Purification, Characterization, and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity of Portulaca elatior Leaf Lectin (PeLL).

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with several bioactivities, including antimicrobial properties. Portulaca elatior is a species found at Brazilian Caatinga and data on the biochemical composition of this plant are scarce. The present work describes the purification of P. elatior leaf lectin (PeLL) as well as the assessment of its antimicrobial activity and toxicity. PeLL, isolated by chromatography on a chitin column, had native liquid charge and subunit composition evaluated by electrophoresis. Hemagglutinating activity (HA) of PeLL was determined in the presence of carbohydrates or divalent cations, as well as after heating and incubation at different pH values. Changes in the lectin conformation were monitored by evaluating intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and using the extrinsic probe bis-ANS. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Pectobacterium strains and Candida species. The minimal inhibitory (MIC), bactericidal (MBC), and fungicidal (MFC) concentrations were determined. Finally, PeLL was evaluated for in vitro hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and in vivo acute toxicity in mice (5 and 10 mg/kg b.w. per os). PeLL (pI 5.4; 20 kDa) had its HA was inhibited by mannose, galactose, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. PeLL HA was resistant to heating at 100 °C, although conformational changes were detected. PeLL was more active in the acidic pH range, in which no conformational changes were observed. The lectin presented MIC and MBC of 0.185 and 0.74 µg/mL for all Pectobacterium strains, respectively; MIC of 1.48 µg/mL for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei; MIC and MFC of 0.74 and 2.96 µg/mL for C. parapsilosis. No hemolytic activity or signs of acute toxicity were observed in the mice. In conclusion, a new, low-toxic, and thermostable lectin was isolated from P. elatior leaves, being the first plant compound to show antibacterial activity against Pectobacterium.

Myracrodruon urundeuva leaf lectin damages exochorionic cells and binds to the serosal cuticle of Aedes aegypti eggs.

In recent years, lectins have been identified as alternative agents against Aedes aegypti during the aquatic phases of its life cycle. For example, chitin-binding lectin from Myracrodruon urundeuva leaf (MuLL) can function as a larvicide. In this study, we investigated whether MuLL can also act as an ovicide against this insect. Aedes aegypti eggs were incubated with MuLL for 72 h to determine the concentration at which the hatching rate reduces by 50% (EC50). The effects of MuLL on the egg surface structure were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the possible interaction of MuLL with the internal structures of eggs and embryos was investigated using MuLL-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate. MuLL acted as an ovicidal agent with an EC50 of 0.88 mg/mL. The SEM analysis revealed that eggs treated with MuLL for 24 and 48 h no longer had tubercles and did not show a well-defined exochorionic network. In addition, deformation and degeneration of the surface were observed after 72 h. Fluorescence microscopy showed that MuLL penetrated the eggs 48 h after incubation and was detected in the upper portion of the embryo's gut. After 72 h, MuLL was observed in the serosal cuticle and digestive tract. In conclusion, MuLL can function as an ovicidal agent against A. aegypti through damage to the surface and internal structures of the eggs.

A "Copa das Copas" uso político-ideológico do futebol em propaganda governamental / The "Cup of the Cups": political-ideological use of soccer in government advertisement

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar, por meio de estratégias textuais, como se deu o uso político-ideológico do futebol na propaganda do governo federal"Isso é ser brasileiro. Essa é a Copa das Copas", veiculada na mídia televisiva, em 2014.Para isso, utilizamos os pressupostos do Physical Cultural Studies. A análise evidenciou que o esporte foi utilizado pelo governo federal com fins político-ideológicos. Assim, identificamos o reforço ao sentimento de patriotismo, a presença de intencionalidades visando promover aceitação da realização da Copa do Mundo no Brasil e, relações intertextuais que visavam transmitir uma ideia positiva do governo petista, partido então no poder do Estado e que concorreria à reeleição em 2014.

The goal of the research was to analyze, through textual strategies, how the political-ideological use of football happened in the federal governmentadvertisement"This is to be Brazilian. This is theCup of the Cups", conveyed onthe television media in 2014. For this,was used the Physical Cultural Studies' assumptions. The analysis showed that the sport was used by the Federal Government with political-ideological purposes. Thus, wasidentified the reinforcement of the sense of patriotism, thepresence of intentionalities aimed at promoting the acceptationof the World Cup in Brazil and intertextual relations aimed at conveying a positive idea of the PT government, political party thatwas in thepower of the State and wouldbe competefor reelection in 2014.

Ovicidal lectins from Moringa oleifera and Myracrodruon urundeuva cause alterations in chorionic surface and penetrate the embryos of Aedes aegypti eggs.

BACKGROUND: Lectins from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL), Myracrodruon urundeuva bark (MuBL), and heartwood (MuHL) are larvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti; in addition, WSMoL is an ovicidal agent against this mosquito. In this work, we evaluated the ovicidal activity of MuBL and MuHL by determining the concentrations that reduce the hatching rates by 50% in 72 h (EC50 ). The effects of WSMoL, MuBL, and MuHL on the ultrastructure of the eggs' surface were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the ability of these lectins to penetrate the eggs was investigated by using conjugates of the lectins with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). RESULTS: MuBL and MuHL were ovicidal agents with EC50 of 0.26 and 0.80 mg/mL (260 and 800 ppm), respectively. SEM images of eggs treated with WSMoL for 24 h revealed discontinuity of the exochorionic network and the absence of the exochorionic cells and their tubercles. After 48 and 72 h of incubation, strong deformation and degeneration of egg surfaces were observed. In MuBL and MuHL-treated eggs, the presence of lumps on the surface of the eggs, disappearance of the exochorionic network and the decrease and deformation of tubercles were observed. Lastly, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the three lectins were able to enter the eggs and reach the digestive tract of the embryos. CONCLUSION: WSMoL, MuBL, and MuHL are ovicidal agents on A. aegypti that have differing efficiencies in terms of how they cause alterations in the chorionic surface and in terms of their ability to penetrate the eggs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Binding targets of termiticidal lectins from the bark and leaf of Myracrodruon urundeuva in the gut of Nasutitermes corniger workers.

BACKGROUND: Lectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins, from the bark (MuBL) and leaf (MuLL) of Myracrodruon urundeuva are termiticidal agents against Nasutitermes corniger workers and have been shown to induce oxidative stress and cell death in the midgut of these insects. In this study, we investigated the binding targets of MuBL and MuLL in the gut of N. corniger workers by determining the effects of these lectins on the activity of digestive enzymes. In addition, we used mass spectrometry to identify peptides from gut proteins that adsorbed to MuBL-Sepharose and MuLL-Sepharose columns. RESULTS: Exoglucanase activity was neutralized in the presence of MuBL and stimulated by MuLL. α-l-Arabinofuranosidase activity was not affected by MuBL but was inhibited by MuLL. Both lectins stimulated α-amylase activity and inhibited protease and trypsin-like activities. Peptides with homology to apolipophorin, trypsin-like enzyme, and ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were detected from proteins that adsorbed to MuBL-Sepharose, while peptides from proteins that bound to MuLL-Sepharose shared homology with apolipophorin. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that digestive enzymes and transport proteins found in worker guts can be recognized by MuBL and MuLL. Thus, the mechanism of their termiticidal activity may involve changes in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Liberdade: limites e possibilidades de uma experiência da clínica psicológica no complexo da maré / Freedom: limits and possibilities of experience psychological clinic in complexo da maré / Libertad: límites y posibilidades de experiencia clínica psicológica en complexo da maré

O trabalho pretende discutir a questão da liberdade enquanto abertura de sentido da existência, diante de limites e possibilidades para aqueles que chegam à clínica em uma comunidade, onde condições factuais de extrema violência e restrição vêm compor um horizonte de sentido. Dialogando com pensadores da chamada filosofia existencial, buscaremos pensar através da clínica, como a questão da liberdade se desvela, pois compreendemos que, cotidianamente, somos atravessados por tradições, costumes e referenciais de uma época. O mundo atual com a instauração da era técnica acarreta contínuos impactos aos modos de cuidado da clínica psicológica. Nossa relação com o mundo se dá em jogo lançados em um contexto impessoal que de início nos encontramos. Portanto, as narrativas compartilhadas na clínica proporcionam um olhar mais atento para as especificidades da experiência junto ao Complexo da Maré na cidade do Rio Janeiro. Ao propormos a questão da liberdade, apostamos na potência de reinvenção da existência, portanto, do fazer da clínica.

The present work intends to discuss the issue of liberty while opening of the meaning of existence, before limits and possibilities for those who arrive at the clinic in a community of the Maré Complex in Rio de Janeiro city; - where factual conditions of extreme violence and restriction, as to comprise a sense horizon. Dialoguing with thinkers of the so- called existential philosophy, we will seek to think through de clinic, how the question of liberty reveals itself, because we understand that, daily, were crossed by traditions, customs, and references of an era. The present world whith the establishment of the technical era, entail continuous impacts to de modes of care of the psychological clinic. Our relationship with the world, comes into play in an impersonal context which we first met. Therefore, the shared narratives in the clinic, provides a closer look at the specificities of the experience next to the community. When we propose the question of liberty, we bet on the power of reinventing the existence; therefore, to the making of the clinic.

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la cuestión de la libertad durante la apertura de sentido de la existencia, frente a los límites y posibilidades para aquellos que vienen a la clínica em una comunidad donde vienen las condiciones fácticas de violencia extrema y restricción compuesto por um horizonte de sentido. Al dialogar com pensadores de la filosofía existencial, buscamos pensar a através de la clínica, ya que la cuestión de la libertad se revela, porque entendemos que todo el cotidiano és atravesado por las tradiciones, las costumbres y las referencias a la vez. El mundo actual con la introducción de la técnica traz impactos continuos para los modos del cuydado de la psicología clínica. Nuestra relación con el mundo se produce en um juego y en un contexto impersonal que inicialmente se reunió. Por lo tanto, al compartir las narrativas de la experiencia del hacer clínico se proporciona una mirada más atenta a los detalhes de la experiencia con el Complexo da Maré, en Rio de Janeiro. Al proponer el tema de la libertad, apostamos por el poder de la reinvención de la existencia, por lo tanto, de hacer la clínica.

Marketing esportivo, cultura hip hop e consumo: uma análise da campanha "é possível" / Sports marketing, hip hop culture and consumption: an analysis of campaign / Marketing deportivo, cultura hip hop y consumo: un análisis de la campana "es posible"

Nosso objetivo foi analisar os discursos de uma campanha de marketing esportivo na internet. O corpus de análise foi composto por: a) informações sobre o projeto; b) o manifesto; c) o documentário; d) e 13 comentários de internautas. O método baseou-se na Análise de Discurso. O tema da campanha é a superação das dificuldades no esporte, na arte e na vida. Nós constatamos uma inter-relação entre os elementos culturais e econômicos, numa associação entre a cultura hip hop, o marketing esportivo e o consumo. Porém, os interlocutores produziram vários e divergentes tipos de resposta.

Our goal was to analyze the discourses of an online sports marketing campaign. The corpus of analysis consisted of: a) information about the project; b) the manifesto; c) the documentary; d) and 13 comments from internet users. The method was based on Discourse Analysis. The campaign’ focused on overcoming difficulties in sport, art and life. We found an interrelationship between cultural and economic elements, associating hip hop culture, sports marketing and consumption. However, interlocutors produced various and diverging types of responses.

Nuestro objetivo fue analizar los discursos de una campaña de marketing deportivo en Internet. El corpus de análisis consistió en: a) la información sobre el proyecto; b) el manifiesto; c) el documental; d) 13 comentarios de internautas. El método se basa en el Análisis del Discurso. El tema de la campaña es la superación de dificultades en el deporte, en el arte y en la vida. Encontramos una interrelación entre los elementos culturales y económicos, en una asociación entre la cultura hip hop, el marketing deportivo y el consumo. Sin embargo, los interlocutores produjeron diversos y divergentes tipos de respuesta.

Reflexões heideggerianas sobre técnica, liberdade e práticas psicológicas clínicas / Heidegger's reflections upon technique, freedom and psychological clinical practices / Reflexiones heideggerianas sobre técnica, libertad y prácticas clínicas psicológicas

Tomaremos a questão da liberdade no pensamento de Martin Heidegger como fio condutor de nossas considerações. Apresentaremos, num primeiro momento, a reflexão acerca da técnica moderna e da liberdade para, posteriormente, realizar sua articulação com o contexto das práticas clínicas psicológicas de orientação fenomenológico-existencial. Pretendemos, assim, promover um distanciamento crítico concernente às tendências cientificistas e tecnicistas da psicologia clínica no contemporâneo, fomentando outra forma de compreender e experimentar a dinâmica dos encontros psicoterapêuticos para além de sua absorção inicial no horizonte da técnica moderna, uma vez que a essência do existir humano será considerada ao modo do poder-ser, abertura de sentido e liberdade.

We will take Martin Heidegger's thoughts on freedom as the guiding principle for our considerations. Initially, we will present the reflection upon modern technique and freedom to, subsequently, articulate both concepts with the context of psychological clinical practices of phenomenological-existential nature. We intend, therefore, to promote a critical distance concerning the contemporary scientific and technical tendencies of clinical psychology. The purpose is to stimulate another way of understanding and experiencing the dynamic of psychotherapeutic encounters beyond its initial conception, immersed in modern technique. We think that this approach will be able to grasp the essence of human existence by taking into account ontological concepts such as being-there, world disclosure and freedom.

Tomamos el tema de la libertad en el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger como el hilo conductor de nuestras consideraciones. Presentamos, en primer lugar, la reflexión acerca de la técnica moderna y la libertad para, posteriormente, realizar su articulación con el contexto de las prácticas clínicas psicológicas de orientación fenomenológico-existencial. Tenemos la intención, así, de promover una distancia crítica acerca de las tendencias científicas y tecnológicas de la Psicología clínica contemporáneamente, fomentando otra forma de comprender y experimentar la dinámica de los encuentros terapéuticos más allá de su absorción inicial en el horizonte de la tecnología moderna, una vez que la esencia de la existencia humana se piensa a la manera del poder ser, apertura y libertad.

Digestive enzymes from workers and soldiers of termite Nasutitermes corniger.

The digestive apparatus of termites may have several biotechnological applications, as well as being a target for pest control. This report discusses the detection of cellulases (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and ß-glucosidase), hemicellulases (ß-xylosidase, α-l-arabinofuranosidase, and ß-d-xylanase), α-amylase, and proteases (trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and keratinase-type) in gut extracts from Nasutitermes corniger workers and soldiers. Additionally, the effects of pH (3.0-11.0) and temperature (30-100°C) on enzyme activities were evaluated. All enzymes investigated were detected in the gut extracts of worker and soldier termites. Endoglucanase and ß-xylanase were the main cellulase and hemicellulase, respectively. Zymography for proteases of worker extracts revealed polypeptides of 22, 30, and 43kDa that hydrolyzed casein, and assays using protease inhibitors showed that serine proteases were the main proteases in worker and soldier guts. The determined enzyme activities and their response to different pH and temperature values revealed that workers and soldiers contained a distinct digestive apparatus. The ability of these termites to efficiently digest the main components of lignocellulosic materials stimulates the purification of gut enzymes. Further investigation into their biotechnological potential as well as whether the enzymes detected are produced by the termites or by their symbionts is needed.

A existência como "cuidado": elaborações fenomenológicas sobre a psicoterapia na contemporaneidade / The existence as "care": phenomenological elaborations on psychotherapy in contemporaneity / La Existencia como "cuidado": elaboraciones fenomenológicas cerca de la psicoterapia en contemporáneo

Este trabalho aborda algumas noções existenciais elaboradas por Heidegger em sua Analítica da Existência, enfatizando o existencial "cuidado" e suas possíveis repercussões para a psicoterapia na contemporaneidade. Utilizamos as obras Ser e tempo e Seminários de Zollikon, especialmente, na parte intitulada "Diálogos com Medard Boss". Fenomenologicamente, a clínica se interessa pelos sentidos que o homem investe em sua existência cotidiana. Nessas experiências cotidianas, os exercícios de estranhar e de meditar sobre os sentidos das relações são raros, contudo, a experiência de adoecimento psíquico convoca a reflexão sobre a existência. Em uma clínica de inspiração fenomenológico-existencial, essa reflexão pode ser norteada pelos constituintes ontológicos da existência, "cuidado" e "liberdade". Heidegger afirma que o homem é "cuidado", porque ele "cuida" ontologicamente de si mesmo e dos outros entes, deixando-os aparecer. Embora, a existência seja, essencialmente, liberdade, cotidianamente parecemos distraídos quanto ao nosso poder-ser próprio e vulneráveis às crenças impessoais e às objetivações. A compreensão da co-pertinência entre homem e mundo e da existência como cuidado, naquele sentido ontológico, implica uma transformação do olhar, revertendo preocupações técnicas de eficácia na solução de sintomas para o plano da ética a das possibilidades de singularização existencial...

This paper addresses some existential notions elaborated by Heidegger in his Analytic of Existence, emphasizing the existential "care" and its possible implications for psychotherapeutic nowadays. We use the work Being and Time and Zollikon Seminars, especially the section entitled "Conversations with Medard Boss." Phenomenologically, a clinic is interested in the senses invested by man in his everyday existence. In these everyday experiences, exercises of surprising and meditation on the meanings of relationships are rare, however, the experience of mental illness invites reflection on existence. In a clinical of existential-phenomenological inspiration, this reflection may be guided by the ontological constituents "care" and "freedom." Heidegger says that man is "care" because he "cares" ontologically about himself and the other beings, making them appear. Although, we are essentially free, daily we seem distracted to our own "potentiality-for-being", and be vulnerable to the beliefs and impersonal thoughts. Understanding the correlativeness between man, world and existence as care in that ontological sense, involves transforming the look, reversing technical concerns and effectiveness in resolving symptoms to the plane of the ethics and existential singling possibilities...

En este trabajo se abordan algunas nociones existenciales elaboradas por Heidegger en su Analítica de la Existencia, haciendo hincapié en el "cuidado" existencial y sus posibles implicaciones para la psicoterapia en la época contemporánea. Utilizamos las obras Ser y tiempo y Seminarios Zollikoner, sobre todo en la parte titulada "Diálogos con Medard Boss". Fenomenológicamente, la clínica está interesada en la forma en que el hombre invierte en su existencia cotidiana. En estas experiencias cotidianas, los ejercicios de sorprender y meditar sobre el significado de las relaciones son poco frecuentes, sin embargo, la experiencia de la enfermedad mental convoca reflexión sobre la existencia. En una clínica de inspiración fenomenológico-existencial, esta reflexión puede ser guiada por los mandantes ontológico de la existencia, "cuidado" y "libertad". Heidegger afirma que el hombre es "cuidado", porque "cuida" ontológicamente de sí mismo y de los otros seres, haciendo que aparezcan. Aunque, nosotros seamos esencialmente libre, parecemos distraído diario com nuestro propio "poder-ser", siendo vulnerables a las creencias y las objetivaciones impersonales. Comprender la co-relación entre el hombre, el mundo y la existencia como cuidado en el sentido ontológico, implica una transformación de la mirada, la inversión de las preocupaciones técnicas de eficacia en la resolución de los síntomas hasta el plano de la ética y de las posibilidades para la singularidad existencial...

Arte e mundo: diálogos entre Heidegger e Castaneda / Art and world: dialogues between Heidegger and Castaneda / Arte y mundo: diálogos entre Heidegger y Castaneda

Propomos pensar possibilidades de experiência de mundo a partir da articulação entre obra de arte, na concepção do filósofo Martin Heidegger em "A Origem da Obra de Arte", e parar o mundo, idéia exposta pelo antropólogo Carlos Castaneda. Segundo Heidegger, ser obra de arteé instalar um mundo, deixar em aberto o aberto do mundo: abertura de sentido. Para o filósofo, o homem é o ente cujo ser está sempre em jogo na sua existência. "Parar o mundo" é um ensinamento do índio Don Juan a Castaneda. Ele precisa parar o mundo, desmoronar seu conceito de mundo para conseguir ver o mundo desprendido do consenso social. Os autores discorrem sobre realidades plásticas, mundos que existem a partir de experiências, formas de Ec-xistir e transitar entre mundos se mantendo na abertura do ser. Não objetivamos equivaler idéias, buscamos abrir um espaço para pensar acerca da existência do homem. Como recurso metodológico, destacamos passagens da obra de Castaneda e buscamos caminhos junto às idéias de Heidegger que nos auxiliem a elaborar um horizonte de diálogo...

We propose to consider possibilities of world experience from the relationship between work of art, an idea developed by the philosopher Martin Heidegger in "The Origin of the Work of Art" and stop the world, an idea expounded by the anthropologist Carlos Castaneda. According to Heidegger, being a work of art is to install a world, leave open the opening of the world: opening of sense. For the philosopher, man is the being whose being is always at stake in its existence. "Stop the world," is what speaks the Indian Don Juan to Castaneda. He needs to stop the world, collapsing his concept of world in order to see the world detached from social consensus. The authors discuss plastic realities, worlds that are based on experiences, forms of Existence and sometimes appearing to move between worlds and keeping the opening of Being. We do not aim to equate ideas, we open a space to think about the existence of man. As a methodological resource, we discusses highlighted passages of Castaneda's work and seek ways to the ideas of Heidegger which help us to elaborate a common horizon of dialog...

Nos proponemos estudiar las posibilidades de experiencia de mundo. Partindo de la relación entre obra de arte, una idea desarrollada por el filósofo Martin Heidegger en "El origen de la obra de arte" y detener el mundo, una idea expuesta por el antropólogo Carlos Castaneda. Según Heidegger, ser obra es la instalación de un mundo, mantener abierto el abierto del mundo: el sentido abierto. Para el filósofo, el hombre es el ser cuyo ser está siempre en juego en su existencia. "Detener el mundo," es lo que propone el indio Don Juan a Castaneda. Él tiene que detener el mundo, deshaciendo su concepto del mundo para que pueda ver el mundo separado del consenso social. Los autores hablan de realidades plásticas, de mundos que se basan en las experiéncias, de formas del Existir y permaneciendo en la apertura del ser. La intención no es lo apunte a igualar las ideas, pero abrimos un espacio para pensar en la existencia del hombre. Como método, utilizamos fragmentos de la obra de Castaneda junto de las ideas de Heidegger...

Effect of Myracrodruon urundeuva leaf lectin on survival and digestive enzymes of Aedes aegypti larvae.

Aedes aegypti transmits the viruses that cause yellow and dengue fevers. Vector control is essential, since a vaccine for dengue has not as yet been made available. This work reports on the larvicidal activity of Myracrodruon urundeuva leaf lectin (MuLL) against A. aegypti fourth-stage larvae (L(4)). Also, the resistance of MuLL to digestion by L(4) gut proteases and the effects of MuLL on protease, trypsin-like and α-amylase activities from L(4) gut were evaluated to determine if lectin remains active in A. aegypti gut and if insect enzyme activities can be modulated by MuLL. MuLL promoted mortality of L(4) with LC(50) of 0.202 mg/ml. Haemagglutinating activity of MuLL was detected even after incubation for 96 h with L(4) gut preparation containing protease activity. MuLL affected the activity of gut enzymes, inhibiting protease and trypsin activities and stimulating α-amylase activity. The results suggest that MuLL may become a new biodegradable larvicidal agent for dengue control. Larvicidal activity of MuLL may be linked to its resistance to proteolysis by larval enzymes and interference in the activity of digestive larval enzymes.

A noção fenomenológica de existência e as práticas psicológicas clínicas / The phenomenological notion of existence and psychological clinical practices

Este artigo apresenta o modo de ser do homem como "existência", tal como elaborado por Heidegger em "Ser e Tempo", como uma das contribuições mais fundamentais da fenomenologia para a psicologia clínica. A noção de "existência", também relacionada às de "ser-aí "(Dasein) e "ser-no-mundo", é compreendida como abertura originária ao ser dos entes, como pré-compreensão do ser enquanto tal, vinculada à condição de "estar-lançada "em uma facticidade temporal. Entende-se que a noção heideggeriana de "existência "demarca uma atitude clínica nitidamente diferenciada e oferece novas possibilidades de tematização dos fenômenos psicológicos e da prática clínica. As práticas psicológicas clínicas de perspectiva fenomenológica existencial, ao tomarem a experiência de si e do outro como "ser-no-mundo-com", apresentam-se como espaços de cuidado/desvelamento dessas possibilidades de "ser-com "e não de um sujeito intrapsíquico.

This essay presents man's way of being as "existence", as formulated by Martin Heidegger in Being and Time, as one of the most fundamental contributions of Phenomenology to Clinical Psychology. The notion of "existence", also related to "being-there "(Dasein) and "being-in-theworld", is understood as the origin of the essence of beings, i.e., a pre-understanding of being itself, linked to the human condition of ´beingthrown´ into a temporal facticity. It is understood that the heideggerian notion of "existence "defines a clearly distinctive clinical attitude and presents new possibilities for thematizing psychological phenomena and clinical practices. Psychological practices of a phenomenological and existential perspective assume the experience of self and others as an experience of "being-in-the-world-with". In this way, they should be understood as spaces for taking care of those possibilities of "being-with "rather than taking care of an intrapsychic subject.

Uso da radiofrequência bipolar para o tratamento da fibrilação atrial durante cirurgia cardíaca / Use of bipolar radiofrequency for the treatment of atrial fibrillation during cardiac surgery / Uso de la radiofrecuencia bipolar para el tratamiento de la fibrilación atrial durante cirugía cardíaca

FUNDAMENTO: O tratamento da fibrilação atrial com dispositivo de ablação de tecidos por radiofrequência bipolar em concomitância à cirurgia cardíaca tem se mostrado método eficaz no tratamento desta arritmia. OBJETIVO: Descrever a experiência inicial do Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia no tratamento cirúrgico da fibrilação atrial com uso de dispositivo de radiofrequência bipolar em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca, relatando o resultado de acompanhamento pós-operatório de um ano. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 2008 e março de 2009, 47 pacientes (36 mulheres) consecutivos, com idade média de 53,7 ± 10,6 anos, apresentando fibrilação atrial por um período médio de 34,6 meses (3 a 192 meses) foram submetidos à ablação cirúrgica desta arritmia, por radiofrequência bipolar, durante o procedimento que motivou a indicação da cirurgia. Oito apresentavam fibrilação atrial intermitente e 39, contínua. Oitenta e um por cento foram submetidos à cirurgia valvar como procedimento principal. Esta é uma análise retrospectiva, observacional, com avaliação de um ano de pós-operatório das variáveis clínicas e de Holter 24 h. RESULTADOS: Dos 47 pacientes, 40 sobreviveram um ano. Desses, 33 foram submetidos a Holter 24 h, em um intervalo médio de 401 dias após a cirurgia. Encontrou-se a seguinte distribuição de ritmos: 24 (73 por cento) sinusal, 5 (15 por cento) fibrilação atrial, três (9 por cento) Flutter atrial e um (3 por cento) ritmo juncional. Foram observados dois acidentes vasculares encefálicos, sendo um associado à arritmia supraventricular. CONCLUSÃO: A ablação cirúrgica de fibrilação atrial com dispositivo de radiofrequência bipolar concomitante à cirurgia cardíaca é método eficaz para o tratamento desta arritmia.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation with tissue ablation device through bipolar radiofrequency in conjunction with cardiac surgery has proven to be an effective method to treat this arrhythmia. OBJECTIVE: Describe the initial experience of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation using bipolar radiofrequency device in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, reporting the results of postoperative follow-up of one year. METHODS: Between January 2008 and March 2009, 47 consecutive patients (36 women), with mean age of 53.7 ± 10.6 years, with atrial fibrillation for a mean period of 34.6 months (3-192 months) underwent surgical ablation of this arrhythmia, through bipolar radiofrequency during the procedure which led to the indication of surgery. Eight of them showed intermittent atrial fibrillation and 39, continued. Eighty-one percent underwent valve surgery as the main procedure. This is a one-year postoperative retrospective, observational evaluation of clinical variables and 24-h Holter. RESULTS: Out of the 47 patients, 40 survived one year. Out of these, 33 underwent 24 h Holter, at an average interval of 401 days after the surgery. The following rhythm distribution was found: 24 (73.0 percent) sinus, five (15.0 percent) atrial fibrillation, three (9.0 percent) atrial Flutter and one (3.0 percent) junctional rhythm. Two cerebrovascular accidents were observed, one of which was associated with supraventricular arrhythmia. CONCLUSION: Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with bipolar radiofrequency device concomitant with cardiac surgery is an effective method for treating this arrhythmia.

FUNDAMENTO: El tratamiento de la fibrilación atrial con dispositivo de ablación de tejidos por radiofrecuencia bipolar en concomitancia con la cirugía cardíaca se muestra un método eficaz en el tratamiento de esta arritmia. OBJETIVO: Describir la experiencia inicial del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la fibrilación atrial con uso de dispositivo de radiofrecuencia bipolar en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca, relatando el resultado de seguimiento postoperatorio de un año. MÉTODOS: Entre enero de 2008 y marzo de 2009, 47 pacientes (36 mujeres) consecutivos, con edad promedio de 53,7 ± 10,6 años, presentando fibrilación atrial por un período promedio de 34,6 meses (3 a 192 meses) fueron sometidos a ablación quirúrgica de esta arritmia, por radiofrecuencia bipolar, durante el procedimiento que motivó la indicación de la cirugía. Ocho presentaban fibrilación atrial intermitente y 39, continua. El 81 por ciento fue sometido a cirugía valvular como procedimiento principal. Éste es un análisis retrospectivo, observacional, con evaluación de un año de postoperatorio de las variables clínicas y de Holter 24 h. RESULTADOS: De los 47 pacientes, 40 sobrevivieron un año. De ellos, 33 fueron sometidos a Holter 24 h, en un intervalo promedio de 401 días después de la cirugía. Se encontró la siguiente distribución de ritmos: 24 (73 por ciento) sinusal, 5 (15 por ciento) fibrilación atrial, tres (9 por ciento) flutter atrial y un (3 por ciento) ritmo de la unión. Se observaron dos accidentes vasculares encefálicos, siendo uno asociado a la arritmia supraventricular. CONCLUSIÓN: La ablación quirúrgica de fibrilación atrial con dispositivo de radiofrecuencia bipolar concomitante a la cirugía cardíaca es método eficaz para el tratamiento de esta arritmia.

Use of bipolar radiofrequency for the treatment of atrial fibrillation during cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation with tissue ablation device through bipolar radiofrequency in conjunction with cardiac surgery has proven to be an effective method to treat this arrhythmia. OBJECTIVE: Describe the initial experience of the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation using bipolar radiofrequency device in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, reporting the results of postoperative follow-up of one year. METHODS: Between January 2008 and March 2009, 47 consecutive patients (36 women), with mean age of 53.7 ± 10.6 years, with atrial fibrillation for a mean period of 34.6 months (3-192 months) underwent surgical ablation of this arrhythmia, through bipolar radiofrequency during the procedure which led to the indication of surgery. Eight of them showed intermittent atrial fibrillation and 39, continued. Eighty-one percent underwent valve surgery as the main procedure. This is a one-year postoperative retrospective, observational evaluation of clinical variables and 24-h Holter. RESULTS: Out of the 47 patients, 40 survived one year. Out of these, 33 underwent 24 h Holter, at an average interval of 401 days after the surgery. The following rhythm distribution was found: 24 (73.0%) sinus, five (15.0%) atrial fibrillation, three (9.0%) atrial Flutter and one (3.0%) junctional rhythm. Two cerebrovascular accidents were observed, one of which was associated with supraventricular arrhythmia. CONCLUSION: Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with bipolar radiofrequency device concomitant with cardiac surgery is an effective method for treating this arrhythmia.

Reflexões fenomenológicas sobre a experiência de estágio e supervisão clínica em um serviço de psicologia aplicada universitário / Reflexiones fenomenológicas sobre la experiencia de la formación y supervisión clínica en un spa de la universidad / Phenomenological reflections on the experience of training and clinical supervision in an applied psychology service within an university

O presente trabalho propõe uma reflexão acerca de dificuldades específicas da formação clínica pela perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial. Observamos que, no âmbito do estágio curricular em psicologia clínica na perspectiva fenomenológico- existencial, algumas dificuldades emergem devido à inadequação da bagagem de representações teóricas recém adquiridas no curso e o tipo de atitude compreensiva que somos convidados a exercitar. É como se a atitude natural cotidiana de objetivar e cristalizar os sentidos da existência e das experiências de sofrimento ganhasse, com as representações teóricas, um reforço, dificultando ainda mais a atitude fenomenológica de suspensão. Há a suposição de que o lugar do psicoterapeuta apenas pode ser legitimado a partir de um saber positivo sobre a vida psíquica e, consequentemente, pela detenção de técnicas eficazes de intervenção. A experiência como alunos e supervisor de estágio em psicologia clínica na abordagem fenomenológico- existencial do curso de psicologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, indica que esses momentos de impasse, em que se instala uma “crise” de paradigmas teóricos e identidades profissionais, são essenciais para um redimensionamento do lugar das teorias e técnicas psicológicas nas práticas de cuidado clínico sob a luz de uma compreensão propriamente fenomenológica da existência...

This work proposes a reflection on the specific difficulties of clinical training for the existential-phenomenological perspective. We observed that in the training curriculum in clinical psychology in existential-phenomenological perspective, some difficulties arise due to the inadequacy of the theoretical baggage of newly acquired representations in the course and the kind of comprehensive approach that we are asked to exercise. It is as if the natural attitude of everyday objectifies and crystallizes the meaning of existence and experience of suffering, gaining a reinforcement with the theoretical representations, further blurring the phenomenological attitude of suspension. There is the assumption that the place of psychotherapyst can only be legitimized from a positive knowledge about mental life and, consequently, the attainment of effective techniques for intervention. The experience as students and supervisor training in clinical psychology in addressing the existential-phenomenological psychology course of Fluminense Federal University, shows that these moments of impasse, which installs a “crisis” of theoretical paradigms and professional identities are essential for a redefinition of the role of psychological theories and techniques in the practices of clinical care in the light of a proper understanding of the phenomenological existence...

El presente estudio propone una reflexión sobre las dificultades específicas de la formación clínica por la perspectiva fenomenológica-existencial. Observamos que, en el ámbito de la pasantía en psicología clínica con perspectiva fenomenológico- existencial, surgen algunas dificultades debido a la inadecuación de la apoyatura de representaciones teóricas recientemente adquiridas en el curso y el tipo de actitud comprensiva que se nos invita a ejercitar. Es como si la actitud natural de la vida cotidiana de objetivar y cristalizar los sentidos de la existencia y de las experiencias de sufrimiento obtuviera, con las representaciones teóricas, un refuerzo, dificultando aún más la actitud fenomenológica de suspensión. Existe la suposición de que el lugar del psicoterapeuta sólo puede ser legitimado a partir de un conocimiento positivo acerca de la vida psíquica y, en consecuencia, por la aprehensión de técnicas eficaces de intervención. La experiencia como estudiante y supervisor de pasantía en psicología clínica con mirada fenomenológico-existencial del curso de psicología de la Universidad Federal Fluminense, muestra que esos momentos de impasse, donde se instala una “crisis” de paradigmas teóricos y de identidades profesionales, son esenciales para una redefinición del lugar de las teorías y técnicas psicológicas en las prácticas de atención clínica a la luz de una comprensión propiamente fenomenológica de la existencia...

Eletrocardiograna na doença de Ebstein / Electrocardiogram in Ebstein disease

A anomalia de Ebstein é uma cardiopatia congênita rara, ocorrendo em ~1:200.000 nascidos vivos e correspondendo a <1 por cento de todas as causas de cardiopatia congênita. Constitui uma malformação da valva tricúspide e do ventrículo direito, caracterizada principalmente pelo deslocamento apical da valva tricúspide, dilatação da porção atrializada do ventrículo direito com variados graus de hipertrofia e afilamento da parede, além de dilatação da junção atrioventricular direita (annulus tricuspideo). Dois terços dos corações com anomalia de Ebstein mostram o venrículo direito diltado e o eletrocardiograma (ECG) normal na maioria dos pacientes. Pode demonstrar ondas P altas e largas como resultado do crescimento atrial direito, bem como bloqueio de ramo direito completo ou incompleto. A onda R nas derivações V1 e V2 são pequenas. Morfologias bizarras da porção terminal do QRS resultam do distúrbio de condução infra-Hissiana e da ativação anormal do ventrículo direito atrializado.

Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease occurring in ~1:200,000 live births and accounting for <1% of all causes of congenital heart disease. It isa malformation of the tricuspid valve and the right ventricle characterized mainly by the downward (apical) displacement of the tricuspid valve, dilation of the atrialized portion of the right ventricle with various degrees of wall thinning and hypertrophy, and dilation of the right atrioventricular junction (true tricuspid annulus) Two thirds of hearts with Ebstein’s anomaly show dilated right ventricles. The ECG is abnormal in most patients with Ebstein’s anomaly and may display tall broad P waves as a result of right atrial enlargement, as well as complete or incomplete right bundle branch blocks. The R waves in lead V1and V2 are small. Bizarre morphologies of the terminal QRS pattern result from infra-Hisian conduction disturbances and abnormal activation of the atrializedright ventricle.

Remodelamento reverso do átrio esquerdo após ablação de fibrilação atrial / Left atrial reverse remodeling after atrial fibrillation ablation

Fundamentos: Durante o curso clínico da fibrilação atrial (FA) ocorre remodelamento mecânico com dilatação progressiva do átrio esquerdo (AE). A ablação com radiofrequência (RF) tem sido indicada em pacientes (pts) refratários ao tratamento clínico e o remodelamento reverso (RR) tem sido observado no seguimento. Objetivos: Avaliar a ocorrência de RR no AE em pacientes submetidos à ablação de FA e correlacionar com a recorrência precoce. Métodos: Por análise retrospectiva, foram analisados os prontuários de 41 pacientes com idade média de 59,4 + - 9,3 anos estratificados em dois grupos: FA paroxística (PX21 pts)e FA persistente (PE 20 pts), que foram submetidos à ablação por RF no período de fev 2005 a nov 2006. Os pacientes foram submetidos à angiorresonância (ARNM) e AE e veias pulmonares pré-procedimento, aos 30 dias e aos 90 dias após. A recorrência foi avaliada...

Videothoracoscopy for isolated atrial fibrillation ablation through bipolar radiofrequency.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation, expenses with the healthcare system and the associated high morbidity and mortality have justified the search for new therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility of the surgical technique, its safety and the initial outcome of the video-assisted surgery for the isolated atrial fibrillation ablation with bipolar radiofrequency. METHODS: Ten patients (90% men) with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (50% paroxystic type) that was refractory to drug therapy, with no heart disease that required concomitant surgical treatment, were submitted to arrhythmia ablation guided by thoracoscopy from May 2007 to May 2008. Clinical, laboratory and image variables were prospectively collected before, during surgery and at the postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: The surgery was carried out as planned in all patients. There was no intra-thoracic structure iatrogenic lesion or deaths. At the mean 6-month follow-up, 80% of the patients were free of atrial fibrillation. There was a significant improvement in the symptoms of New York Heart Association Functional Class heart failure (2.4 + or - 0.5 to 1.6 + or - 0.7; p = 0.011). There was no evidence of pulmonary vein stenosis at the angiotomography in this series. CONCLUSION: The video-assisted surgery for the treatment of atrial fibrillation is reproducible and safe. There is a heart failure symptom evolution improvement after the surgery.