Intralabial Lip Compartments and their Potential Clinical Relevance.

BACKGROUND: Aesthetic soft tissue filler injections for lip enhancement are highly popular and are performed throughout the world. When injecting lips with cannulas, as the cannula is advanced, resistance is perceived in consistent locations potentially indicating boundaries between intralabial compartments. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intra-labial compartments exist and (if so) to describe their volumes, location, boundaries, and dimensions. METHODS: This cadaveric study investigated a total of n = 20 (13 males, 7 females) human body donors with a mean age at death of 61.9 (23.9) years and a mean body mass index of 24.3 (3.7) kg/m 2. The investigated cohort included n = 11 Caucasian, n = 8 Asian, and n = 1 African American donors. Dye injections simulating minimally invasive lip treatments were conducted. RESULTS: Independent of gender or race, 6 anterior and 6 posterior compartments in the upper and lower lip were identified, for a total of 24 lip compartments. Compartment boundaries were formed by vertically oriented septations that were found in consistent locations. The anterior compartments had volumes ranging from 0.30 - 0.39 cc whereas the posterior compartment volume ranged from 0.44 - 0.52 cc. Centrally, the compartment volumes were larger and decreased gradually towards the oral commissure. CONCLUSION: The volume and the size of each of the 24 compartments contribute to the overall appearance and shape of the lips. To achieve a natural and lip-shape preserving aesthetic outcome it may be preferable to administer the volumizing product using a compartment-respecting injection approach.

Respecting upper facial anatomy for treating the glabella with neuromodulators to avoid medial brow ptosis-A refined 3-point injection technique.

BACKGROUND: Current injection algorithms for treating the glabella rely on a five- or seven-point injection technique with possible medial eyebrow ptosis and lateral eyebrow elevation as undesirable outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety profile of a refined 3-point injection technique targeting horizontal and vertical glabellar lines. METHODS: A total of n=105 patients (27 males and 78 females) with a mean age of 40.90 ± 9.2 years were investigated. The injection technique relied on targeting the muscular origin of the procerus and the corrugator supercilii muscles exclusively. The time of effect onset and the injection-related outcome 120 days after the treatment was evaluated using the 5-point glabellar line severity scale. RESULTS: The onset of the neuromodulator effect was on average 3.5 ± 1.5 days. There was no statistically significant difference in the amplitude of movement before or 14 days after the treatment with 2.99 ± 4.4 mm vs. 3.39 ± 3.6 mm (p = 0.149) for the medial head of the eyebrow and with 3.18 ± 4.7 mm vs. 3.33 ± 4.3 mm (p = 0.510) for the lateral head of the eyebrow, respectively. CONCLUSION: Incorporating anatomic concepts into clinical practice for glabellar frown line neuromodulator treatments with the investigated 3-point injection technique resulted in the absence of adverse events like eyebrow ptosis, upper eyelid ptosis, medial eyebrow ptosis, and lateral frontalis hyperactivity. This technique demonstrated efficacy throughout the 4-month study period.

Oily skin: an overview.

Oily skin (seborrhea) is a common cosmetic problem that occurs when oversized sebaceous glands produce excessive amounts of sebum giving the appearance of shiny and greasy skin. This paper overviews the main concepts of sebaceous gland anatomy and physiology, including the biosynthesis, storage and release of sebum, as well as its relationship to skin hydration and water barrier function. We also address how skin oiliness may vary according to diet, age, gender, ethnicity and hot humid climates. The deeper understanding of this skin type provides the opportunity to better guide patients regarding skin care and also assist in the development of sebosuppressive agents.

Estudo piloto dos padrões de contração do músculo frontal / Patterns of contraction of the frontalis muscle: a pilot study

Introdução: Características anatômicas distintas e espectros cinéticos variados determinam padrões de contração da musculatura frontal peculiares a cada pessoa.Objetivo: Identificar e classificar os padrões de contração da musculatura frontal de pacientes que procuraram atendimento para tratamento de rugas frontais. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de fotografias de 83 pacientes. O padrão de contraçãomuscular foi classificado de acordo com a área hipercinética predominante, observada na fotografia em contração máxima do músculo frontal.Resultados: Foram identificados três padrões de contração: total, medial e lateral. O padrão total foi observado em 50,6% dos casos.As rítides horizontais presentes no centro da fronte avançam lateralmente além da linha mediopupilar, até o final da cauda das sobrancelhas. O padrão medial foi observado em 25,3% dos casos.As rítides horizontaisconcentram-se na região central da fronte, contidas predominantemente entre as linhas mediopupilares. O padrão lateral foi observado em 24% dos casos.As rítides horizontais predominam nas laterais da fronte, a maioria ocorrendo após a linha mediopupilar. Conclusões: A identificação e classificação dos padrões de contração do músculo frontal permitem avaliação mais individualizada de cada paciente, o que é um dos pilares mais importantes para um plano terapêutico bem-sucedido.

Familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Macular and lichen amyloidosis are clinical variants of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA). Most cases are sporadic, but approximately 10% of cases may be familial. To our knowledge, the clinicopathologic and molecular features of such pedigrees, however, have not been studied in detail. OBSERVATIONS: We assessed 2 Brazilian families with either lichen-type (family 1 had 14 affected subjects) or macular-type (family 2 had 7 affected subjects) PLCA. Typically, in both pedigrees, the onset of symptoms was around puberty, and pruritus usually began on the lower legs. Findings from lesional skin biopsy samples from both families showed thioflavin T-positive material in the papillary dermis, which was more prominent in the lichen phenotype in family 1. Spontaneous improvement occurred in 3 subjects (from both families) after age 25 years. All affected individuals in family 1 had a heterozygous missense mutation in the OSMR gene (p.I691T), but no pathogenic mutation in OSMR was found in family 2. CONCLUSIONS: Familial PLCA shows autosomal dominant inheritance, but there is clinical and genetic heterogeneity and variable clinical penetrance. Demonstration of mutations in the OSMR gene provides new insight into mechanisms of itch and apoptosis in human skin.

Oncostatin M receptor-beta mutations underlie familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis.

Familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (FPLCA) is an autosomal-dominant disorder associated with chronic skin itching and deposition of epidermal keratin filament-associated amyloid material in the dermis. FPLCA has been mapped to 5p13.1-q11.2, and by candidate gene analysis, we identified missense mutations in the OSMR gene, encoding oncostatin M-specific receptor beta (OSMRbeta), in three families. OSMRbeta is a component of the oncostatin M (OSM) type II receptor and the interleukin (IL)-31 receptor, and cultured FPLCA keratinocytes showed reduced activation of Jak/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt pathways after OSM or IL-31 cytokine stimulation. The pathogenic amino acid substitutions are located within the extracellular fibronectin type III-like (FNIII) domains, regions critical for receptor dimerization and function. OSM and IL-31 signaling have been implicated in keratinocyte cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation, but our OSMR data in individuals with FPLCA represent the first human germline mutations in this cytokine receptor complex and provide new insight into mechanisms of skin itching.

Identificação dos atributos de qualidad mais importantes na percepção dos usuários de um laboratório clínico / Identification of the most important quality attributes perceived by users of a clinical laboratory in Brazil

No Brasil, os laboratórios clínicos vivenciam um cenário de muitas dificuldades financeiras, devido à má remuneração dos serviços laboratoriais pelos planos de saúde e à elevada carga tributária. Uma das estratégias para sobreviver nesse mercado altamente competitivo é implementar a melhoria contínua na qualidade de atendimento aos clientes. Isso constitui a ferramenta-chave para aumentar a satisfação e, conseqüentemente, a fidelidade desses clientes, o que está intimamente associado à lucratividade empresarial. Dos 16 atributos pesquisados em um laboratório clínico privado, de Campo Grande, MS, os quais se relacionavam com as cincodimensões que determinam a qualidade em serviços, o atributo ‘higiene e limpeza’ recebeu a melhor avaliação por parte dos clientes, seguido dos atributos relacionados com as dimensões, ‘confiabilidade’, ‘segurança’ e ‘capacidade de resposta’, sendo que ‘higiene e limpeza’ foi o único dentre estes a se relacionar com a dimensão ‘tangibilidade’. O atributo que se refere ao atendimento especial a clientes com mais de 60 anos foi mais valorizado do que o de atendimento especial a crianças