Biocompatible green technology principles for the fabrication of food packaging material with noteworthy mechanical and antimicrobial properties-- A sustainable developmental goal towards the effective, safe food preservation strategy.

Biocompatible, eco-friendly, highly economical packaging methods should be needed as conventional packaging is known to cause undesirable effects. As food packaging is the major determining factor of food safety, the selection or methods of packaging materials plays a pioneering role. With this scope, modern food technology seeks unique sustainable approaches for the fabrication of package materials with notable desired properties. The principles, features, and fabrication methodology of modern food packaging are briefly covered in this review. We extensively revealed improved packaging (nanocoating, nanolaminates, and nano clay), active packaging (antimicrobial, oxygen scavenging, and UV barrier packaging), and intelligent/smart packaging (O2 indicator, CO2 indicator, Time Temperature Indicator, freshness indicator, and pH indicator). In particular, we described the role of nanomaterials in the fabrication of packaging material. Methods for the evaluation of mechanical, barrier properties, and anti-microbial assays have been featured. The present studies suggest the possible utilization of materials in the fabrication of food packaging for the production, utilization, and distribution of safe foods without affecting nutritional values.

Serine Threonine-Protein Kinase-Derived IW13 Improves Lipid Metabolism via C/EBP-α/SREBP1/FAS Signaling Pathways in HFD-Induced Zebrafish In Vivo Larval Model.

Obesity is linked to the development of major metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Recent research has focused on the molecular link between obesity and oxidative stress. Obesity impairs antioxidant function, resulting in dramatically increased reactive oxygen levels and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of IW13 peptide on inhibiting lipid accumulation and regulating the antioxidant mechanism to normalize the lipid metabolism in HFD induced zebrafish larvae. Our results showed that co-treatment with IW13 peptide showed a protective effect in HFD zebra fish larvae by increasing the survival and heart rate. However, IW13 peptide co-treatment reduced triglycerides and cholesterol levels while also restoring the SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes. In addition, IW13 co-treatment inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion by regulating the glutathione level. Also, the results showed that IW13 specifically downregulated the expression of the lipogenic-specific genes (C/EBP-α, SREBP1, and FAS). The findings exhibited that the IW13 peptide with effective antioxidant and anti-obesity activity could act as a futuristic drug to treat obesity and oxidative stress-related diseases.

Chitosan nanocomposite as an effective carrier of potential herbicidal metabolites for noteworthy phytotoxic effect against major aquatic invasive weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).

In this current work, the herbicidal activity of fungal metabolites stacked chitosan nanocomposite against significant aquatic invasive weed Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was examined. Herbicidal metabolites from the fungal strain Allophoma oligotrophica were extracted and purified under standard condition. Altered ionic gelation technique was received for the amalgamation of chitosan nanocomposite fabricated with herbicidal metabolites. Synthesized nanocomposite incited checked herbicidal impact on the leaflets of water hyacinth. Synthesized nanocomposite induced marked herbicidal effect on the tested leaflets of water hyacinth. Necrotic development on the tested leaflets at earlier incubation period followed by progressive enhancement of necrotic lesion reveals the noteworthy herbicidal activity of the synthesized nanocomposite. Parenchymal, mesenchymal tissue disintegration, reduction of total chlorophyll content, elevated anti oxidative enzymes and changes in qualitative protein profiling of tested leaflets reveals the nanocomposite induced noteworthy morphometric and functional effects. Effect of solvents on the release profile demonstrates that ethyl acetate treatment brought about controlled or sustained release of metabolites. No sign of toxic effect on the zebra fish embryonic developmental stages revealed biocompatibility of the nanocomposite.

Hepatitis B-surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine fabricated chitosan-polyethylene glycol nanocomposite (HBsAg-CS-PEG- NC) preparation, immunogenicity, controlled release pattern, biocompatibility or non-target toxicity.

Antigen delivery framework utilising polymer-based nanomaterial is broadly used in biomedicine because of their high efficacy, antigenicity and biocompatibility. In this study, hepatitis B surface antigen fabricated chitosan-polyethylene glycol nanocomposite (HBsAg-CS-PEG NC) was prepared by in situ ionic gelation method which brought about highly stable nanoformulation that was characterised by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Particles morphology by electron microscopy studies reveals spherical, electron-dense, nanostructure with 100-120 nm. AFM studies show a uniform distribution of particles with distinct roughness. Specific interaction of polymers with the vaccine or surface modification and functionalization were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Synthesised nanocomposite exhibited high antigen loading and entrapment efficiency. Release profile study carried out under in vitro condition indicates that a gradual increase in release at increasing time intervals which confirms noteworthy stability and release pattern. Enhanced immunogenicity of the nanocomposite was determined by induction of rosette formation and rate of phagocytosis using T cell rosette formation assay (TCRF assay) and mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage phagocytosis assay. Notable enhancement on rosette formation and phagocytosis percentage was recorded in nanocomposite treatment as dose-dependent manner. Biocompatibility or non-target effect was done by evaluating acute or subacute toxicity against Wistar rat model and hemocompatibility. Hemocompatibility was measured by determination of hemolysis, antioxidative enzymes, erythrocytes aggregation and serum protein profiling. No sign of toxicity and mortality was observed in all the tested parameters of nanocomposite treated animal model. Hemocompatibility studies indicate that nanocomposite treatment was not shown hemolysis, changes in antioxidative enzymes and serum protein profiling which all confirms the best biocompatibility of the synthesised nanocomposite. Phytotoxic effect of the nanocomposite studied with Vigna mungo, Vigna radiata) and Brassica nigra seeds indicate that the nanocomposite treatment was not affecting seedlings emergence or germination index. All these findings unmistakably uncover that the nanocomposite fabricated HBsAg vaccine nanoformulation utilised as a successful immunising agent which constructed from its high immunogenic property and best biocompatibility against appropriate test model framework and investigated another sight in inoculation immunology part.