RESUMO
Aim: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of valproic acid (VPA) on SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, SOCS-5, SOCS6, and SOCS-7 gene expression and cell growth inhibition in colon carcinoma IS1, IS2, and IS3 cell lines. Background: Cancer is a process induced by the accumulation of epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. The DNA methylation and histone deacetylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) have been shown in various cancers. The methylation and deacetylation of suppressors of the cytokine signaling (SOCS) family, as TSGs, have been demonstrated in numerous cancers. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have emerged as accessory therapeutic agents for human cancers. Methods: IS1, IS2, and IS3 cells were cultured and treated with VPA. To determine cell viability, cell apoptosis, and the relative gene expression level, MTT assay, flow cytometry assay, and qRT-PCR, respectively, were performed. A database was established with the SPSS 16.0 software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) for analysis. Data was acquired from three tests and is shown as means ± standard deviations. A significant difference was considered as p < 0.05. Results: VPA changed the expression levels of the SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, SOCS-5, SOCS6, and SOCS-7 genes, by which cell apoptosis was induced and cell growth inhibited in all three cell lines (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: VPA can induce apoptosis through reactivation of SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, SOCS-5, SOCS6, and SOCS-7 gene expression.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the changes in contrast sensitivity (CS) after using the four different types of antiglaucoma eye drops in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by OPTEC-functional vision analyzer (FVA). METHODS: In this prospective study, eighty patients (80 eyes) with POAG were randomly divided into four groups. The groups were randomly received timolol maleate 0.5%, travoprost 0.004%, dorzolamide 2%, and brimonidine tartrate 0.2%. The medications were used in the eye that was randomly selected. The CS was assessed before and 15 min after the intervention by the FVA. The paired t-test was used to compare the difference between before and after the intervention. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Fifteen minutes after the instillation of timolol maleate (Group A), the CS in three out of twenty patients at the spatial frequencies of 1.5, and 3 cycles per degree (cpd) was significantly decreased (P = 0.015). However, using travoprost (Group B) and dorzolamide (Group C), the CS in one out of twenty patients at low spatial frequencies (1.5 and 3 cpd) was decreased in the two groups, which was not statistically significant for these medications (P > 0.05). In Group D, after applying brimonidine tartrate, the CS in two out of twenty patients at the spatial frequency of 18 cpd was significantly decreased (P = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that CS values at low and high spatial frequencies after applying timolol and brimonidine eye drops are temporarily reduced in patients with POAG.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Sensibilidades de Contraste/fisiologia , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/tratamento farmacológico , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/fisiopatologia , Testes Visuais/instrumentação , Adulto , Tartarato de Brimonidina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Soluções Oftálmicas , Estudos Prospectivos , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Timolol/uso terapêutico , Travoprost/uso terapêutico , Testes de Campo Visual , Campos Visuais/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare histologic abnormalities of tear film and tear osmolarity between normal eyes and eyes with pterygium. METHODS: This was a prospective, hospital-based, case-control study involving 95 patients (65 men, 30 women) with unilateral pterygium. The tear meniscus height (TMH), Schirmer's test-1 (SCH-1) score, Rose Bengal staining (RBS) score, tear film breakup time (TBUT), tear osmolarity (TO), and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) were assessed in both eyes. The Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used to compare the results between the two groups. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 50.9 years, with the largest age group being the 45-55 year-old bracket across both genders. Most patients (82.1%) had nasal pterygium, and 80% were involved in outside activities. The mean assessment values in the case and control groups were as follows: TMH, 0.21 vs. 0.24 mm; SCH-1, 13.2 vs. 17.8 mm; RBS, 4.38 vs. 2.51 points; TBUT, 8.7 vs. 13.2 seconds; TO, 306 vs. 299 mOsm/L (P < 0.001 in all cases). The proportions of abnormal assessment values in the case and control groups were as follows: TMH, 82.1% vs. 3.16%; SCH-1, 20% vs. 2.1%; RBS, 30.53% vs. 4.22%; TBUT, 61.05% vs. 6.3%; TO, 10.52% vs. 1.05%; CIC, 33.7% vs. 7.37% (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the quantity and quality of tear film, as well as the number of goblet cells, decreased, but the tear osmolarity increased in eyes with pterygium. Furthermore, the TMH, RBS results, TBUT, and CIC have more precise state of the patient's tear condition with the disease of the pterygium.
RESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To assess the non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH) after instilling the three different types of anesthetic eye drops by Oculus Keratograph 5M. Methods: In this prospective study, 85 healthy subjects (85 eyes) were randomly divided into three groups. The groups were randomly received lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5%, and tetracaine hydrochloride 0.5%. The qualitative and quantitative parameters of tear film were assessed using NITBUT and TMH, respectively. In all groups, the quantity of tear film using TMH was measured in the right eye of subjects, while the quality of tear film using NITBUT was assessed in the left eye. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the difference between before and after the intervention. A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Differences for TMH and NITBUT between before and after applying lidocaine hydrochloride 2% were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mean values of NITBUT and TMH after the instillation of proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% showed a significant decrease than before the intervention (P < 0.05). Also, after the use of tetracaine hydrochloride 0.5%, the mean value of NITBUT was significantly increased (P < 0.05), but the mean value of TMH was significantly decreased than before the intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that lidocaine hydrochloride 2% as an anesthetic eye drops can be an appropriate choice for eye examinations due to a lack of significant effect on the quantity and quality of tear film.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o tempo de ruptura lacrimal não invasivo (NITBUT) e a altura do menisco lacrimal (TMH) após instilar os três tipos diferentes de colírio anestésico pelo Oculus Keratograph 5M. Métodos: Neste estudo prospectivo, 85 indivíduos saudáveis (85 olhos) foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. Os grupos receberam aleatoriamente cloridrato de lidocaína a 2%, cloridrato de proparacaína a 0.5% e cloridrato de tetracaína a 0.5%. Os parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos do filme lacrimal foram avaliados utilizando NITBUT e TMH, respectivamente. Em todos os grupos, a quantidade de filme lacrimal utilizando TMH foi medida no olho direito dos sujeitos, enquanto a qualidade do filme lacrimal usando NITBUT foi avaliada no olho esquerdo. A análise de variância (ANOVA) foi utilizada para comparar a diferença entre antes e depois da intervenção. Um valor de P < 0.05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Diferenças para TMH e NITBUT entre antes e depois da aplicação de cloridrato de lidocaína a 2% não foram estatisticamente significantes (P > 0.05). Os valores médios de NITBUT e TMH após a instilação de cloridrato de proparacaína a 0.5% mostraram uma diminuição significativa do que antes da intervenção (P < 0.05). Além disso, após o uso de cloridrato de tetracaína a 0.5%, o valor médio de NITBUT foi significativamente aumentado (P < 0.05), mas o valor médio de TMH foi significativamente menor do que antes da intervenção (P < 0.05). Conclusão: Nosso estudo mostrou que o cloridrato de lidocaína a 2% como colírio anestésico pode ser uma escolha apropriada para exames oftalmológicos devido à falta de efeito significativo sobre a quantidade e a qualidade do filme lacrimal.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Soluções Oftálmicas , Propoxicaína/farmacologia , Lágrimas/efeitos dos fármacos , Tetracaína/farmacologia , Topografia da Córnea/instrumentação , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Propoxicaína/administração & dosagem , Lágrimas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tetracaína/administração & dosagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Córnea/anatomia & histologia , Topografia da Córnea/métodos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico/instrumentação , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Lidocaína/administração & dosagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two sustained-release formulation of artificial tear drops. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a randomized patient-masked clinical trial, a total 88 patients into two group A (n=41; with single dose of artificial tear, containing dextran 70, 1mg/ml and hypromellose, 3mg/ml hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and group B (n=47; with multidose of artificial tear, containing 0.3g HPMC and 0.1g of dextran 70, with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as preservative) were completed the study. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear break up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining and Schirmer test, were performed. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the differences among the two products. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean of age of the participants in the Group A and B was 44.08±6.29 (range, 33-58 years) years and 45.83±8.42 (31-60 years), respectively. In comparing two groups before the intervention, the OSDI scores, the TBUT scores, the conjunctival and corneal staining scores and the Schirmer scores did not show statistically significant differences (p=0.339, p=0.640, p=0.334, p=0.807 and p=0.676, respectively). After 4 weeks, the OSDI scores, conjunctival and corneal staining scores showed improvement in compare to those before the intervention (p<0.001). But, the differences for the Schirmer test score and TBUT score was not significant (p=0.115, p=0.013, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our outcomes indicated that improvement occurred with use of both products but there was no statistically significant difference between them.
Assuntos
Compostos de Benzalcônio/administração & dosagem , Dextranos/administração & dosagem , Síndromes do Olho Seco/tratamento farmacológico , Derivados da Hipromelose/administração & dosagem , Lubrificantes Oftálmicos/administração & dosagem , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/administração & dosagem , Administração Oftálmica , Adulto , Córnea/fisiologia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Síndromes do Olho Seco/fisiopatologia , Pálpebras/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Soluções Oftálmicas , Método Simples-Cego , Inquéritos e Questionários , Lágrimas/fisiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the anterior segment parameters of keratoconus (KC) eyes at different stages of the disease by a new Scheimpflug camera combined with Placido disk corneal topography (Sirius, CSO, Italy) in a sample of the Iranian population. METHODS: A total of 225 eyes of 225 individuals comprising 41 suspect KC, 40 mild KC, 71 moderate KC, 48 severe KC and 25 normal eyes were assessed for the following parameters: corneal thickness at the apex (CTA), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal volume (CV), corneal keratometry (K), corneal asphericity (Q), and corneal elevation in the anterior and posterior surface. Also, the Zernike coefficients for the corneal aberrations including total root mean square (RMS), RMS Coma, RMS spherical aberration (SA), RMS Astigmatism, Baiocchi Calossi Versaci front index (BCVf), and BCV back index (BCVb) were noted for all eyes. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test for comparison of the means of the five groups. P-value was considered significant if it was <0.05. RESULTS: The TCT, CTA and posterior corneal elevation were significantly different between all comparison groups (P < 0.05). ACD values showed inconsistent differences between groups. Mean value of CV in comparing normal eyes vs suspect KC group, normal eyes vs mild KC, and normal eyes vs moderate KC revealed statistically significant change (P < 0.05). Also, weak non-significant positive correlation was demonstrated between K and CV (r = 0.08). There were statistically significant differences in total RMS, RMS coma, BCVf, and BCVb for most groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Posterior corneal elevation, corneal thickness and high order aberrations are important indices that need to be considered to diagnose different grades of keratoconus.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Keratoconus is the most common primary corneal ectatic disease and has considerable importance in public health. Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a procedure to mitigate progression of keratoconus and reduce demand for corneal transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CXL on corneal topographic and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) by Oculus Pentacam in the 15-30-year-old population. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytic study, we enrolled 38 eyes of 27 patients suffering from progressive keratoconus who were candidates for CXL. UDVA and the anterior and posterior corneal curvatures assessed prior to and 12 months after CXL. Data were analyzed by the paired t test and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: One year after the CXL, mean UDVA significantly improved 0.1 ± 0.25 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (p = 0.012). Changes for steep keratometry values, flat keratometry, and mean keratometry on the anterior corneal surface were statistically significant (all p < 0.005). However, the difference observed in maximum keratometry and astigmatism was not significant (p = 0.421 and p = 0.745, respectively). After 12 months, all four keratometry values on the posterior corneal surface had increased significantly (p < 0.005), while no significant change observed in astigmatism (p = 0.303). CONCLUSION: Corneal collagen crosslinking has been revealed as an effective and minimally invasive intervention for the treatment of progressive keratoconus that can improve UDVA.