Embryotoxic Effects of Pesticides in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Diflubenzuron, Pyriproxyfen, and Its Mixtures.

Diflubenzuron (DFB) and pyriproxyfen (PPF) are larvicides used in crops to control insect plagues. However, these pesticides are known to impact non-target organisms like fish and mammals. Here, we aimed at assessing the embryotoxicity of purified DFB, PPF, and their mixtures in a non-target organism-zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations for 120 h: 0.025, 0.125, 0.25, 1.25, 2.5, and 10 mg/L of purified PPF and purified DFB, while we used 0.025 mg/L PPF + 10 mg/L DFB (Mix A), 0.125 mg/L PPF + 10 mg/L DFB (Mix B), and 0.25 mg/L PPF + 10 mg/L DFB (Mix C) for the mixtures of PPF + DFB. We observed mortality, teratogenicity, and cardiotoxicity. For the neurotoxicity tests and evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the brain, embryos were exposed for 120 h to 0.379 and 0.754 mg/L of PPF and 0.025 and 0.125 mg/L of DFB. We established the LC50 for PPF as 3.79 mg/L, while the LC50 for DFB was not determinable. Survival and hatching were affected by PPF concentrations above 0.125 mg/L, DFB concentrations above 1.25 mg/L, and the lower pesticide mixtures. PPF exposure and mixtures induced different types of malformations, while a higher number of malformations were observed for the mixtures, suggesting a potentiating effect. Pesticides diminished avoidance responses and increased the levels of ROS across all concentrations, indicating neurotoxicity. Our findings underscore the detrimental impact of PPF and DFB exposure, spanning from biochemistry to morphology. There is a critical need to reconsider the global use of these pesticides and transition to more ecologically friendly forms of pest control, raising an alarm regarding repercussions on human and animal health and well-being.

Catheter-Related Right Atrial Endocarditis in a Dialysis Patient.

Hemodialysis catheters are frequently used for vascular access in end-stage chronic kidney disease patients lacking mature arteriovenous fistula. The incidence of infective endocarditis in hemodialysis patients is higher than in the general population and is associated with severe and potentially life-threatening complications. A high index of suspicion is imperative for early diagnosis and timely intervention to enhance the prognosis of this high-mortality condition. Imaging studies, like transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, are crucial for prompt diagnosis. We present a case of a 36-year-old woman undergoing hemodialysis, whose prolonged use of a permanent catheter led to the development of infective endocarditis complicated with septic pulmonary embolism. Our case report presents an example of right atrial endocarditis with a poor outcome due to delayed diagnosis.

Methoxylated Cinnamic Esters with Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Effects on Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and malignant melanomas are highly lethal owing to their elevated metastatic potential. Despite improvements in therapeutic approaches, cancer treatments are not completely effective. Thus, new drug candidates are continuously sought. We synthesized mono- and di-methoxylated cinnamic acid esters and investigated their antitumor potential. A cell viability assay was performed to identify promising substances against A549 (non-small-cell lung cancer) and SK-MEL-147 (melanoma) cells. (E)-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (4m), a monomethoxylated cinnamic acid derivative, was identified as the lead antitumor compound, and its antitumor potential was deeply investigated. Various approaches were employed to investigate the antiproliferative (clonogenic assay and cell cycle analysis), proapoptotic (annexin V assay), and antimigratory (wound-healing and adhesion assays) activities of 4m on A549 cells. In addition, western blotting was performed to explore its mechanism of action. We demonstrated that 4m inhibits the proliferation of A549 by promoting cyclin B downregulation and cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Antimigratory and proapoptotic activities of 4m on A549 were also observed. The antitumor potential of 4m involved its ability to modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway once phosphorylated-ERK expression was considerably reduced in response to treatment. Our findings demonstrate that 4m is a promising anticancer drug candidate.

Evidence of Strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction at the Cobalt/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Interface.

The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) were measured on four series of Co films (1-2.2 nm thick) grown on Pt or Au and covered with h-BN or Cu. Clean h-BN/Co interfaces were obtained by exfoliating h-BN and transferring it onto the Co film in situ in the ultra-high-vacuum evaporation chamber. By comparing h-BN and Cu-covered samples, the DMI induced by the Co/h-BN interface was extracted and found to be comparable in strength to that of the Pt/Co interface, one of the largest known values. The strong observed DMI despite the weak spin-orbit interaction in h-BN supports a Rashba-like origin in agreement with recent theoretical results. Upon combination of it with Pt/Co in Pt/Co/h-BN heterostructures, even stronger PMA and DMI are found which stabilizes skyrmions at room temperature and a low magnetic field.

Incompletude da variável profissão/ocupação nos bancos de síndrome gripal, síndrome respiratória aguda grave e mortalidade, Brasil, 2020-2021 / Incompleteness of the profession/occupation variable in the flu-like syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome and mortality databases, Brazil, 2020-2021

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a incompletude da informação sobre profissão/ocupação nas bases de dados de síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG), síndrome gripal (SG) e no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo utilizando os bancos de dados de SRAG, SG e SIM. Calcularam-se percentuais de incompletude na variável profissão/ocupação segundo sexo, macrorregiões e unidades da federação, em 2020-2021. Resultados: o percentual de incompletude foi de 94,7% no banco de SG; 97,7% no de SRAG; e 17,0% no SIM. Em todas as macrorregiões a incompletude foi superior a 91,0% nos bancos de SG e SRAG; e superior a 13,0% no SIM. Todas as unidades da federação apresentaram percentuais de incompletude acima de 90,0% para SG; de 74,0% para SRAG; e de 6,8% para óbitos. Amapá apresentou maior percentual de incompletude na base de dados de SG (98,1%); Rio Grande do Sul (99,4%) na de SRAG; e Alagoas (45,0%) no SIM. Conclusões: observaram-se elevados percentuais de incompletude da variável profissão/ocupação nos sistemas de informação estudados. Recomenda-se uma articulação intersetorial, envolvendo representantes dos governos e dos trabalhadores, para formulação de estratégias que contornem a falta de informação sobre ocupação/profissão nas bases de dados relevantes para a vigilância em saúde.

Abstract Objective: to describe the incomplete filling out of the profession/occupation variable in the flu-like syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome and mortality databases in Brazil. Methods: descriptive study with secondary data from flu-like syndrome (FLS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and mortality databases (SIM). We calculeted the absolute and relative filling frequencies of the profession/occupation variable according to State, gender, regions, and federative units, for 2020 and 2021. Results: we found a 94.7% incompleteness on the FLS database, 97.7% of missing profession/occupation data on the SARS, and 17.0% on the SIM database. Incompleteness frequency was above 91.0% in all Brazilian regions for FLS and SARS. Incompleteness on the mortality database was over 13.0%. All federative units presented incompleteness above 90.0% for FLS, 74.0% for SARS, and 6.8% for mortality in all genders. Higher levels of missing data were found in the states of Amapá for FLS (98.1%), Rio Grande do Sul for SARS and Alagoas (45.0%) for mortality (99.4%). Conclusions: all databases showed a high incompleteness of the profession/occupation variable. We recommend an articulation between the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labor and workers' representations to solve this lack of data on occupation/profession in public databases.

Spatio-temporal analysis of infant mortality in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 2010-2019.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the spatio-temporal distribution of infant mortality and its components in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2010 and 2019. METHODS: Infant mortality rate and the neonatal and postneonatal components were estimated. The standardized mortality rate was calculated to detect excess child mortality in the planning areas. Poisson regression was performed to estimate the effect of these planning areas on the years 2010 and 2019. Spatial analysis per neighborhoods was performed to identify the spatial autocorrelation rates, using the Moran's Index and local indicator of spatial association (LISA). RESULTS: The planning areas are very heterogeneous, depending on the history and evolution of occupation. There is an excess of mortality in planning areas with greater social vulnerability. In the Poisson model, it was observed that in all components, the planning area (PA) of residence was statistically significant as well as the year. Moran's index did not show global spatial autocorrelation. However, when applying the LISA method, autocorrelation was observed at the local level and spatial clusters in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial heterogeneity of the infant mortality rate in Rio de Janeiro suggests that local health policy strategies of each region consist in an efficient measure for reducing this rate.

Efetividade de vídeo educativo no conhecimento de leigos em sala de espera sobre a reanimação cardiopulmonar / Effectiveness of an educational video on the knowledge of lay people in the waiting room about cardiopulmonary resuscitation

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de vídeo educativo no conhecimento de leigos em sala de espera de uma unidade básica de saúde acerca da reanimação cardiopulmonar. Metodologia: Estudo quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois realizado no período de maio a novembro de 2019. A amostra foi constituída por 66 pessoas que estavam em sala de espera, aguardando consulta na Unidade Básica de saúde. Para avaliar o conhecimento, foi utilizado teste teórico antes e após a intervenção educativa mediada pelo vídeo educativo "Parada cardiorrespiratória: como agir para salvar". Na análise, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e os testes de McNemar e Wilcoxon. Resultados: No pré-teste, houve mediana de acertos de 5 (Intervalo interquartílico=7), enquanto no pós-teste a mediana de acertos foi de 8 (Intervalo interquartílico=7), p<0,001. Houve melhora no conhecimento, principalmente nas questões sobre reconhecimento da PCR (p<0,001), número do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) (p<0,001), posição da vítima (p<0,001) e nível de força nas compressões (p<0,001). Conclusão: O vídeo educativo é efetivo para a melhora no conhecimento de leigos sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar e pode ser realizado na educação em saúde de pessoas em sala de espera.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del vídeo educativo sobre los conocimientos acerca de la reanimación cardiopulmonar de legos en la sala de espera de Unidad Básica de Salud. Metodología: Estudio cuasi-experimental del tipo pre y post test realizado de mayo a noviembre de 2019. La muestra consistió en 66 personas que estaban en la sala de espera, aguardando la consulta en la Unidad Básica de Salud.Para evaluar los conocimientos, se utilizó uncuestionario antes y después de la intervención educativa mediada por el vídeo educativo "Parada cardiorrespiratoria: cómo actuar para salvar". En el análisis se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y las pruebas de McNemar y Wilcoxon. Resultados: En el pre-test hubo una mediana de respuestas correctas de 5 (rango intercuartil = 7), mientras que en el post-test la mediana de respuestas correctas fue de 8 (rango intercuartil = 7), p<0,001. Hubo una mejora en los conocimientos, especialmente en las preguntas sobre el reconocimiento de la parada cardiopulmonar (p<0,001), el número de Servicio de atención móvil de emergencia (p<0,001), la posición de la víctima (p<0,001) y el nivel de fuerza de compresión (p<0,001). Conclusión: El vídeo educativo es eficaz para mejorar los conocimientos de los legos en materia de reanimación cardiopulmonar y puede utilizarse en la educación sanitaria de las personas en la sala de espera.

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational video about cardiopulmonary resuscitation on lay people in the waiting room of a basic health unit. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study of the before-and-after type conducted from May to November 2019. The sample consisted of 66 people who were in the waiting room waiting for consultation in the Basic Health Unit. To evaluate the knowledge, a theoretical test was used before and after the educational intervention mediated by the educational video "Cardiorespiratory arrest: how to act to save". Descriptive statistics and the McNemar and Wilcoxon tests were used in the analysis. Results: In the pre-test, there was a median of correct answers of 5 (interquartile range = 7), while in the post-test, the median was 8 (interquartile range = 7), p<0.001. There was an increase in knowledge, especially on the questions about CRA recognition (p<0.001), Emergency mobile care service (SAMU) number (p<0.001), victim position (p<0.001), and compression force level (p<0.001). Conclusion: The educational video is effective in improving laypersons' knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and can be used in the health education of patients in the waiting room.

Efetividade de vídeo educativo no conhecimento de leigos em sala de espera sobre a reanimação cardiopulmonar

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de vídeo educativo no conhecimento de leigos em sala de espera de uma unidade básica de saúde acerca da reanimação cardiopulmonar. Metodologia: Estudo quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois realizado no período de maio a novembro de 2019. A amostra foi constituída por 66 pessoas que estavam em sala de espera, aguardando consulta na Unidade Básica de saúde. Para avaliar o conhecimento, foi utilizado teste teórico antes e após a intervenção educativa mediada pelo vídeo educativo "Parada cardiorrespiratória: como agir para salvar". Na análise, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e os testes de McNemar e Wilcoxon. Resultados: No pré-teste, houve mediana de acertos de 5 (Intervalo interquartílico=7), enquanto no pós-teste a mediana de acertos foi de 8 (Intervalo interquartílico=7), p<0,001. Houve melhora no conhecimento, principalmente nas questões sobre reconhecimento da PCR (p<0,001), número do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) (p<0,001), posição da vítima (p<0,001) e nível de força nas compressões (p<0,001). Conclusão: O vídeo educativo é efetivo para a melhora no conhecimento de leigos sobre ressuscitação cardiopulmonar e pode ser realizado na educação em saúde de pessoas em sala de espera.

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del vídeo educativo sobre los conocimientos acerca de la reanimación cardiopulmonar de legos en la sala de espera de Unidad Básica de Salud. Metodología: Estudio cuasi-experimental del tipo pre y post test realizado de mayo a noviembre de 2019. La muestra consistió en 66 personas que estaban en la sala de espera, aguardando la consulta en la Unidad Básica de Salud.Para evaluar los conocimientos, se utilizó uncuestionario antes y después de la intervención educativa mediada por el vídeo educativo "Parada cardiorrespiratoria: cómo actuar para salvar". En el análisis se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y las pruebas de McNemar y Wilcoxon. Resultados: En el pre-test hubo una mediana de respuestas correctas de 5 (rango intercuartil = 7), mientras que en el post-test la mediana de respuestas correctas fue de 8 (rango intercuartil = 7), p<0,001. Hubo una mejora en los conocimientos, especialmente en las preguntas sobre el reconocimiento de la parada cardiopulmonar (p<0,001), el número de Servicio de atención móvil de emergencia (p<0,001), la posición de la víctima (p<0,001) y el nivel de fuerza de compresión (p<0,001). Conclusión: El vídeo educativo es eficaz para mejorar los conocimientos de los legos en materia de reanimación cardiopulmonar y puede utilizarse en la educación sanitaria de las personas en la sala de espera.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational video about cardiopulmonary resuscitation on lay people in the waiting room of a basic health unit. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study of the before-and-after type conducted from May to November 2019. The sample consisted of 66 people who were in the waiting room waiting for consultation in the Basic Health Unit. To evaluate the knowledge, a theoretical test was used before and after the educational intervention mediated by the educational video "Cardiorespiratory arrest: how to act to save". Descriptive statistics and the McNemar and Wilcoxon tests were used in the analysis. Results: In the pre-test, there was a median of correct answers of 5 (interquartile range = 7), while in the post-test, the median was 8 (interquartile range = 7), p<0.001. There was an increase in knowledge, especially on the questions about CRA recognition (p<0.001), Emergency mobile care service (SAMU) number (p<0.001), victim position (p<0.001), and compression force level (p<0.001). Conclusion: The educational video is effective in improving laypersons' knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and can be used in the health education of patients in the waiting room.

Spatio-temporal analysis of infant mortality in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 2010-2019 / Análise espaço-temporal da mortalidade infantil no município do Rio de Janeiro, 2010-2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the spatio-temporal distribution of infant mortality and its components in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2010 and 2019. Methods: Infant mortality rate and the neonatal and postneonatal components were estimated. The standardized mortality rate was calculated to detect excess child mortality in the planning areas. Poisson regression was performed to estimate the effect of these planning areas on the years 2010 and 2019. Spatial analysis per neighborhoods was performed to identify the spatial autocorrelation rates, using the Moran's Index and local indicator of spatial association (LISA). Results: The planning areas are very heterogeneous, depending on the history and evolution of occupation. There is an excess of mortality in planning areas with greater social vulnerability. In the Poisson model, it was observed that in all components, the planning area (PA) of residence was statistically significant as well as the year. Moran's index did not show global spatial autocorrelation. However, when applying the LISA method, autocorrelation was observed at the local level and spatial clusters in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Conclusions: The spatial heterogeneity of the infant mortality rate in Rio de Janeiro suggests that local health policy strategies of each region consist in an efficient measure for reducing this rate.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a distribuição espaçotemporal da mortalidade infantil eseus componentes no município do Rio de Janeiro nos anos de 2010 e 2019. Métodos: Estimamos a taxa de mortalidade infantil e os componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal. Calculamos a taxa de mortalidade padronizada para detectar excesso de mortalidade infantil nas áreas de planejamento e realizamos regressão de Poisson para estimar o efeito dessas áreas nos anos de 2010 e 2019. Efetuamos análise espacial por bairros para detectar autocorrelação espacial das taxas, com uso do índice de Moran e do indicador local de associação espacial (LISA). Resultados: As áreas de planejamento são muito heterogêneas em função da história e da evolução da ocupação. Há excesso de mortalidade nas áreas de planejamento com maior vulnerabilidade social. No modelo de Poisson, observamos que em todos os componentes a área de planejamento de residência teve significância estatística, assim como o ano. O índice de Moran não mostrou autocorrelação espacial global. Contudo, ao aplicarmos o método LISA, observou-se autocorrelação em nível local e aglomerados espaciais no município do Rio de Janeiro. Conclusões: A heterogeneidade espacial da taxa de mortalidade infantil no Rio de Janeiro sugere que estratégias locais de políticas de saúde para cada região são uma medida eficiente para sua redução.

Endorectal formalin instillation or argon plasma coagulation for hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy therapy: a prospective and randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Radiotherapy may cause hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy (HRP). For conservative treatment of refractory HRP, argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the first-choice therapy. Endorectal formalin instillation (EFI), in turn, is an attractive treatment option because of its satisfactory results, great availability, and low cost. Nevertheless, comparative studies between these procedures are rather scarce. This study aims to make a prospective and randomized comparison of the outcomes in 2 HRP patient groups treated with either APC or EFI. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients (11 women), with a mean age of 67 years (range, 36-83), were randomized to receive either APC (n = 14) or EFI (n = 13). On completion of the treatment, comparisons were made in relation to the baseline for each patient and between groups for endoscopic findings according to the Vienna score and the telangiectasia distribution pattern score (TDP); the impact of radiation proctitis on patients' lives was made according to the modified radiation toxicity score (MRTS) and hemoglobin levels. Number of sessions, duration of therapy, and adverse events were also compared between groups. The endoscopic therapeutic success (ETS) was defined by the absence or only few residual telangiectasias (TDP ≤1) on conclusion. RESULTS: An ETS of 92.8% was achieved in patients treated with APC and 92.3% for those treated with EFI (P > .05); there was an MRTS improvement of 85.7% in APC patients and 69.2% in EFI patients (P > .05). Mild adverse events occurred, respectively, in 23% and 28.5% in the EFI and APC groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that APC and EFI have similar efficacy and a high safety profile for HRP treatment. (Clinical trial registration number: 3.120.353.).

Questões demográficas atuais e implicações para o modelo de atenção à saúde no Brasil / Current demographic issues and implications for the health care model in Brazil

Resumo Introdução A vigilância em saúde é um modelo de atenção à saúde que articula e integra ações em saúde pública. Para tal, é fundamental conhecer os processos de dinâmica populacional que determinam o regime demográfico. Objetivo Descrever a dinâmica populacional nos últimos 15 anos e analisar projeções para os próximos 15 anos. Método Trata-se de estudo ecológico que analisou e projetou dados do Brasil e grandes regiões para o período de 2000 a 2030. Estimaram-se indicadores de estrutura etária, longevidade e padrão e nível de mortalidade, natalidade e fecundidade para o período. Resultados Observa-se no Brasil como um todo que a mortalidade e a fecundidade seguem em declínio, com diferenciais importantes entre as regiões brasileiras. Destacam-se a diferença no ritmo de envelhecimento populacional, a mudança no padrão de fecundidade e a tendência para a mortalidade no período. Ainda, evidencia-se, por meio das projeções, que a curto prazo não se vê redução dessas desigualdades regionais. Conclusão Discutiu-se que a vigilância em saúde precisa integrar as complexas dimensões do processo saúde-doença relacionadas a essas mudanças, construindo políticas públicas intersetoriais que entendam os determinantes sociais da saúde como conformadores do território, no contexto das transições demográfica e epidemiológica.

Abstract Background Health surveillance is a health care model that combines public health actions. To this end, it is fundamental to know the population dynamics processes that determine the demographic regime. Objective To describe the population dynamics in the past 15 years and analyze their projections for the next 15 years. Method This is an ecological study that analyzed and projected data from Brazil as a whole and its regions between 2000 and 2030. Indicators of age structure, longevity, and standard and level of mortality, birth and fertility were estimated for this period. Results In Brazil as a whole, mortality and fertility will continue to decline, with important differences between Brazilian regions. Difference in the rhythm of population aging, change in the pattern of fertility, and trend for mortality in the period are highlighted. The projections also evidence that there will be no reduction in these regional inequalities in the short term. Conclusion It is discussed that health surveillance needs to combine the complex dimensions of the health-disease process related to these changes, building intersectoral public policies that incorporate social determinants of health as territorial conformers in the context of demographic and epidemiological transitions.

Perfil, trajetórias e saúde de solicitantes de refúgio atendidos pela Cáritas Arquidiocesana do Rio de Janeiro entre 2016 e 2017 / Profile, trajectories and health of asylum seekers assisted by Cáritas Arquidiocesana of Rio de Janeiro between 2016 and 2017

Barcos de imigrantes sobrecarregados, tragédias de navios naufragados, grande quantidade de pessoas atravessando a pé fronteiras entre países e intermináveis listas de óbitos tornaram-se rotina. Em 2017, existiam 68,5 milhões de migrantes forçados no mundo, dos quais 25,4 milhões de refugiados, 3,1 milhões de solicitantes de refúgio e 40 milhões de deslocados internos: a maior crise de migrantes forçados desde a segunda guerra mundial. No Brasil, no mesmo ano, houve 33.866 novas solicitações de refúgio, um aumento de 228% em relação a 2016, que se somam às 52.231 solicitações de refúgio que aguardam avaliação e decisão. A migração forçada pode ter impacto negativo direto nas condições de saúde desses indivíduos, com doenças e agravos como tuberculose, sífilis, hipertensão, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, depressão, ansiedade, transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, sequelas de torturas, mutilações e violência sexual. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, entre solicitantes de refúgio atendidos pela Cáritas Arquidiocesana do Rio de Janeiro (Cáritas-RJ) em 2016 e 2017, o perfil sociodemográfico, as trajetórias de migração e algumas condições de saúde autorrelatadas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal que utilizou dados secundários, constantes de 738 formulários referentes ao período de estudo, preenchidos na Cáritas-RJ. Foram realizadas análises descritivas das variáveis categóricas e calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas. As trajetórias do país de origem até o Brasil foram apresentadas em mapas temáticos. Foram identificados 45 países de nascimento, havia predomínio de solicitantes de refúgio e 20,3% relataram serem apátridas. A maior parte, 62,7%, era do sexo masculino, 96,9% adultos, com idade média de 30,2 anos, 73,5% solteiros, 86,9% com ensino médio ou superior e apenas 4,4% desempregados no país de origem antes da vinda para o Brasil. Entre os motivos para solicitação de refúgio, destacaram-se possuir fundado temor de perseguição por opinião política, por violação de direitos humanos e por correr risco de ser vítima de tortura. Para chegar ao Brasil, 78,8% viajaram somente de avião. 11,2% afirmaram ter alguma doença ou agravo, sendo as mais frequentes hipertensão arterial, asma, HIV/aids, diabetes, alergia, anemia, doença cardíaca e dorsalgias. Apenas 2,2% relataram fazer algum tratamento médico ou psicológico; 2,0% relaram deficiências físicas, 0,6% deficiências auditivas e 6,0% deficiências visuais. Recomenda-se que essa população seja uma das prioridades das ações de equipes de saúde, entre outros setores. Políticas públicas que podem afetar as experiências pós-migração incluem a necessidade de prestação continuada de serviços que aumentem acesso aos serviços de saúde, garantam moradia, trabalho e renda

Boats overloaded with immigrants, tragedies of wrecked ships, a great amount of people crossing borders between countries, and endless death certificates have become routine. By 2017, there were 68.5 million forced migrants worldwide, including 25.4 million refugees, 3.1 million asylum seekers and 40 million internally displaced persons, the largest crisis of forced migrants since the Second World War. In the same year, in Brazil, there were 33,866 new requests for refuge, an increase of 228% compared to 2016, which adds up to the 52,231 requests for refuge awaiting evaluation and decision. Forced migration may have a direct negative impact on the health status of these individuals, with diseases and conditions such as tuberculosis, syphilis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, torture, mutilation and sexual violence. The objective of this study was to analyze the socio-demographic profile, migration trajectories and some self-reported health conditions among refugee applicants cared for by Caritas Archdiocesan of Rio de Janeiro (Cáritas-RJ) in 2016 and 2017. A cross-sectional study was carried out using secondary data, consisting of 738 forms related to the study period completed in Caritas-RJ. Descriptive analysis of categorical variables was conducted, as well as the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies. The trajectories from the country of origin to Brazil were presented in thematic maps. 45 countries of birth were identified, asylum seekers were predominant and 20.3% reported being stateless. The majority, 62.7%, were male, 96.9% were adults, with an average age of 30.2 years old, 73.5% were single, 86.9% were with high school or higher degree and only 4.4% unemployed in the country of origin before coming to Brazil. Among the reasons for requesting shelter were the fear of persecution for political opinion, for violation of human rights and for being at risk of torture. To arrive in Brazil, 78.8% traveled only by airplane. 11.2% reported having some disease or injury, being the most frequent hypertension, asthma, HIV/aids, diabetes, allergy, anemia, heart disease and back pain. Only 2.2% reported having medical or psychological treatment; 2.0% reported physical disabilities, 0.6% hearing impairments and 6.0% visual impairments. Recommended that this population be one of the priorities of the actions of health teams, among other sectors. Public policies that may affect post-migration experiences include the need for continued provision of services that increase access to health services, guaranteeing housing, work, and income

Evaluation of estrogen receptor expression in low-grade and high-grade astrocytomas.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare estrogen receptor expression between low and high-grade astrocytomas. METHOD: A study using paraffin blocks of glial tumors from the Anatomy Pathology archives of São Marcos Hospital was carried out and began after approval by the Review Board of the Federal University of Piaui. Specimens were histochemically marked with an anti-ER alpha antibody. Brown-stained nuclei were considered positive, regardless of reaction intensity. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean percentage of nuclei stained with anti-ER alpha in low-and high-grade astrocytomas was 0.04 and zero, respectively, while Spearman's correlation showed a strong negative association between low and high-grade tumors (p<0.001) and (r= -0.67), respectively. CONCLUSION: In the current study, estrogen receptor expression was positive only in low-grade astrocytomas and nil in high-grade astrocytomas, showing that ER expression declines with the grade of tumor malignancy.

Evaluation of estrogen receptor expression in low-grade and high-grade astrocytomas

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare estrogen receptor expression between low and high-grade astrocytomas. METHOD: A study using paraffin blocks of glial tumors from the Anatomy Pathology archives of São Marcos Hospital was carried out and began after approval by the Review Board of the Federal University of Piaui. Specimens were histochemically marked with an anti-ER alpha antibody. Brown-stained nuclei were considered positive, regardless of reaction intensity. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean percentage of nuclei stained with anti-ER alpha in low-and high-grade astrocytomas was 0.04 and zero, respectively, while Spearman's correlation showed a strong negative association between low and high-grade tumors (p<0.001) and (r= −0.67), respectively. CONCLUSION: In the current study, estrogen receptor expression was positive only in low-grade astrocytomas and nil in high-grade astrocytomas, showing that ER expression declines with the grade of tumor malignancy.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a expressão do receptor de estrogênio entre astrocitomas de baixo e alto grau. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo usando blocos de parafina de tumores gliais dos arquivos de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital São Marcos e iniciado após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Os espécimes foram marcados histoquimicamente com anticorpo anti-ER alpha. Os núcleos corados em marrom foram considerados positivos, independentemente da intensidade da reação. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney e a correlação de Spearman. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A porcentagem média de núcleos corados com anti-ER alfa em astrocitomas de baixo e alto grau foi de 0,04 e zero, respectivamente, enquanto a correlação de Spearman mostrou uma forte correlação negativa entre tumores de baixa e alta qualidade (p<0,001) e (r=-0,67), respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: No presente estudo, a expressão do receptor de estrogênio foi positiva apenas em astrocitomas de baixo grau e nula em astrocitomas de alto grau, mostrando que a expressão de ER diminui com o grau de malignidade tumoral.

Optical Magnetometry of Single Biocompatible Micromagnets for Quantitative Magnetogenetic and Magnetomechanical Assays.

The mechanical manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles is a powerful approach to probing and actuating biological processes in living systems. Implementing this technique in high-throughput assays can be achieved using biocompatible micromagnet arrays. However, the magnetic properties of these arrays are usually indirectly inferred from simulations or Stokes drag measurements, leaving unresolved questions about the actual profile of the magnetic fields at the micrometer scale and the exact magnetic forces that are applied. Here, we exploit the magnetic field sensitivity of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond to map the 3D stray magnetic field produced by a single soft ferromagnetic microstructure. By combining this wide-field optical magnetometry technique with magneto-optic Kerr effect microscopy, we fully analyze the properties of the micromagnets, including their magnetization saturation and their size-dependent magnetic susceptibility. We further show that the high magnetic field gradients produced by the micromagnets, greater than 104 T·m-1 under an applied magnetic field of about 100 mT, enables the manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm inside living cells. This work paves the way for quantitative and parallelized experiments in magnetogenetics and magnetomechanics in cell biology.

Avaliação microbiológica e higienicossanitária do leite in natura comercializado na cidade de Teresina, PI / Microbiological and hygienicosanitary evaluation of fresh milk marketed in the city of Teresina, PI

O leite é um dos alimentos mais consumidos no mundo, pois é completo, rico em nutrientes necessários para saúde dos seres vivos. Este alimento exige controle e preocupação com a segurança da matéria-prima e do produto beneficiado. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a qualidade microbiológica do leite comercializado in natura na cidade de Teresina - Piauí bem como as condições higienicossanitárias dos ambientes que o comercializa. Foram analisadas seis amostras de leite in natura comercializadas em duas vacarias, sendo três amostras de cada vacaria. Para análise das amostras foi utilizada a técnica de Pour plate em ágar padrão para determinação de UFC/mL e Caracterização através da bacterioscopia e preenchimento do checklist para avaliação das condições higienicossanitárias. Os resultados foram comparados com a RDC nº 62/2011 e revelaram crescimento em todas as amostras analisadas, observou-se que na primeira diluição da amostra 1, houve contaminação por mesófilos acima dos limites permitidos, porém, quando obtida a média das colônias, percebeu-se que estava dentro do valor estabelecido pela Normativa. Já a vacaria 2, apresentou contaminação acima dos valores permitidos em todas as amostras. O checklist utilizado nesse estudo permitiu pontuar questões importantes sobre as condições de higiene das vacarias que comercializam o leite in natura em Teresina-PI. A partir dele verificou-se que recomendações e pontos importantes preconizados pela legislação para a produção do leite de boa qualidade são desrespeitados como por exemplo, cuidados com o local, os animais e os utensílios de ordenha, a limpeza do local de ordenha, dos equipamentos e os cuidados de coleta e armazenamento. Os resultados ressaltam a importância de boas práticas na produção do leite bem como a melhoria nas condições higiênicas das instalações, pois a higienização é um fator determinante na redução da quantidade de micro-organismos contaminantes.

Milk is one of the most consumed foods in the world as it is complete, rich in nutrients needed for the health of living things. This food requires control and concern for the safety of the raw material and the product benefited. The present study aimed to verify the microbiological quality of the milk commercialized in natura in the city of Teresina - Piauí as well as the sanitary and sanitary conditions of the environments that commercialize it. Six samples of in natura milk commercialized in two farms were analyzed, being three samples of each vacaria. For the analysis of the samples the Pour plate technique was used in standard agar for the determination of CFU / mL and characterization through bacterioscopy and filling of the checklist for the evaluation of hygienic and sanitary conditions. The results were compared with RDC No. 62/2011 and showed growth in all the analyzed samples, it was observed that in the first dilution of sample 1, there was contamination by mesophiles above the allowed limits, however, when obtained the average of the colonies, noticed it was within the value established by the Normative. On the other hand, cow 2 presented contamination above the values allowed in all samples. The checklist used in this study allowed us to point out important questions about the hygiene conditions of the cattle that market the raw milk in Teresina-PI. From it, it was found that recommendations and important points recommended by the legislation for the production of good quality milk are disrespected, for example, care of the place, animals and milking utensils, cleaning of the milking place, equipment and the care of collection and storage. The results highlight the importance of good practices in milk production as well as the improvement of the hygienic conditions of the facilities, since hygiene is a determining factor in reducing the amount of contaminating microorganisms.

Velocity Enhancement by Synchronization of Magnetic Domain Walls.

Magnetic domain walls are objects whose dynamics is inseparably connected to their structure. In this Letter, we investigate magnetic bilayers, which are engineered such that a coupled pair of domain walls, one in each layer, is stabilized by a cooperation of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and flux-closing mechanism. The dipolar field mediating the interaction between the two domain walls links not only their position but also their structure. We show that this link has a direct impact on their magnetic-field-induced dynamics. We demonstrate that in such a system the coupling leads to an increased domain wall velocity with respect to single domain walls. Since the domain wall dynamics is observed in a precessional regime, the dynamics involves the synchronization between the two walls to preserve the flux closure during motion. Properties of these coupled oscillating walls can be tuned by an additional in-plane magnetic field enabling a rich variety of states, from perfect synchronization to complete detuning.

Review of Polymorphism of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene and Breast Cancer Risk.

Polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR or CaR) has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. This receptor plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, and has also been detected in several tissues that are unrelated to calcium metabolism, such as the skin, brain, and breast. The calcium-sensing receptor on cellular level, it regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, cell death, and gene expression. In breast cancer cells, CaSR seems to stimulate secretion of the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which stimulates cellular proliferation. Likewise, some studies have supported not only an association between calcium receptor gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk, but also a higher aggressiveness and unfavorable outcomes in breast cancer, which led us to make a survey in Pubmed on the subject in the last 10 years. Thus, in the literature there is a paucity of studies on the subject and the aim of this review was to show the role of calcium-sensing receptor and its association with breast cancer risk.

Genetic polymorphism of calcium-sensing receptor in women with breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a disease of unknown etiology, whose major risk factors are genetic alterations. Polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been a focus of some recent studies, due to a probable association with breast cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness. A relationship between polymorphic rs17251221 variant of the CaSR gene, and allele G (considered a gain-of-function mutation) and breast cancer risk has been stressed, despite the paucity of studies found in the literature. The present study involved 137 women (69 women with breast cancer-case; and 68 controls without breast cancer) who had 3 ml of peripheral blood drawn for DNA study. Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes by genotyping technique with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The AG genotype (rs17251221) was present in 13 women (18.84%) from the case group and in 8 (11.76%) women from the control group (p = 0.3434), while the GG genotype (rs17251221) did not occur in any group. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the AG genotype of variant rs17251221 in premenopausal case and control women (p = 0.71). There was also no statistically significant difference between postmenopausal case and control patients (p = 0.6851). In the current study, CaSR gene polymorphism of SNP variant rs17251221 did not show any statistically significant association with breast cancer, in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.