RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify the best methods of reaching individuals at high risk with HIV-prevention messages. METHODS: Data were collected from 827 men who have sex with men, injection drug users, sex workers, HIV+ individuals, heterosexuals, migrant workers, and perinatal women. RESULTS: Over 70% of participants were exposed to HIV-prevention messages, but sources of exposure varied by risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Most methods examined were effective means of communicating prevention messages. As multifaceted approaches to intervention allow for more comprehensive dissemination, interventions can be tailored to the targeted risk group by using sources shown most effective for each group.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Promoção da Saúde , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Meios de Comunicação , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevenção Primária , Medição de Risco , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologiaRESUMO
Data from two multi-ethnic prospective studies of African American, Latina, and non-Hispanic White pregnant women were used to examine the influence of contextual factors on social support processes during pregnancy. Multiple types of support (perceived support, received support, support satisfaction, network support) and sources of support (baby's father, family, friends) were assessed. The role of ethnicity in social support was examined after controlling for the contribution of related contextual factors (SES, marital status, age, parity, employment) to these processes. The impact of ethnicity and related contextual factors differed across sources of social support. Ethnic differences in support from family and friends, but not from the baby's father, emerged. However, marital status was a consistent predictor of support from the baby's father, and SES was a consistent predictor of support from friends. Overall, the findings of two studies suggest that although ethnicity is associated with support from friends and family, other contextual factors, such as marital status and SES, influence support processes during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Etnicidade/psicologia , Gravidez/psicologia , Apoio Social , Aculturação , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento do Consumidor , Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The present research examined relations between individuation, the willingness to publicly differentiate oneself from others, and three dimensions that may lead to high social impact: creativity, leadership, and nonverbal expressiveness. Study 1 describes the development of a Q-sort prototype of the high individuator. In Study 2 the prototype was used to construct a new measure of individuation; individuation showed predicted relations with creativity, leadership, and nonverbal expressiveness. In Study 3 the prototype measure was used to examine the behavioral expression of individuation within the context of a combined managerial and personality assessment center. High individuators engaged in more creativity, leadership, and nonverbal expressiveness; they were more willing to express dissenting opinions; and they contributed more to a group discussion task than did low individuators. The results clarify the link between high individuation and high social impact.