RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively describe the patterns of use of dalbavancin for treating infections in diabetic patients in Italian and Spanish standard clinical practice. METHODS: DALBADIA [NCT04959799] was a multicentre, observational, retrospective cohort study, conducted in Italy and Spain. The study enrolled 97 adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, treated with dalbavancin as per standard clinical practice for a Gram-positive bacterial infection or the Gram-positive component of a mixed infection. RESULTS: Dalbavancin was used to treat cellulitis (18/92 patients, 19.6%), followed by prosthetic joint infection (14 patients, 15.2%), endocarditis (13 patients, 14.1%), and primary bacteraemia (10 patients, 10.9%); 78/92 (84.8%) patients had Gram-positive infections only, and 14 (15.2%) had mixed infections. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus in 43 (55.8% of the patients with microbial isolation), 25.6% of which methicillin-resistant; Staphylococcus epidermidis in 13 (16.9%), 53.8% of which methicillin-resistant; Enterococcus faecalis in 11 (14.3%). The main reason for the dalbavancin choice was the intent to simplify the antibiotic regimen (81.5% of cases). A multidisciplinary team participated in the treatment choice process for 53 (57.6%) patients. Dalbavancin was given as first-line antibiotic in 34 (37.0%) patients and administered as one infusion in 32 (34.8%), and as two infusions in 39 (42.4%). In total, 57/62 (91.9%) eligible patients with available assessment were judged clinically cured or improved at the end of observation. CONCLUSION: In clinical practice, dalbavancin was used in diabetic patients to treat ABSSSIs and other difficult-to-treat infections with a favourable safety profile and a high rate of positive clinical responses.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Diabetes Mellitus , Teicoplanina , Adulto , Humanos , Itália , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Teicoplanina/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency characterized by decreased immunoglobulins and recurrent infections. Its aetiology remains unknown, and some patients present with severe non-infectious autoimmune or inflammatory complications with elevated associated morbimortality. Recently, intestinal dysbiosis has been proposed as a driver of immune dysregulation. In this study, we assessed the oral, respiratory, and gastrointestinal microbiota of 41 CVID patients (24 with dysimmune and 17 with infection complications) and 15 healthy volunteers using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore associations between microbiome profiles and CVID phenotypes. Profound differences in the composition of the microbiota in saliva, sputum, and stool were detected between dysimmune CVID patients and healthy individuals. Globally, respiratory species diversity and faecal bacterial richness were lower in CVID individuals with immune complications. Although a single species could not be identified as a robust predictor of dysimmunity, a combination of around 5-7 bacterial species in each type of sample could predict this severe phenotype with an accuracy of around 90% in the study population. Our study provides new insights into these previously unexplored but highly interrelated ecological niches among themselves and with patient profiles. Our data suggest that this disease-related systemic dysbiosis could be implicated in the immune dysregulation associated with severe cases of CVID.
Assuntos
Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Disbiose , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Bactérias/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The increasing use of biologics in the treatment of inflammatory diseases has led to more cases of leishmaniasis in patients subjected to iatrogenic immunosuppression. The main objective was to describe the characteristics of the patients with cutaneous (CL) or mucocutaneous (MCL) leishmaniasis who were receiving a biological therapy at the time of diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study was design based on a cohort of patients diagnosed with CL or MCL. All patients who were being treated with biologicals were included. For each case, two matched non-exposed patients were included for comparison. RESULTS: 38 patients were diagnosed with CL or MCL while being treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. Leishmaniasis presented more frequently as a plaque (58.3%) with a larger median lesion size (2.5 cm), ulceration (92.1%), and required a greater median number of intralesional meglumine antimoniate infiltrations (3 doses) (P < 0.05) than in non-exposed patients. We found no systemic involvement in patients being treated with anti-TNF-α. We did not find differences regarding the treatment characteristics whether biologic therapy was modified or not. CONCLUSIONS: Although management should be individualized, maintenance of biologic therapy does not seem to interfere with treatment of CL or MCL.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea , Humanos , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral , Antimoniato de Meglumina/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Monkeypox is a zoonosis that is spread mainly through direct contact with fluids and skin lesions of infected people with vesicles still active. Although the virus was isolated for the first time in 1958 and the first human case was identified in a child in 1970, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the disease has progressively increased its incidence in Africa reaching in May 2022 sustained transmission outside this continent. As it is a newly introduced virus in our health system, it is necessary to learn the epidemiological pattern in a different environment from that of traditionally endemic areas and to know the available antiviral treatments, as well as the prophylactic measures that could be considered, knowing that as a virus emerging in our regions, scientific evidence is still limited. There are antivirals that have been shown, in animal models, to effectively combat the disease with very good clinical tolerance. This disease has also forced us to review the characteristics of smallpox vaccines, because they have shown a protective effect against monkeypox. For this reason, it is important to have a document that compiles all the scientific information published in this regard.
Assuntos
Mpox , Vacina Antivariólica , Criança , Animais , Humanos , Mpox/tratamento farmacológico , Mpox/epidemiologia , Mpox/prevenção & controle , Monkeypox virus , Vacina Antivariólica/uso terapêutico , África , IncidênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: We developed a survey to obtain information on the monitoring practices of major systemic antifungals for treatment and prevention of serious fungal infection. METHODS: The survey included questions relating to methodology and practice and was distributed among 137 colleagues of the Study Group of Medical Mycology (GEMICOMED) from July to December 2019. RESULTS: Monitoring was routinely carried out by most respondents, mainly for voriconazole, and was more likely used to determine the efficacy of the dose administered and less for minimizing drug toxicity. Most responders did not follow the strategies of voriconazole dosage based on CYP2C19 genotyping. Monitoring of posaconazole, itraconazole, or other azole metabolites was not carried out or scarcely demanded. Most responders rarely used flucytosine in their clinical practice nor did they monitor it. According to the answers given by some responders, monitoring isavuconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin and fluconazole exposure would be also interesting in daily clinical practice in selected patient populations. CONCLUSIONS: The survey reveals common practices and attitudes towards antifungal monitoring, sometimes not performed as per best recommendations, offering an opportunity for education and research. Appropriate use of therapeutic drug monitoring may be an objective of antifungal stewardship programmes.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Micoses , Humanos , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Voriconazol/uso terapêutico , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/microbiologia , Fluconazol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Monkeypox is a zoonosis that is spread mainly through direct contact with fluids and skin lesions of infected people with vesicles still active. Although the virus was isolated for the first time in 1958 and the first human case was identified in a child in 1970, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the disease has progressively increased its incidence in Africa reaching in May 2022 sustained transmission outside this continent. As it is a newly introduced virus in our health system, it is necessary to learn the epidemiological pattern in a different environment from that of traditionally endemic areas and to know the available antiviral treatments, as well as the prophylactic measures that could be considered, knowing that as a virus emerging in our regions, scientific evidence is still limited. There are antivirals that have been shown, in animal models, to effectively combat the disease with very good clinical tolerance. This disease has also forced us to review the characteristics of smallpox vaccines, because they have shown a protective effect against monkeypox. For this reason, it is important to have a document that compiles all the scientific information published in this regard.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Both fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab (used in combination with an antibiotic against Clostridioides difficile) achieve reductions in recurrence rates of C. difficile infection (CDI). However, the two strategies have never been compared. METHODS: Data from two retrospective cohorts of 'real-life' use of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab in combination with a standard anti-C. difficile antibiotic were used to compare the rates of recurrence of both strategies. Since the two cohorts were not identical, we used a propensity score analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred and two patients were included: 244 in the fidaxomicin cohort and 78 in the bezlotoxumab cohort. A history of renal failure or immunosuppression was more frequent in patients receiving bezlotoxumab (39.7% and 66.7% versus 26.6% and 38.9%; Pâ=â0.03 and Pâ<â0.001, respectively), but the severity and number of previous CDI episodes were similar in both cohorts. We observed that 19.3% of the patients in the fidaxomicin cohort experienced recurrence, compared with 14.1% in the bezlotoxumab cohort (OR 1.45; 95% CI 0.71-2.96; Pâ=â0.29) but the difference remained non-significant after propensity score matching using previously defined variables (OR 1.24; 95% CI 0.50-3.07; Pâ=â0.64). Moreover, the multivariate analysis did not show differences depending on the drug used. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab are prescribed in similar clinical scenarios, although those treated with bezlotoxumab have greater comorbidity. The proportion of recurrences was numerically lower in those treated with bezlotoxumab, although the propensity analysis did not find significant differences between the two drugs.
Assuntos
Infecções por Clostridium , Vancomicina , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Anticorpos Amplamente Neutralizantes , Infecções por Clostridium/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Coortes , Fidaxomicina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Vancomicina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze which are the main factors that could influence the result of a CT guided biopsy in vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) patients. METHODS: A single center retrospective observational study was performed including adult patients who had been diagnosed with VO and undergone CT guided needle biopsy from January 2010 to January 2020. Demographical features, concurrent diseases, laboratory findings, microbiological diagnosis, radiological data, medical complications, antibiotic exposure were compiled. Multivariate analysis was performed with a logistic regression comparing the patients depending on the culture result. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were included in the study. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Sample culture was positive in 43 cases (56%). Microorganism isolated were gram+(72%), gram-(14%), mycobacteria (7%) and fungi (7%). Delay in the procedure, antibiotic exposure and blood culture positivity were also similar among both groups. The biopsy results were not influenced by the CRP value, the presence of fever nor antibiotic exposure. The longer duration of back pain was associated to a lower probability of a positive culture. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study displays an acceptable reliability of CT guided needle biopsy in VO patients, even in cases under antibiotic treatment. The presence of fever or CRP values did not predict a positive culture. Delay in diagnosis could impact negatively on culture yield.
Assuntos
Biópsia Guiada por Imagem , Osteomielite , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha , Humanos , Osteomielite/diagnóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XAssuntos
Doença de Chagas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Vasculite , Autoimunidade , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Doença Crônica , HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: We developed a survey to obtain information on the monitoring practices of major systemic antifungals for treatment and prevention of serious fungal infection. METHODS: The survey included questions relating to methodology and practice and was distributed among 137 colleagues of the Study Group of Medical Mycology (GEMICOMED) from July to December 2019. RESULTS: Monitoring was routinely carried out by most respondents, mainly for voriconazole, and was more likely used to determine the efficacy of the dose administered and less for minimizing drug toxicity. Most responders did not follow the strategies of voriconazole dosage based on CYP2C19 genotyping. Monitoring of posaconazole, itraconazole, or other azole metabolites was not carried out or scarcely demanded. Most responders rarely used flucytosine in their clinical practice nor did they monitor it. According to the answers given by some responders, monitoring isavuconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin and fluconazole exposure would be also interesting in daily clinical practice in selected patient populations. CONCLUSIONS: The survey reveals common practices and attitudes towards antifungal monitoring, sometimes not performed as per best recommendations, offering an opportunity for education and research. Appropriate use of therapeutic drug monitoring may be an objective of antifungal stewardship programmes.
RESUMO
Candida auris is an emergent multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen considered a severe global threat due to its capacity to cause nosocomial outbreaks and deep-seated infections with high transmissibility and mortality. However, evidence on its pathogenicity and the complex host-pathogen interactions is still limited. This study used the in vivo invertebrate model in Galleria mellonella to assess its virulence, exploring the mortality kinetics, melanization response, and morphological changes after fungal infection compared to Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, with known high and low pathogenicity, respectively. All C. auris isolates presented less virulence than C. albicans strains but higher than that induced by C. parapsilosis isolates. Increased pathogenicity was observed in nonaggregative phenotypes of C. auris, while the melanization response of the larvae to fungal infection was homogeneous and independent of the causing species. C. auris was able to filament in the in vivo animal model G. mellonella, with aggregative and nonaggregative phenotypes presenting various pseudohyphal formation degrees as pathogenicity determinants in a strain-dependent manner. Histological invasiveness of C. auris mimicked that observed for C. albicans, with effective dissemination since the early stages of infection both in yeast and filamented forms, except for a remarkable respiratory tropism not previously observed in other yeasts. These characteristics widely differ between strains and advocate the hypothesis that the morphogenetic variability of C. auris is an indicator of its flexibility and adaptability, contributing to its emergence and rising worldwide prevalence. IMPORTANCE Candida auris is an emergent fungus that has become a global threat due to its multidrug resistance, mortality, and transmissibility. These unique features make it different from other Candida species, but we still do not fully know the degree of virulence and, especially, the host-pathogen interactions. In this in vivo insect model, we found that it presents an intermediate degree of virulence compared to known high- and low-virulence Candida species but with significant variability between aggregative and nonaggregative strains. Although it was previously considered unable to filament, we documented in vivo filamentation as an important pathogenic determinant. We also found that it is able to disseminate early through the host, invading both the circulatory system and many different tissues with a remarkable respiratory tropism not previously described for other yeasts. Our study provides new insights into the pathogenicity of an emergent fungal pathogen and its interaction with the host and supports the hypothesis that its morphogenetic variability contributes to its rising global prevalence.
Assuntos
Candida auris/fisiologia , Candida auris/patogenicidade , Candidíase/microbiologia , Mariposas/microbiologia , Animais , Candida auris/genética , Candida auris/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/microbiologia , Mariposas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenótipo , VirulênciaRESUMO
Infections caused by mucorales, with an increasing incidence after candidiasis and aspergillosis, are characterized by the fast angioinvasion of blood vessels and invasion of neighboring organs or structures. Mucorales most commonly cause rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, digestive or disseminated infections, and their spread is favored by certain underlying diseases (diabetes, kidney failure) and risk factors (neutropenia, immunosuppression, iron overload). These infections have a high mortality rate, over 40% in many series, and the key to their cure depends on both an early diagnosis and an antifungal treatment, associated in most cases with extensive surgical debridement and other adjunctive therapies. Currently, there are international guidelines, not only local ones, for the management of mucormycosis, in which it is considered by consensus and with a strong recommendation that first-line treatment with high-dose liposomal amphotericin B is the best choice. The combined antifungal treatment of polyene agents with triazoles or candins remains in open debate.
Assuntos
Aspergilose , Mucorales , Mucormicose , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Aspergilose/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Mucormicose/diagnóstico , Mucormicose/tratamento farmacológico , Triazóis/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The high cost of fidaxomicin has restricted its use despite the benefit of a lower Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence rate at 4 weeks of follow-up. This short follow-up represents the main limitation of pivotal clinical trials of fidaxomicin, and some recent studies question its benefits over vancomycin. Moreover, the main risk factors of recurrence after treatment with fidaxomicin remain unknown. We designed a multicentre retrospective cohort study among four Spanish hospitals to assess the efficacy of fidaxomicin in real life and to investigate risk factors of fidaxomicin failure at weeks 8 and 12. Two-hundred forty-four patients were included. Fidaxomicin was used in 96 patients (39.3%) for a first episode of CDI, in 95 patients (38.9%) for a second episode, and in 53 patients (21.7%) for a third or subsequent episode. Patients treated with fidaxomicin in a first episode were younger (59.9 years vs 73.5 years), but they had more severe episodes (52.1% vs. 32.4%). The recurrence rates for patients treated in the first episode were 6.5% and 9.7% at weeks 8 and 12, respectively. Recurrence rates increased for patients treated at second or ulterior episodes (16.3% and 26.4% at week 8, respectively). Age greater than or equal to 85 years and having had a previous episode of CDI were identified as recurrence risk factors at weeks 8 and 12. We conclude that the outcomes with fidaxomicin in real life are at least as good as those observed in clinical trials despite a more demanding evaluation. Be it 85 years of age or older, and the use after a first episode appears to be independent factors of CDI recurrence after treatment with fidaxomicin.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile , Infecções por Clostridium , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Clostridioides , Infecções por Clostridium/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Coortes , Fidaxomicina , Humanos , Recidiva , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical, radiological and microbiological characteristics of vertebral osteomyelitis patients, analysing the factors that played a role on their outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Single-centre retrospective observational study including patients diagnosed with vertebral osteomyelitis, based on the combination of clinical presentation with either a definitive bacteriological diagnosis and/or imaging studies. RESULTS: 116 adult patients were included with a mean age of 62.75 (14.98) years. Males predominated (68.10%). Eighteen patients (15.51%) were immunosuppressed. The most frequent symptom was back pain (99.14%) followed by fever, which was detected in 45 patients (38.79%). Puncture-aspiration or biopsy was performed in 84 patients (72.10%) and its culture was positive in 48 samples (57.14%). Gram positive species predominated (73.86%) on cultures, followed by Gram negative (12.5%), mycobacteria (10.23%) and fungi (3.41%). No microorganism was identified in 28 patients (24.14%). On imaging, most of the patients (92.24%) had paravertebral or epidural abscess. 63 cases (54.31%) showed vertebral destruction and 39 (33.62%) cord compression. Twenty-two patients (18.97%) required further surgical procedures and 13 (11.21%) died. CONCLUSIONS: The average patient is middle aged (often male) with a history of subacute back pain, sometimes presenting fever and/or neurological damage on diagnosis. Acute phase reactants are frequently raised. Diabetes mellitus, endocarditis and immunosuppressed patients may have the worst chance of a good outcome, therefore these patients should be more carefully managed (always try to obtain an imaging-guided biopsy, correct antibiotic treatment, and a functional and clinical follow-up).
Assuntos
Abscesso Epidural , Osteomielite , Adulto , Dor nas Costas/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteomielite/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Tedizolid has demonstrated its efficacy and safety in clinical trials; however, data concerning its tolerability in long-term treatments are scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the indications and to describe the long-term safety profile of tedizolid. A multicentric retrospective study of patients who received tedizolid for more than 6 days was conducted. Adverse events (AEs) were identified from patients' medical records and laboratory data. The World Health Organization causality categories were used to discern AEs that were probably associated with tedizolid. Eighty-one patients, treated with tedizolid 200 mg once daily for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of 28 (14 to 59) days, were included; 36 (44.4%) had previously received linezolid. The most common reasons for selecting tedizolid were to avoid linezolid potential toxicities or interactions (53.1%) or due to previous linezolid-related toxicities (27.2%). The most common indications were off-label, including prosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis, and respiratory infections (77.8%). Overall, 9/81 patients (11.1%) experienced a probably associated AE. Two patients (2.5%) developed gastrointestinal disorders, 1 (1.2%) developed anemia, and 6 developed thrombocytopenia (7.4%) after a median (IQR) duration of treatment of 26.5 (17 to 58.5) days. Four (5%) patients discontinued tedizolid due to AEs. Among 23 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), the rate of myelotoxicity was 17.4%, and only 8.7% had to stop tedizolid; 20 out of 22 with previous linezolid-associated toxicity had no AE. Long-term tedizolid treatments had good tolerance with rates of gastrointestinal AE and hematological toxicity lower than those reported with linezolid, particularly in patients with CRF and in those with a history of linezolid-associated toxicity.
Assuntos
Dermatopatias Bacterianas , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Organofosfatos/efeitos adversos , Oxazóis , Oxazolidinonas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , TetrazóisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis, considered by the World Health Organization as one of the most important tropical diseases, is endemic in the Mediterranean Basin. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cutaneous (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain. The particular focus was on diagnosis techniques and clinical differences according to the immunological status of the patients. METHODS: An eleven-year retrospective observational study of CL and MCL episodes at the hospital was performed. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic variables of each case, together with the microbiological and anatomopathological diagnosis, were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients were included, 30 of them were male and 28 were immunocompetent. Most of the cases (36/42) were diagnosed in the last 5 years (2013-2017). The incidence of CL and MCL increased from 3.6/100,000 (2006-2012) to 13.58/100,000 (2013-2017). The majority of the patients (37/42) exhibited CL, in 30 cases as single lesions (30/37). Ulcerative lesions were more common in immunosuppressed patients (13/14) than in immunocompetent patients (20/28), (P = 0.2302). The length of lesion presence before diagnosis was 7.36 ± 6.72 months in immunocompetent patients and 8.79 ± 6.9 months in immunosuppressed patients (P = 0.1863). Leishmania DNA detection (92.3%) was the most sensitive diagnostic technique followed by Giemsa stain (65%) and histopathological examination (53.8%). Twelve patients (12/42) had close contact with dogs or were living near to kennels, and 10 of them did not present underlying conditions. Intralesional glucantime (21/42) and liposomal amphotericin B (7/42) were the most common treatments administered in monotherapy. All patients evolved successfully and no relapse was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Some interesting clinical and epidemiological differences were found in our series between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Future studies can take these results further especially by studying patients with biological therapy. Skin biopsies combining NAAT with histological techniques are the most productive techniques for CL or MCL diagnosis.
Assuntos
Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea , Administração Cutânea , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/imunologia , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/patologia , Masculino , Antimoniato de Meglumina/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Candida auris is an emerging, multidrug-resistant yeast causing hospital outbreaks. This study describes the first 24 months of the ongoing C. auris outbreak in our hospital and analyzes predisposing factors to C. auris candidemia/colonization. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A 12-month prospective, case-controlled study was performed including a total of 228 patients (114 colonized/candidemia and 114 controls). Data from the first 79 candidemia episodes and 738 environmental samples were also analyzed. Definitive C. auris identification was performed by ITS sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility was carried out by EUCAST methodology. RESULTS: Polytrauma (32%), cardiovascular disease (25%), and cancer (17%) were the most common underlying condition in colonized/candidemia patients. Indwelling CVC (odds ratio {OR}, 13.48), parenteral nutrition (OR, 3.49), and mechanical ventilation (OR, 2.43) remained significant predictors of C. auris colonization/candidemia. C. auris was most often isolated on sphygmomanometer cuffs (25%) patient tables (10.2%), keyboards (10.2%), and infusion pumps (8.2%). All isolates were fully resistant to fluconazole (MICs >64 mg/L) and had significantly reduced susceptibility to voriconazole (GM, 1.8 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS: Predictor conditions to C. auris colonization/candidemia are similar to other Candida species. C. auris colonizes multiple patient's environment surfaces. All isolates are resistant to fluconazole and had significant reduced susceptibility to voriconazole.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidemia/tratamento farmacológico , Surtos de Doenças , Adulto , Idoso , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candidemia/microbiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estado Terminal , Farmacorresistência Viral , Feminino , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Voriconazol/farmacologiaRESUMO
We present a case from Valencia, Spain, of a 25-year-old woman who presented with a painful erythematous skin lesion, initially diagnosed as cellulitis. The lesion was unresponsive to antibiotic treatments and progressed into a hemorrhagic blister with necrotic ulcer formation. Posterior collection of a spider from the patient's home and expert identification of the spider as Loxosceles rufescens was achieved, establishing the diagnosis of probable cutaneous loxoscelism. Symptomatic treatment, general wound care and ultimately surgery, resulted in complete recovery with minor residual scarring. This case illustrates some of the difficulties encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of loxoscelism and adds to the increasing reports of loxoscelism in the Mediterranean Basin.