostate cancer has spiked due to the emergence of new evidence regarding more specific and accurate imaging, and the wider use of minimally invasive techniques. Nevertheless, the optimal management of this pathology is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: Assess the efficacy and safety of cytoreductive surgery in patients suffering from oligometastatic prostate cancer. EVIDENCE GATHERING: Systematic review of the scientific literature (01/01/2010-31/12/2021) within the MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Scopus, Spanish Healthcare Technology Assessment Agencies (AETS, Agencias de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias) and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. The keywords used were prostatectomy, prostatic neoplasm, radical prostatectomy; the free search terms were prostatectomy and oligometastatic prostate. The inclusion criteria comprised studies on patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer who had been operated on using radical cytoreductive prostatectomy. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The systematic review included 4 observational studies, 2 clinical trials, and 2 case series, of moderate quality. The results observed suggest that oligometastatic prostate cancer patients who had undergone cytoreductive prostate surgery obtained a benefit in terms of efficacy. Conversely, the majority of these studies showed a reduction in the number of localized complications, when compared to the best systemic treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreductive surgery in this group of patients is a safe procedure that reduces the incidence of localized complications and that presents promising results with regard to survival rates. To date, the lack of prospective trials limits the use of this therapeutic option to experimental environments.