RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the baseline to measure one of the three indicators of the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB strategy (2015-2035), measure the costs incurred by patients affected by tuberculosis (TB) during a treatment episode and estimate the proportion of households facing catastrophic costs (CC) and associated risk factors, in Colombia, 2021. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among participants on TB treatment in Colombia, using telephone interviews due to the exceptional context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey collected household costs (direct [medical and non-medical out-of-pocket expenses] and indirect) over an episode of TB, loss of time, coping measures, self-reported income, and asset ownership. Total costs were expressed as a proportion of annual household income and analyzed for risk factors of CC (defined as costs above 20% annual household income). RESULTS: The proportion of TB-affected households incurring in costs above 20% annual household income (CC) was 51.7% (95%CI: 45.4-58.0) overall, 51.3% (95%CI: 44.9-57.7) among patients with drug-sensitive (DS) TB, and 65.0% (95%CI: 48.0-82.0) among drug-resistant (DR). The average patient cost of a TB case in Colombia was $1,218 (95%CI 1,106-1,330) including $860.9 (95%CI 776.1-945.7) for non-medical costs, $339 (95%CI 257-421) for the indirect costs, and $18.1 (95%CI 11.9-24.4) for the medical costs. The factors that influenced the probability of facing CC were income quintile, job loss, DR-TB patient, and TB type. CONCLUSION: Main cost drivers for CC were non-medical out-of-pocket expenses and income loss (indirect costs). Current social protection programs ought to be expanded to mitigate the proportion of TB-affected households facing CC in Colombia, especially those with lower income levels.
Assuntos
Pandemias , Tuberculose , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/terapia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , RendaRESUMO
Este artículo describe la primera fase de una intervención preventiva incorporada en las accionesde monitoreo y evaluación de un proyecto de desarrollo alternativo para población rural de regiones afectadas por cultivos ilícitos y/o presencia de grupos armados irregulares. Presenta el análisis de una encuesta de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sexuales, cuyos resultadosevidencian la persistencia de conceptos erróneos, actitudes negativas hacia personas con Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) y baja frecuencia de prácticas sexuales protegidas. El nivel de conocimientos y el uso del condón son mucho menores en este grupo poblacional que en otros grupos de alta vulnerabilidad que viven en contextos urbanos. Esta intervención constituye la primera experiencia exitosa de tranversalización de la prevención del VIH en proyectos dedesarrollo apoyados por el Sistema de Naciones Unidas (UN) en Colombia.
This article describes the first phase of a Human Inmunodeficiency Virus HIV/AIDS related preventive intervention mainstreamed in the monitoring and evaluation activities conducted within the frame of an alternative development project aimed at rural populations living in regions affected by illegal crops and/or presence of irregular armed forces. It also analyses results of the knowledge, attitudes and sex behaviour survey, which evidences persistence ofmisconceptions around ways of viral transmission, negative attitudes towards people living with HIV, and low frequency of protected sex practices. Level of knowledge and consistencyof condom use are much lower among this population group than in other highly vulnerable population groups living in urban contexts. This intervention constituted the first successful experience in mainstreaming HIV/AIDS prevention in development projects supported by United Nations (UN) in Colombia.
Este artigo descreve a primeira fase de uma intervenção preventiva incorporada nas ações de monitorização e avaliação de um projeto de desenvolvimento alternativo para população ruralde regiões afetadas por cultivos ilícitos e/ou presença de grupos armados ilegais. Apresenta a analise de uma pesquisa de conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas sexuais, cujos resultados evidenciam a persistência de conceitos errôneos, atitudes negativas para pessoas com Virus da Inmunodeficiência humana (VIH) baixa frequência de práticas sexuais protegidas. O nível deconhecimentos e o uso do preservativo são muito menores neste grupo populacional que em outros grupos de alta vulnerabilidade que vivem em contextos urbanos. Esta intervenção constitui a primeira experiência bem sucedida de tranversalização e prevenção do HIV em projetos dedesenvolvimento apoiados pelo Sistema das Nações Unidas na Colômbia.