[Justification of the need to normalize vitamin D status for immunoprophylaxis].

Currently, there is an increase in the resistance of microorganisms to the available arsenal of antimicrobial drugs, which makes it necessary to maintain and stimulate the body's own immune-protective properties. The main extraskeletal effect of vitamin D activity is associated with the homeostasis of the immune system. The role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of infection with infectious agents has been studied for a long time. Literature search on the effective use of vitamin D for immunoprophylaxis was carried out in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov databases over the past 10 years for related keywords: vitamin D, immunoprophylaxis. Vitamin D stimulates the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, cathelicidins and defensins, which exhibit broad-spectrum activity against viruses, bacteria and fungal infections; reduces the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines; increases the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D is also involved in cell differentiation, maturation and proliferation of immune cells. The article presents the literature review in order to justify additional intake of vitamin D in case of diagnosis of its deficiency and insufficiency for the purpose of immunoprophylaxis in children and adults, especially in risk groups (elderly age, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases of respiratory, endocrine and urinary systems, gastrointestinal tract, and infectious diseases). Inclusion of vitamin D in the diet as a dietary supplement, as well as fortification of products with it, can be an effective measure to reduce the risk of both morbidity and mortality, especially during the period of quarantine measures.

[Qualitative index of population health losses in the aral sea region].

The article is devoted to the approbation of the modification of the method of the presentation of indices of medical and social losses of the population on an example of environmentally unfavorable Aral Sea region in Kazakhstan. The first step in improvement of the system ofpublic health care is the identification of the most important problems related with the assessment of the disease burden and the adjustment of data of such type in accordance national aims on the decline of medical and social losses in this problem area. So far according to the criteria for the determination of the boundary of ecological catastrophe area one of the indices is the steady gain in the mortality rate. Using the index "Years of Life Lost" (YLL) in medical statistics as a relatively new approach that continues to be improved and its development supposes the improvement in the quality of health statistics. We modified this method consisting in the determination of the coefficient of loss of years. In the given work after comprehensive analysis of the loss of years due to morbidity and mortality on the base of life tables the potential of lost years for the population was determined with bearing in mind of module tables and compared with the loss in years due to the health loss. So far there was declined the dimension of the comprehensive index, there was elevated its comparability with other indices, and the data interpretation has been optimized. Suggested modification can be used for a comprehensive assessment of health state in the execution of epidemiological studies and monitoring of medical and social situation in ecologically unfavorable regions.

[Buccal epithelium reactivity in children].

The purpose of this study was the analysis of the buccal smears from 200 healthy children and children with chronic tonsillitis and chicken pox. The smears were stained using Pappenheim's method. The peculiarity of buccal mucosa cytograms of children of different ages was the significant increase in mature forms of the cells (presence of differentiation stage 5 and 6 cells) in adolescents. They also had a lower area of epitheliocytes at all the stages of differentiation and of their nuclei. In chronic tonsillitis and chicken pox, the complex of cytological changes was detected, that included the increase of the leukocyte number, changes in the proportions of epitheliocytes in cell population, augmentation of inflammation-destruction and destruction indexes.