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1.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 63(3): 235-42, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26095085

RESUMO

Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR), a major small ruminant transboundary animal disease, is endemic in Nigeria. Strains of the causal agent, peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV), have been differentiated into four genetically distinct lineages based on the partial sequence of the virus nucleoprotein (N) or fusion (F) genes. Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus strains that were identified initially in Africa were grouped into lineages I, II and III and viruses from Asia were classified as lineage IV and referred to as the Asian lineage. Many recent reports indicate that the Asian lineage is now also present in Africa. With this in mind, this study was conducted to reassess the epidemiology of PPRV in Nigeria. A total of 140 clinical samples from 16 sheep and 63 goats with symptoms suggestive of PPR were collected from different states of Nigeria during a four-year period (2010-2013). They were analysed by the amplification of fragments of the N gene. Results for 33 (42%) animals were positive. The phylogenetic analysis of the N gene sequences with those available in GenBank showed that viruses that were detected belong to both lineage II and IV. Based on an analysis of the N gene sequences, the lineage IV isolates grouped into two clades, one being predominant in the north-eastern part of the country and the other found primarily in the southern regions of the country. This study reports the presence of PPRV Asian lineage IV in Nigeria for the first time.


Assuntos
Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo/genética , Peste dos Pequenos Ruminantes/epidemiologia , Vírus da Peste dos Pequenos Ruminantes/genética , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Cabras , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo/metabolismo , Peste dos Pequenos Ruminantes/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia
2.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 51(6): 1066-9, 2015 Jan 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25435252

RESUMO

Selective inhibitors of voltage-activated K(+) channels are needed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. In this work it was discovered that porphyrins bearing 2-4 carbon alkyl ammonium side chains predominantly blocked the Kv1.1 current whilst Kv1.2 was susceptible to a porphyrin bearing polyamine side chains.


Assuntos
Porfirinas/farmacologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/farmacologia , Canais de Potássio/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais Sinápticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Amônio/química , Compostos de Amônio/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Porfirinas/síntese química , Porfirinas/química , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/síntese química , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio/química , Canais de Potássio/metabolismo
3.
Mali Med ; 29(2): 59-65, 2014.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30049129

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiological and etiologic aspects associated with the death of haemodialysis patients. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in the department of hemodialysis of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital from July 2010 to December 2011 (18 months). The files of all the haemodialysis patients for chronic renal insufficiency of both sexes and all ages who died were included in our study. RESULTS: 153 patients were dialysed during our period of study, 48 died (mortality rate: 31,4%). On these 48 deaths, 36 files were retained. The average age of the patients was 48.3 years with extremes of 16 and 73 years. The age bracket from 35 to 65 years was the most affected with 77% of deaths. The patients of less than 35 years and those of more than 65 years represented respectively 16% and 5% of deaths. The sex-ratio was 3.5 (M:W). Regarding chronic pathologies, 36% had hypertension, 25% were diabetics and 31% were HIV-positive. Regarding anaemia, only 16.6% benefited from an occasional and irregular treatment by erythropoietin and the remaining 83.4% by blood transfusion. For the hemodialysis, 75% of patients had benefited from a central venous catheter (CVC) and 25% of an artério-venous fistula (FAV). On 27 patients having used a central venous catheter as vascular access, 20 died in the first year of dialysis (74%). Thirteen (13) of our patients had interrupted their sessions of hemodialysis. The causes of death were dominated by infections (16 cases) followed by cardiovascular diseases (11 cases) and acute anaemia (5 cases). Sixty one percent of the patients died less than one year after the beginning of the hemodialysis sessions; 11.1% after 2 years. The rate of survival of our patients was 50% after 6 months of dialysis, 33.3% after 1 year and only 8.3% after 2 years. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of haemodialysis is high in Togo with a very low survival a year following treatment. Infections played an important part in the death of haemodialysis patients partially due to the administration method, but more importantly cardiovascular and anemia.


BUT: Etudier les aspects épidémiologiques et les facteurs associés au décès chez les patients hémodialysés. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale rétrospective à visée descriptive ayant pour cadre l'unité d'hémodialyse du CHU Sylvanus Olympio. Les données ont été collectées sur une période de 18 mois de juillet 2010 à décembre 2011. Ont été inclus dans notre étude, les dossiers de tous les patients hémodialysés pour insuffisance rénale chronique décédés, sans discrimination de sexe et de tout âge. RÉSULTATS: Au total 153 patients ont été dialysés pendant notre période d'étude parmi lesquels 48 sont décédés soit un taux de mortalité de 31,4%. Sur ces 48 décès, 36 dossiers étaient éligibles. L'âge moyen des patients était de 48,3 ans avec des extrêmes de 16 et 73 ans. La tranche d'âge de 35 à 65 ans était la plus représentée avec un taux 77%. Les patients de moins de 35 ans et ceux de plus de 65 ans représentaient respectivement 16% et 5%. On notait une sex-ratio H/F de 3.5 :1. Au plan des pathologies chroniques, 36% étaient hypertendus, 25% diabétiques. Chez 31% de nos patients, la sérologie rétrovirale était positive au VIH. Pour ce qui concerne l'anémie, seul 16,6% ont bénéficié d'un traitement intermittent et irrégulier par érythropoïétine et 83,4% ont été transfusés. Pour l'hémodialyse, 75% des patients avaient bénéficié d'un cathéter veineux central (CVC) comme voie d'abord et 25% d'une fistule artério-veineuse (FAV). Sur les 27 patients chez qui un cathéter veineux central a été utilisé comme voie d' abord vasculaire, 20 soit 74% sont décédés dans la première année de dialyse. Treize(13) de nos patients avaient interrompu leurs séances d'hémodialyse. Les facteurs associés au décès étaient dominées par les infections (16 cas) suivies des maladies cardiovasculaires (11 cas) et l'anémie grave* (5 cas).Soixante un pourcent des patients sont décédés à moins d'un an après le début des séances d'hémodialyse et 11,1% après 2 ans. Le taux de survie de nos patients était de 50% à 6 mois de dialyse, 33, 3% à 1 an et seulement 8,3% à 2 ans. CONCLUSION: Le taux de mortalité des hémodialysés est élevé au Togo avec une survie à un an très faible. Les infections occupent une place importante dans les décès des hémodialysés dont la voie d'abord utilisée serait en partie responsable, mais les autres facteurs associés au décès étaient dominés par les atteintes cardiovasculaires et l'anémie.

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