Controlled nanostructrures formation by ultra fast laser pulses for color marking.

Precise nanostructuration of surface and the subsequent upgrades in material properties is a strong outcome of ultra fast laser irradiations. Material characteristics can be designed on mesoscopic scales, carrying new optical properties. We demonstrate in this work, the possibility of achieving material modifications using ultra short pulses, via polarization dependent structures generation, that can generate specific color patterns. These oriented nanostructures created on the metal surface, called ripples, are typically smaller than the laser wavelength and in the range of visible spectrum. In this way, a complex colorization process of the material, involving imprinting, calibration and reading, has been performed to associate a priori defined colors. This new method based on the control of the laser-driven nanostructure orientation allows cumulating high quantity of information in a minimal surface, proposing new applications for laser marking and new types of identifying codes.

[VNTR-PCR in diagnosis of inherited Rb gene mutation]. / VNTR-PCR w diagnostyce nosicielstwa zmutowanego genu Rb.

Molecular genetic analysis of DNA by PCR-VNTR was performed in a family with hereditary retinoblastoma presenting some difficulties in pedigree analysis. PCR-VNTR allowed to perform a more accurate counselling in this family. Analysis of the way of transmission, carrier status exclusion (in two persons) and confirmation (in one) was possible only by VNTR-PCR.

[RFLP-PCR technique for exclusion of carrier status of the mutated Rb gene]. / Technika RFLP-PCR w wykluczeniu nosicielstwa zmutowanego genu Rb.

Molecular-genetic analysis of DNA by PCR-RFLP technique in a family with a case of unilateral retinoblastoma was performed. The carrier status of mutated Rb gene in a sister of proband was excluded on the basis of molecular analysis despite unsynonymous pedigree data.

[Possible common partial antigens in human Ig allotype structure and ubiquitous bacteria, studied with the example of Escherichia coli]. / Zur Frage einer möglichen Partialantigen-Gemeinschaft zwischen der menschlichen Ig-Allotyp-Struktur und ubiquitären Keimen, untersucht am Beispiel von Escherichia coli.

As can be learned from the literature, bovine serum may contain antibodies directed against human immunoglobulin allotypes. This gave rise to the question of what the origin of those antibodies is. We tested bacteria (E. coli) by means of the haemagglutination inhibition assay, which is used to type either Gm or Km factors. Anti-G1m(2) and anti-G3m(10)-specific antibodies were inhibited by the bacteria in a clear-cut manner, as was anti-Km(1), albeit less significantly. In contrast, the bacteria tested almost totally failed to inhibit anti-G3m(21) serum. The results lead to the assumption that E. coli may carry both Gm- and Km-like antigenic structures, which are presumably the antigenic material leading to immunization of cattle. Furthermore, new attention is drawn to a mechanism for immunization which is discussed regarding the genesis of either AB0 isoagglutinins in man or other "naturally occurring" antibodies.

Failure to detect antihuman-immunoglobulinallotype-active antibodies in diagnostic sera directed against some enterobacteria.

Diagnostic sera to determine antigenic properties of bacteria were tested to clarify the question whether these sera also contain antibodies being active against human immunoglobulin allotypes. Sera directed against various strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella were found to be negative for anti-Ig-allotype activity.

Isoelectric focusing of the human IgG light chains: a classification of the fractions and their normal values.

The method of isoelectrofocusing was employed to obtain a reproducible pattern of human IgG light chain bands. The map of IF spectra, which contained 13 main fractions and some subfractions, was delineated. Isoelectric points of these fractions and their quantitative relations in 10 healthy individuals were determined. Initial studies performed in 3 patients with monoclonal immunoglobulins and in 1 patient with gastric ulcer, negative for monoclonal protein, showed significant deviations from normal values in certain fractions of the IF spectrum.

Existence of the natural antibody against human-gamma-globulin in bovine sera.

The natural antibody against human gamma-globulins has been found in 2 out of 26 bovine sera. The bovine sera were absorbed with human erythrocytes of group O and tested with human red cells coated with incomplete antibodies. Two of 26 sera studied displayed evident agglutinating properties similar to those of anti-human globulin used in Coombs test.