Normative value of deep neck flexors muscle strength measurement using pressure biofeedback unit and sphygmomanometer: An observational study.

PURPOSE: To find out the normative value of deep neck flexor muscles strength using pressure biofeedback unit and sphygmomanometer. METHODS: The healthy individuals both male and female aged between 18 and 25 years were recruited by stratified random sampling method from a tertiary hospital. The procedure is performed with the patient in supine lying with the neck in a neutral position. To check strength, pressure biofeedback unit and sphygmomanometer were placed under occiput and ask the individual to do the movement is genteelly and slowly as a head nodding action (chin tuck). The performance was scored via the pressure level that patient achieves 3 repetitions for 10 s hold and interval timing for 10 s. And the pressure biofeedback unit and sphygmomanometer inflated with 40 mmHg and took three reading respectively. RESULT: Our result shows, in decreased of deep neck cervical flexor muscle Strength with age group 21 (20-22) in normal adult and underweight with age group 21 (19-23) and with BMI 21 (20.1-22.4) and 16.6 (16.1-17.6) respectively. In our study, the deep neck flexor strength of overweight adults with age group 22 (21-23) and with BMI 27.8 (25.9-29.4) is stronger is than the normal and underweight adults. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the maximal Deep neck cervical flexor strength of overweight Adults is stronger than normal and underweight Adults. The difference is maintained in all age groups. The maximal Deep neck cervical flexor strength, for flexion is developed at neutral position of neck.

Paper-based sensors: affordable, versatile, and emerging analyte detection platforms.

Paper-based sensors, often referred to as paper-based analytical devices (PADs), stand as a transformative technology in the field of analytical chemistry. They offer an affordable, versatile, and accessible solution for diverse analyte detection. These sensors harness the unique properties of paper substrates to provide a cost-effective and adaptable platform for rapid analyte detection, spanning chemical species, biomolecules, and pathogens. This review highlights the key attributes that make paper-based sensors an attractive choice for analyte detection. PADs demonstrate their versatility by accommodating a wide range of analytes, from ions and gases to proteins, nucleic acids, and more, with customizable designs for specific applications. Their user-friendly operation and minimal infrastructure requirements suit point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and more. This review also explores various fabrication methods such as inkjet printing, wax printing, screen printing, dip coating, and photolithography. Incorporating nanomaterials and biorecognition elements promises even more sophisticated and sensitive applications.

Unprecedented Activation of CO2 by α-Amino Boronic Acids.

Efficient and environmentally benign transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals is mainly obstructed by the lack of suitable catalysts. To date, various catalysts have already been investigated for the conversion of CO2 molecules, but still finding metal-free, simple, and environment-friendly catalysts is a topic of utmost interest among researchers. Thus, in this regard, the present work projects α-amino boronic acids (AABs) as a metal-free and simple catalyst for CO2 activation. The density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations have been carried out to explore the catalytic potential of AABs. The detailed electronic structure analysis of the considered AABs unveils the catalytic similarities with frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in a gas phase. Interestingly, a peculiar catalytic action of AABs has been observed in the presence of solvents. The contrasting catalytic behavior of AABs in solvents has been extensively investigated by employing principal interacting orbital (PIO), intrinsic bond orbital (IBO), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses along the reaction paths. The results of the orbital studies provide concrete ground for the observed reaction mechanism. Further, the energetic analysis of the reaction of CO2 with AABs reveals that <5 kcal/mol energy is required for activation in a solvent phase, and the formed adducts are readily active. These observations show that AABs can be considered as an efficient catalyst for CO2 activation.