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ABSTRACT: Cardiel-Sánchez, S, Rubio-Peirotén, A, Molina-Molina, A, García-Cebadera Gómez, C, Almenar-Arasanz, A, Ráfales-Perucha, A, Roche-Seruendo, LE, and Cartón-Llorente, A. Effects of plyometric training on running biomechanics and jumping ability of U14 athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Children under the age of 14 years (U14) are particularly susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders because of growth spurts. Plyometric training has been shown to be beneficial for both injury reduction and performance enhancement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric training on the jumping ability and running biomechanics of U14 track-and-field athletes. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Thirty-five (18 female and 17 male) U14 athletes (age: 12.5 ± 1.2 years; height: 152.3 ± 7.7 cm; body mass: 47.3 ± 6.9 kg) were randomized into experimental and control groups. All subjects completed their usual training for 4 weeks, and those in the intervention group added a low-volume plyometric program twice a week. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included a countermovement jump (CMJ) to determine maximum jump height, 10-second repeated jumps to assess reactive strength index (RSI), and a 3-minute run at 12 km·h-1 to analyze running kinematics contact time, flight time, step length (SL), step frequency (SF), mean power output, vertical spring stiffness, and leg spring stiffness (LSS). The results revealed no main effect of time for any of the variables. A group-by-time interaction was found for RSI (p = 0.045) in the intervention group, whereas a significant increase in LSS was also found after the intervention (p = 0.031). However, no changes in CMJ height or other running parameters were observed. The significance level for the study was set at ρ ≤ 0.05. Plyometric-jump training may improve the stretch-shortening cycle in U14 athletes by increasing RSI and LSS. Athletes and coaches in running-related sports should be aware of these short-term effects when aiming to optimize the energy storage and release mechanism.
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OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with multidrug resistance (MDR; confirmed resistance to three or more [or resistance to two or more plus contraindication to one or more] core ART classes) and limited treatment options (LTOs) in Spain. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional chart review study undertaken in five reference Spanish centres. Participants were people with HIV on ART with MDR and LTOs (detectable viral load [HIV-RNA >200 copies/mL], treatment-limiting drug-drug interaction [DDI], or intolerance precluding the use of one or more ART classes). Prevalence, demographic/clinical characteristics, and treatment options were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify MDR-associated variables. RESULTS: Of 14 955 screened people with HIV, 69 (0.46%) presented with MDR and 23 (0.15%) had LTOs. The population analysed was 73.9% male with a median age of 54.0 years; the median time since HIV diagnosis was 26.5 years, and median CD4+ cell count was 511.0 cells/µL. The only factor significantly associated with MDR (univariate analysis) was CD4+ cell count. Injection drug use was the most common transmission route. Comorbidities (mainly endocrine and cardiovascular disorders; 34.8% affecting HIV management) and concomitant treatments were frequent. No recent opportunistic infections were reported. Patients had been exposed to the following ART: nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (100%), protease inhibitors (95.6%), non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (87.0%), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (82.6%). The available fully active drugs were dolutegravir (39.1%), bictegravir (30.4%), and raltegravir (21.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of people with HIV with MDR and LTOs in Spain is very low, with approximately half of those studied not exhibiting virological suppression. Low CD4+ cell counts were associated with MDR. These findings may help address the impact and treatment needs of these patients and prevent clinical progression and transmission of MDR HIV.
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Farmacorresistência Viral Múltipla , Infecções por HIV , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Carga Viral , Contagem de Linfócito CD4RESUMO
The assessment of leg asymmetries is gaining scientific interest due to its potential impact on performance and injury development. Athletes around puberty exhibit increased gait variability due to a non-established running pattern. This study aims to describe the asymmetries in the spatiotemporal running parameters in developmentally aged athletes. Forty athletes under 14 (U14) (22 females and 18 males) were assessed running on a treadmill at constant speeds of 12 and 14 km·h-1 for 3 min. Step length, step frequency, along with contact (CT) and flight time, both in absolute values and as a percentage of step time, were recorded using a RunScribe sensor attached to the laces of each shoe. U14 runners exhibited high bilateral symmetry in the spatiotemporal parameters of running, with mean asymmetry values (1-5.7%) lower than the intra-limb coefficient of variation (1.7-9.6%). Furthermore, bilateral asymmetries did not vary between the two speeds. An individual-based interpretation of asymmetries identified subjects with consistent asymmetries at both speeds, particularly in terms of CT and contact ratio (%, CT/step time). This study confirms the high symmetry of pubertal runners and paves the way for the application of portable running assessment technology to detect asymmetries on an individual basis.
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Dendritic hydrogels based on carbosilane crosslinkers are promising drug delivery systems, as their amphiphilic nature improves the compatibility with poorly water-soluble drugs. In this work, we explored the impact of the complementary polymer on the amphiphilic properties of the dendritic network. Different polymers were selected as precursors, from the highly lipophilic propylene glycol (PPG) to the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG), including amphiphilic Pluronics L31, L35 and L61. The dithiol polymers reacted with carbosilane crosslinkers through UV-initiated thiol-ene coupling (TEC), and the resultant materials were classified as non-swelling networks (for PPG, PLUL31 and PLUL61) and high-swelling hydrogels (for PEG and PLUL35). The hydrogels exhibited thermo-responsive properties, shrinking at higher temperatures, and exhibited an intriguing drug release pattern due to internal nanostructuring. Furthermore, we fine-tuned the dendritic crosslinker, including hydroxyl and azide pendant groups in the focal point, generating functional networks that can be modified through degradable (ester) and non-degradable (triazol) bonds. Overall, this work highlighted the crucial role of the amphiphilic balance in the design of dendritic hydrogels with thermo-responsive behavior and confirmed their potential as functional networks for biomedical applications.
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The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a serious global health problem. There is an incessant demand for new antimicrobial drugs and materials that can address this global issue from different angles. Dendritic hydrogels have appeared as a promising strategy. A family of bifunctional amphiphilic carbosilane dendrimers was designed and employed as nanosized cross-linking points for the synthesis of high-swelling hydrogels using the highly efficient Thiol-Ene click reaction for their preparation. Both stoichiometric and off-stoichiometric conditions were studied, generating hydrogels with pendant hydroxyl or alkene moieties. These hydrogels were found to be tunable antibacterial materials. They can easily be postmodified with relevant antibiotic moieties through covalent attachment on the hydroxyl or alkene pendant groups, generating ammonium-decorated networks with temperature and pH-responsive properties. Additionally, they can efficiently encapsulate drugs with poor solubility in water, like ciprofloxacin, and perform a sustained release over time, as demonstrated in preliminary assays against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Significance: Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are, to date, the identified members of the gasotransmitter family, which consists of gaseous signaling molecules that play central roles in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including inflammatory edema. Recent Advances: Recent studies show the potential anti-inflammatory and antiedematogenic effects of NO-, CO-, and H2S-donors in vivo. In general, it has been observed that the therapeutical effects of NO-donors are more relevant when administered at low doses at the onset of the inflammatory process. Regarding CO-donors, their antiedematogenic effects are mainly associated with inhibition of proinflammatory mediators (such as inducible NO synthase [iNOS]-derived NO), and the observed protective effects of H2S-donors seem to be mediated by reducing some proinflammatory enzyme activities. Critical Issues: The most recent investigations focus on the interactions among the gasotransmitters under different pathophysiological conditions. However, the biochemical/pharmacological nature of these interactions is neither general nor fully understood, although specifically dependent on the site where the inflammatory edema occurs. Future Directions: Considering the nature of the involved mechanisms, a deeper knowledge of the interactions among the gasotransmitters is mandatory. In addition, the development of new pharmacological tools, either donors or synthesis inhibitors of the three gasotransmitters, will certainly aid the basic investigations and open new strategies for the therapeutic treatment of inflammatory edema. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 272-291.
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Gasotransmissores , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/uso terapêutico , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico , Transdução de Sinais , Monóxido de CarbonoRESUMO
Colon rectal cancer (CRC) during pregnancy is a rare neoplasia, with an incidence between 0.07-0.1% in the population. For an early diagnosis, a high suspicion is necessary and with it, timely diagnostic tests are carried out. When there is no suspicion and no diagnosis is sought, the prognosis is usually poor since it is often in an advanced state. We present the cases of two pregnant women aged 27 and 31 diagnosed with moderately differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma at 29 and 30 weeks of gestation, respectively. Due to the importance of making an opportune diagnosis to improve the survival of the patients, a search of information was carried out in the literature in relation to the diagnosis, management and prognosis of this pathology.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Colorretais , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Incidência , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/terapia , Prognóstico , AdultoRESUMO
Among the key diseases affecting the asparagus crop (Asparagus officinalis L.), vascular wilting of asparagus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi stands out worldwide. This disease significantly shortens the longevity of the crop and limits economic production. Traditional control measures have been largely ineffective, and chemical control methods are difficult to apply, making biological control approaches, specifically the use of Trichoderma, an economical, effective, and risk-free alternative. This study aimed to identify the main factors that affect the efficacy of biopesticides studied as Biological Control Agents (BCAs) against Fusarium wilt in asparagus and to assess the efficacy of Trichoderma-based biopesticides under greenhouse and semi-field conditions. We evaluated the response of three Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. asperellum, and T. saturnisporum) to environmental variables, such as temperature and water activity, and their antagonistic capacity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi. All three Trichoderma species inhibited the growth of the pathogen in vitro. A decrease in water activity led to a greater reduction in the growth rate. The efficacy of the three biological control agents decreased with higher temperatures, resulting in minimal inhibition, particularly under conditions of restricted available water in the environment. The effect of the fungal inoculum density was also analyzed at two different temperatures. A direct correlation between the amount of inoculum and the score on the Disease Severity Index (DSI) was observed. A notable reduction in DSI was evident in treatments with high inoculum density (106 conidium/mL) for all three species of Trichoderma tested at both temperatures. In greenhouse and semi-field tests, we observed less disease control than expected, although T. asperellum and T. atroviride showed lower disease severity indices and increased the dry weight of seedlings and crowns, whereas T. saturnisporum resulted in the highest disease rate and lowest dry weight. This work highlights that the efficacy of Trichoderma as BCAs is influenced by various factors, including the quantity of soil inocula, and environmental conditions. The study findings have strong implications for selecting appropriate Trichoderma species for controlling specific pathogens under specific environmental conditions.
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Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) saliva induces a variety of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Interestingly, although it is known that mosquito bites cause allergic reactions in sensitised hosts, the primary exposure of humans to Ae. aegypti does not evoke significant itching. Whether active components in the saliva of Ae. aegypti can counteract the normal itch reaction to injury produced by a histaminergic or non-histaminergic pathway in vertebrate hosts is unknown. This study investigated the effects of Ae. aegypti mosquito salivary gland extract (SGE) on sensitive reactions such as itching and associated skin inflammation. Acute pruritus and plasma extravasation were induced in mice by the intradermal injection of either compound 48/80 (C48/80), the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (Mrgpr) agonist chloroquine (CQ), or the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). The i.d. co-injection of Ae. aegypti SGE inhibited itching, plasma extravasation, and neutrophil influx evoked by C48/80, but it did not significantly affect mast cell degranulation in situ or in vitro. Additionally, SGE partially reduced CQ- and AITC-induced pruritus in vivo, suggesting that SGE affects pruriceptive nerve firing independently of the histaminergic pathway. Activation of TRPA1 significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ in TRPA-1-transfected HEK293t lineage, which was attenuated by SGE addition. We showed for the first time that Ae. aegypti SGE exerts anti-pruriceptive effects, which are partially regulated by the histamine-independent itch TRPA1 pathway. Thus, SGE may possess bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential for treating nonhistaminergic itch.
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is particularly produced in the skin, where it participates in the regulation of inflammation, pruritus, cytoprotection, scarring, and angiogenesis. In this study, we compared the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) with two H2S-releasing Dex derivatives in a murine model of atopic dermatitis (AD) induced by topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). After sensitization with DNCB, the animals were topically treated for five consecutive days with either the H2S-releasing compounds 4-hydroxy-thiobenzamide (TBZ) and 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-dithione-3-thione (ADT-OH), Dex, or the derivatives Dex-TBZ or Dex-ADT. Topical treatment with equimolar doses of either Dex, Dex-TBZ, or Dex-ADT resulted in similar reductions in dermatitis score, scratching behavior, edema, eosinophilia, splenomegaly, and histological changes. In contrast with Dex, the H2S-releasing derivatives prevented IL-4 elevation and oxidative modification of skin proteins. On an equimolar dose basis, Dex-TBZ, but not Dex-ADT, promoted the elevation of endogenous H2S production and GPx activity. Neither Dex-TBZ nor Dex-ADT decreased GR activity or caused hyperglycemia, as observed with Dex treatment. We conclude that the presence of H2S-releasing moieties in the Dex structure does not interfere with the anti-inflammatory effects of this corticosteroid and adds beneficial therapeutical actions to the parent compound.
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Participants in trail running races must carry their equipment throughout the race. This additional load modifies running biomechanics. Novel running powermeters allow further analyses of key running metrics. This study aims to determine the acute effects of running with extra weights on running power generation and running kinematics at submaximal speed. Fifteen male amateur trail runners completed three treadmill running sessions with a weighted vest of 0-, 5-, or 10% of their body mass (BM), at 8, 10, 12, and 14 km·h-1. Mean power output (MPO), leg spring stiffness (LSS), ground contact time (GCT), flight time (FT), step frequency (SF), step length (SL), vertical oscillation (VO), and duty factor (DF) were estimated with the Stryd wearable system. The one-way ANOVA revealed higher GCT and MPO and lower DF, VO, and FT for the +10% BM compared to the two other conditions (p < 0.001) for the running speeds evaluated (ES: 0.2-7.0). After post-hoc testing, LSS resulted to be higher for +5% BM than for the +10% and +0% BM conditions (ES: 0.2 and 0.4). Running with lighter loads (i.e., +5% BM) takes the principle of specificity in trail running one step further, enhancing running power generation and LSS.
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Atletas , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Masculino , Fenômenos BiomecânicosRESUMO
El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) durante el embarazo es una neoplasia poco frecuente, con una incidencia entre el 0,07- 0,1% en la población. Para un diagnóstico preciso es necesaria una alta sospecha y con ello realizar pruebas diagnósticas oportunas. Cuando no se tiene sospecha ni se busca el diagnóstico, el pronóstico suele ser malo, ya que muchas veces se halla en estado avanzado. Presentamos los casos de dos gestantes de 27 y 31 años, diagnosticadas de adenocarcinoma colorrectales medianamente diferenciados a las 29 y 30 semanas de gestación, respectivamente. Debido a la importancia de realizar un diagnóstico oportuno para mejorar la sobrevida de las pacientes, se realizó una búsqueda de información en la literatura en relación con el diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico de esta patología.
Colon rectal cancer (CRC) during pregnancy is a rare neoplasia, with an incidence between 0.07-0.1% in the population. For an early diagnosis, a high suspicion is necessary and with it, timely diagnostic tests are carried out. When there is no suspicion and no diagnosis is sought, the prognosis is usually poor since it is often in an advanced state. We present the cases of two pregnant women aged 27 and 31 diagnosed with moderately differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma at 29 and 30 weeks of gestation, respectively. Due to the importance of making an opportune diagnosis to improve the survival of the patients, a search of information was carried out in the literature in relation to the diagnosis, management and prognosis of this pathology.
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Contexto: Na cirurgia maxilofacial existem procedimentos que envolvem o ducto nasolacrimal, pelo que esta medida é um ponto de referência para evitar a sua lesão. Artigos anteriores tomam como referência o fenótipo anglo-saxão e não a população latino-americana, o que é uma grande limitação quando se extrapola para a cirurgia maxilofacial. Objetivo: Medir a distância do ducto nasolacrimal às estruturas anatômicas adjacentes em uma amostra de tomografias computadorizadas do Hospital Universitário San Ignacio em Bogotá, Colômbia, em 2021. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospetivo com base em tomografias computadorizadas do HUSI. Foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística, na qual foram identificadas 150 tomografias computadorizadas. Informações sobre sexo, idade e distância do ducto nasolacrimal em milímetros foram coletadas em um banco de dados em planilha Excel, tendo como marcos anatômicos o entalhe piriforme, o forame infraorbitário e o assoalho da fossa nasal em cortes axiais, sagitais e coronais. Resultados: A análise das medidas mostrou que nenhuma das distribuições de medidas se comportou de forma diferente da distribuição normal. Em relação à comparação das medidas por sexo, a idade foi semelhante entre homens e mulheres, enquanto nas comparações por idade foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas. Conclusão: Os resultados são consistentes com os dados publicados em estudos anteriores. Em termos de distribuição por sexo, o comprimento do ducto nasolacrimal é maior nos homens do que nas mulheres, e a distribuição por idade indica que, à medida que a idade aumenta, a distância do ducto a estas estruturas diminui... (AU)
Background: In maxillofacial surgery there are procedures that involve the nasolacrimal duct, so this measure is a reference point to avoid its injury. Previous articles take as reference the Anglo-Saxon phenotype and not the Latin American population, which is a great limitation when extrapolating it to maxillofacial surgical procedures. Objective: To measure the distance of the nasolacrimal duct to adjacent anatomical structures in a sample of CT scans from the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá- Colombia in 2021. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed based on CT scans from HUSI. A non-probabilistic sampling was used in which 150 CT scans were identified. Information on sex, age and distance of the nasolacrimal duct in millimeters was collected in an Excel spreadsheet database, taking as anatomical landmarks the piriform notch, the infraorbital foramen and the floor of the nasal fossa in axial, sagittal and coronal sections. Results: The analysis of the measurements showed that none of the measurement distributions had a behavior different from the normal distribution. In relation to the comparison of the measurements by sex, age was similar in men and women, while significant differences were evidenced in the comparisons by age. Conclusion: The results coincide with the data published in previous studies. Regarding the distribution by sex, the length of the nasolacrimal duct is greater in men than in women, and the distribution by age indicates that as age increases the distance of the duct to these structures decreases... (AU)
Antecedentes: En cirugía maxilofacial existen procedimientos que involucran el conducto nasolagrimal, por lo cual esta medida es un punto de referencia para evitar su lesión. Artículos previos toman como referencia el fenotipo anglosajón y no la población Latinoamericana, lo cual supone una gran limitante al extrapolarlo a intervenciones quirúrgicas maxilofaciales. Objetivo: Medir la distancia del conducto nasolagrimal a estructuras anatómicas adyacentes en una muestra de tomografías del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en BogotáColombia en 2021. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo basado en tomografías del HUSI. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico en el que se identificaron 150 tomografías. En una base de datos en hoja de cálculo en Excel se recolectó información sobre sexo, edad y distancia del conducto nasolagrimal en milímetros, teniendo como reparo anatómico la escotadura piriforme, el agujero infraorbitario y el piso de la fosa nasal en los cortes axial, sagital y coronal. Resultados: El análisis de las mediciones realizadas mostró que ninguna de las distribuciones de medición tuvo un comportamiento distinto a la distribución normal. En relación con la comparación de las medidas por sexo la edad fue similar en los hombres y mujeres, mientras que se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en las comparaciones por edad. Conclusión: Los resultados coinciden con los datos publicados en estudios previos. En cuanto a la distribución por sexo, la longitud del conducto nasolagrimal es mayor en hombres que en mujeres, y la distribución por edad indica que conforme aumenta la edad la distancia del conducto a estas estructuras disminuye... (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Cirurgia Ortognática , Maxila/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The human genome presents variation at distinct levels, copy number variants (CNVs) are DNA segments of variable lengths that range from several base pairs to megabases and are present at a variable number of copies in human genomes. Common CNVs have no apparent influence on the phenotype; however, some rare CNVs have been associated with phenotypic traits, depending on their size and gene content. CNVs are detected by microarrays of different densities and are generally visualized, and their frequencies analysed using the HapMap as default reference population. Nevertheless, this default reference is inadequate when the samples analysed are from people from Mexico, since population with a Hispanic genetic background are minimally represented. In this work, we describe the variation in the frequencies of four common CNVs in Mexican-Mestizo individuals. RESULTS: In a cohort of 147 unrelated Mexican-Mestizo individuals, we found that the common CNVs 2p11.2 (99.6%), 8p11.22 (54.5%), 14q32.33 (100%), and 15q11.2 (71.1%) appeared with unexpectedly high frequencies when contrasted with the HapMap reference (ChAS). Yet, while when comparing to an ethnically related reference population, these differences were significantly reduced or even disappeared. CONCLUSION: The findings in this work contribute to (1) a better description of the CNVs characteristics of the Mexican Mestizo population and enhance the knowledge of genome variation in different ethnic groups. (2) emphasize the importance of contrasting CNVs identified in studied individuals against a reference group that-as best as possible-share the same ethnicity while keeping this relevant information in mind when conducting CNV studies at the population or clinical level.
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BACKGROUND: Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, amyloid-ß, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 pathology had been documented in 202/203 forensic autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City ≤40-year-olds with high exposures to ultrafine particulate matter and engineered nanoparticles. Cognition deficits, gait, equilibrium abnormalities, and MRI frontal, temporal, caudate, and cerebellar atrophy are documented in young adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify an association between falls, probable Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (pRBD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and insomnia in 2,466 Mexican, college-educated volunteers (32.5±12.4 years). METHODS: The anonymous, online study applied the pRBD and RLS Single-Questions and self-reported night-time sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and falls. RESULTS: Fall risk was strongly associated with pRBD and RLS. Subjects who fell at least once in the last year have an ORâ=â1.8137 [1.5352, 2.1426] of answering yes to pRBD and/or RLS questions, documented in 29% and 24% of volunteers, respectively. Subjects fell mostly outdoors (12:01 pm to 6:00 pm), 43% complained of early wake up hours, and 35% complained of sleep onset insomnia (EOI). EOI individuals have an OR of 2.5971 [2.1408, 3.1506] of answering yes to the RLS question. CONCLUSION: There is a robust association between falls, pRBD, and RLS, strongly suggesting misfolded proteinopathies involving critical brainstem arousal and motor hubs might play a crucial role. Nanoparticles are likely a significant risk for falls, sleep disorders, insomnia, and neurodegenerative lethal diseases, thus characterizing air particulate pollutants' chemical composition, emission sources, and cumulative exposure concentrations are strongly recommended.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Transtornos dos Movimentos , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Humanos , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Sono , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , AdultoRESUMO
El síndrome de Sjögren es la segunda enfermedad autoinmune crónica más prevalente; factores hereditarios y medioambientales interactúan provocando una "epitelitis autoinmune" que daña el tejido glandular exocrino principalmente, pero también a otros órganos; debido a esta heterogeneidad clínica, el diagnóstico y tratamiento constituyen un desafío. Estudios demuestran que afecta al 0,1-0,6 % de la población, con predilección por el sexo femenino (9:1). En Colombia existen pocos estudios epidemiológicos descriptivos y de caracterización en este síndrome. Caracterizar los parámetros clínicos y epidemiológicos de pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se revisaron historias clínicas de 409 pacientes con el síndrome que asistieron al Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre 2012 y 2019. Los datos se analizaron usando estadística descriptiva. La edad promedio de diagnóstico fue 59 años, la relación mujer: hombre 9:1, (91,7 % y 8,3 % respectivamente). Hubo mayor prevalencia en pacientes de 51 a 60 años (131) seguido por los de 61-70 años (114). La manifestación clínica más común fue la xerostomía (90 %); la biopsia de glándula salival menor fue el examen complementario más solicitado (65 %). El compromiso óseo-articular, fue la enfermedad concomitante más asociada. La etiología de la enfermedad es poco conocida, sin embargo, su caracterización, así como la identificación de medios diagnósticos y terapéuticos ayuda en la comprensión de la clínica; dicha información permitirá el desarrollo de tratamientos cada vez más efectivos y específicos.
Sjögren syndrome is the second most common chronic autoimmune disease, environmental and hereditary mechanisms causes an autoimmune epithelitis that affect the exocrine glandular tissue mainly, but also other organs; because this broad spectrum of clinical characteristics, the diagnostic and treatment become a challenge. Studies has shown that 0.1-0.6 % of the population is affected, with predominance of females over males (9:1). In Colombia there are few descriptive epidemiological studies and characterization of the affected population. Clinical and epidemiological characterization of Sjögren syndrome patients. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted, 409 clinical histories of patients with the syndrome at San Ignacio University Hospital from 2012 to 2019 were analized. The data collected were subjected to a descriptive statistic. The average age of diagnosis was 59 years, the ratio female: male 9:1 (91.7 % and 8.3 % respectively), the highest frequency of the syndrome was found in the 51 to 60 years old group (131) followed by the 61 to 70 years old group (114). The most common clinical manifestation was xerostomia (90 %), minor salivary gland biopsy was the most frequent test requested (65 %). The osseoarticular involvement was the most frecuent concomitant disease. Although the etiology of Sjögren syndrome is little known, its characterization, as well as the identification of the diagnostic and therapeutic means used, is of great help in understanding the disease; this information will allow the development of increasingly effective and specific treatments. More studies are required, in different locations, which will highlight the differences between populations.
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Several studies have already analysed power output in running or the relation between VO2max and power production as factors related to running economy; however, there are no studies assessing the difference in power output between shod and barefoot running. This study aims to identify the effect of footwear on the power output endurance runner. Forty-one endurance runners (16 female) were evaluated at shod and barefoot running over a one-session running protocol at their preferred comfortable velocity (11.71 ± 1.07 km·h−1). The mean power output (MPO) and normalized MPO (MPOnorm), form power, vertical oscillation, leg stiffness, running effectiveness and spatiotemporal parameters were obtained using the Stryd™ foot pod system. Additionally, footstrike patterns were measured using high-speed video at 240 Hz. No differences were noted in MPO (p = 0.582) and MPOnorm (p = 0.568), whereas significant differences were found in form power, in both absolute (p = 0.001) and relative values (p < 0.001), running effectiveness (p = 0.006), stiffness (p = 0.002) and vertical oscillation (p < 0.001). By running barefoot, lower values for contact time (p < 0.001) and step length (p = 0.003) were obtained with greater step frequency (p < 0.001), compared to shod running. The prevalence of footstrike pattern significantly differs between conditions, with 19.5% of runners showing a rearfoot strike, whereas no runners showed a rearfoot strike during barefoot running. Running barefoot showed greater running effectiveness in comparison with shod running, and was consistent with lower values in form power and lower vertical oscillation. From a practical perspective, the long-term effect of barefoot running drills might lead to increased running efficiency and leg stiffness in endurance runners, affecting running economy.
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Corrida , Sapatos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Pé , Marcha , Humanos , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
The relationship between maternal gingival health status and low birth weight or preterm delivery is controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between maternal oral knowledge and the level of oral health during pregnancy with the risk of obstetric complications and breastfeeding. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after an oral health educational intervention in a consecutive sample of 97 pregnant women. Data collection consisted of a validated questionnaire, oral examination, the Caries Index (CAOD) and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (IHOS). The participants had a mean age of 32.5 ± 5.19 years and a predominantly university education (57.1%). The level of knowledge regarding oral health was fair (12.5 ± 3.56 correct answers). Older pregnant women (33.0 ± 4.80 years) practiced breastfeeding and had a higher number of correct answers to the questionnaire. Adequate IHOS was associated with higher birth-weight newborns (3333 ± 0.3), whereas poor oral hygiene control was associated with lower birth-weight newborns (2960 ± 0.1) (p < 0.05). A lower level of academic education was associated with worse oral hygiene (p < 0.05). In addition, the greater the number of children, the higher the CAOD. Finally, among non-smoking women, the weight of infants was 437 mg higher. Maternal oral hygiene and the week of delivery were associated with newborn weight (p < 0.05) in a multiple linear regression model. Smoking was also related to low birth weight (p < 0.05). Educational interventions in pregnancy are necessary to decrease the incidence of obstetric adverse effects and improve the oral health of mothers and their children.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Saúde Bucal , Adulto , Peso ao Nascer , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Mães , GravidezRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly based on molecular testing. General population studies have shown that chest Computed Tomography (CT) can also be useful. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine the usefulness of high-resolution chest CT for early diagnosis of patients with suspected COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a cross-sectional study from May 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021, at the COVID Hospital, Mexico City. METHODS: This study examined the clinical, high-resolution chest CT imaging, and laboratory data of 160 patients who were suspected to have COVID-19. Patients with positive Reverse Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing and those with negative RT-PCR testing but clinical data compatible with COVID-19 and positive antibody testing were considered to have COVID-19 (positive). Sensitivity and specificity of CT for diagnosis of COVID-19 were calculated. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Median age of 160 study patients was 58 years. The proportion of patients with groundglass pattern was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in those without COVID (65.1% versus 0%; P = 0.005). COVID-19 was ruled out in sixteen (11.1%). Only four of the 132 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (3.0%) did not show CT alterations (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of CT for COVID-19 diagnosis were 96.7% and 42.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Chest CT can identify patients with COVID-19, as characteristic disease patterns are observed on CT in the early disease stage.