RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: An original case of DRESS syndrome is reported herein with a particular cutaneous presentation and etiology. OBSERVATION: A 52-year-old man developed a febrile pustular rash after being treated with methotrexate and celecoxib for inflammatory rheumatism and with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid over the previous 2 days. Eighty percent of his body surface was covered with pustular infiltrated plaques. On the following days, the patient developed persistent fever, with polyadenopathy, hepatic cytolysis, eosinophilia, interstitial lung disease and cardiac involvement. Cutaneous biopsy was consistent with a drug eruption. Epstein Barr Virus PCR was positive. A diagnosis of DRESS syndrome was made with a RegiSCAR score above 5. Systemic corticosteroids were given, resulting in cessation of the fever and complete recovery with regard to dermatosis, laboratory abnormalities and cardiac function. DISCUSSION: The present case is original, with a febrile pustular eruption mimicking acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and cardiac anomalies with electrical changes and impairment of ventricular function. Epstein Barr Virus may have played a role in the presentation. No previous cases of DRESS syndrome caused by methotrexate have been described. Amoxicillin was probably not involved in the present case of DRESS syndrome as it was taken for only two days, but its role as a co-factor in association with the EBV viral reactivation should not be ruled out. CONCLUSION: We report an original case of DRESS syndrome in terms of pustular cutaneous presentation and cardiac impairment. EBV reactivation associated with amoxicillin may be suspected.