Early detection of hypo/hyperglycemia using a microneedle electrode array-based biosensor for glucose ultrasensitive monitoring in interstitial fluid.

Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease with a wide range of clinical symptoms and consequences and one of the main causes of death. For the management of diabetes, painless and continuous interstitial fluid (ISF) glucose monitoring is ideal. Here, we demonstrate continuous diabetes monitoring using an integrated microneedle (MN) biosensor with an emergency alert system. MNs are a novel technique in the field of biomedical engineering because of their ability to analyze bioinformation with minimal invasion. In this work we developed a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based MN glucose sensor. The device was produced by the 3D printing technique, microfabrication, electrodeposition, and enzyme immobilization step. The in vitro test for the glucose MN sensor showed a linear range from 1.5 to 14 mM with a sensitivity of 1.51 µA mM-1, limit of detection (LOD) of 0.35 mM and good selectivity. Highly repeatable sensing is observed with good reproducibility. The interference-free detection of glucose in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of ascorbic acid, uric acid, and mannose is demonstrated, along with the operational stability of the array. After resolving the biofouling consequences linked to on-body sensing, this MN platform would be appealing for minimally invasive electrochemical glucose monitoring. An alert is sent to confidants via email or SMS when the values are abnormal. The application is also able to display the recorded values in the form of a graph to help determine the state of health of the user over a period of time. It can be concluded that continuous monitoring and an emergency alert system are important for keeping an eye on diabetic patients and can send alert in case of an abnormal situation of the patient.

Simultaneous quantification of simeprevir sodium: A hepatitis C protease inhibitor in binary and ternary mixtures with sofosbuvir and/or ledipasvir utilizing direct and H-point standard addition strategies.

Simeprevir sodium (SMV); a novel hepatitis C inhibitor, quells hepatitis C viral replication by binding to and repressing the protease, hepatitis C infection (HCV) NS3/4A. In this way, it is known as a prompt acting antiviral agent. Calibration curves of SMV were built in various solvents; ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform and dichloromethane. It is obeyed up to 60.0 µg/mL; in all solvents at two maximum wavelengths (280 and 327 nm). Several investigations show that, SMV might be present in a mixture of Sofosbuvir (SOF) and/or Ledipasvir (LDP). So far as that is concerned, H-point standard addition strategy (HPSAS) is made to identify it in binary or ternary mixtures. Recovery studies are in the prevalent range (93.0-107.0%) with relative standard deviation <1.5%. A correlation between the developed techniques is carried out and it demonstrates that these strategies are effectively applied for the simultaneous analysis of SMV, SOF and LDP in several synthetic samples and pharmaceutics. Statistical treatment of the acquired data is carried out against a newly published HPLC technique using F- and t-treatments.