Tear Film Conditions and Depression Symptoms in Persons with Obesity.

Most persons with obesity who have undergone gastric bypass surgery present depressive symptoms. Depression and anxiety have been associated with tear film disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between tear film conditions and depression symptoms in patients subjected to bariatric surgery. The participants completed a Patient Health Questionnaire to detect depression symptoms. The break-up time and Schirmer test were subsequently applied; the measurements were performed three times, and the average time was subsequently recorded. The results revealed that the Schirmer test score and PH-9 score were negatively correlated, but this was not the case for the break-up time test. Depression symptoms may correlate with lower tear production from the principal tear gland, but they may not have the same effect on meibomian gland production in adults undergoing bariatric surgery. In addition to routine control, bariatric surgery patients should be periodically evaluated by an ophthalmologist and/or psychologist who is aware of potential comorbidities. Furthermore, the observed association between depression symptoms and tear deficiencies highlights the importance of further investigations to gain a better understanding of these mechanisms.

Diagnóstico de la evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor de Medicina General Integral

Introducción: La evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor es vital para elevar la calidad del proceso educativo. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el estado actual de la evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor de Medicina General Integral. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal, con enfoque mixto, entre marzo y septiembre de 2022, en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez, de Colón, en la provincia de Matanzas. Variable: el desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor de Medicina General Integral. Unidades de estudio: 78 tutores, 275 residentes y 44 directivos. Dimensiones: cognoscitiva, procedimental y comportamental. Métodos: teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; empíricos: análisis documental, encuesta, entrevista, observación; estadísticos: medidas de resumen para variables cualitativas y cuantitativas: frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Procedimientos: parametrización, triangulación metodológica. Resultados: Se identificaron problemas según las dimensiones cognoscitiva (poco dominio de las modalidades de educación en el trabajo y en la didáctica en la tutoría; poca preparación en metodología de la investigación y en buscadores de información científica en salud), procedimental (no correspondencia entre actividades presenciales y las de tutoría, poco nivel para planificar, ejecutar y controlar actividades), y comportamental (poca participación en superación relacionada con la tutoría, en eventos y poca producción científica). Las potencialidades se identificaron según las dimensiones procedimental (nivel de integración de conocimientos; promoción de cooperación y trabajo en equipo; relación entre temas de investigación y el banco de problemas del policlínico), y comportamental (nivel en que estimula el reforzamiento de valores y la ética médica; promoción de empatía y comunicación efectiva con el residente). Conclusiones: El diagnóstico permitió identificar problemas y potencialidades del objeto estudiado. Se propone una alternativa propia de las ciencias de la educación médica para resolver el problema científico, que es la elaboración de una metodología.

Introduction: The evaluation of the professional pedagogical performance of the tutor is vital to raise the quality of the educative process. Objective: To diagnose the current status of the professional pedagogical performance of the tutor of Comprehensive General Medicine. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research, with mixed approach, was carried out between March and September 2022, in the Campus of Medical Sciences Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez, from Colon, in the province of Matanzas. Variable: professional pedagogical performance of the tutor of Comprehensive General Medicine. Units of study: 78 tutors, 275 residents and 44 members of the management staff. Dimensions: cognitive, procedural, and behavioral. Methods: theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; empirical methods: documentary analysis; surveys; interviews; observation. Statistical methods: summary measures for qualitative and quantitative variables; absolute and relative frequencies. Procedures: parameterization, methodological triangulation. Results: Problems were identified according to the cognitive dimensions (little mastery of the modalities of education at work and tutorship didactics; little training in research methodology and in search engines for scientific information in health); procedural dimension: no correspondence between face-to-face and tutoring activities, low level of planning, executing and controlling activities); and behavioral dimension (little participation in upgrading activities related to tutorship, in events, and little scientific production). Potentialities were identified according to procedural dimensions (level of knowledge integration; promotion of cooperation and teamwork promotion; relationship between research topics and policlinic's problem bank), and behavioral (level at which it stimulates the reinforcement values and medical ethics; promotion of empathy and effective communication with the resident). Conclusions: The diagnosis allowed the authors to identify problems and potentialities of the object studied. An alternative specific of the medical education sciences is proposed to solve the scientific problem, which is the elaboration of a methodology.

Construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar el desempeño pedagógico del tutor de Medicina General Integral

Introducción: Para evaluar resulta imprescindible la construcción de herramientas en función de establecer resultados medibles. Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento para evaluar el desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Materiales y métodos: Enfoque mixto, diseño transversal analítico. Métodos: teóricos: análisis y síntesis, inducción-deducción, enfoque sistémico; empíricos: análisis documental, encuesta a tutores y residentes, observación y criterio de expertos; estadísticos: estadística descriptiva (valores absolutos y porcentuales), coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, coeficiente W de Kendall. Procedimientos: parametrización y triangulación metodológica. Fases: revisión bibliográfica, parametrización, análisis de validez de contenido, confiabilidad y aplicabilidad. Resultados: Se elaboró un instrumento con tres dimensiones (cognoscitiva, procedimental y comportamental) y 19 indicadores. Se seleccionaron 15 expertos. Más del 70 % evaluaron los ítems según los criterios de Moriyama en la categoría Mucho. El cálculo del coeficiente W de Kendall sugirió una alta concordancia entre los jueces. El instrumento final contó con 18 ítems. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach resultó en 0,83 (alta confiabilidad). Con su aplicación se identificaron siete problemas y seis potencialidades, lo cual demostró su validez en la práctica para el diagnóstico. Conclusiones: El instrumento construido evidenció buenas condiciones de validez teórica y práctica, lo cual permitirá direccionar las acciones de superación para los tutores de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. También puede complementar la evaluación profesoral, al particularizar en el cumplimiento de las funciones del tutor.

Introduction: To evaluate, the construction of tools able to establish measurable results is essential. Objective: To build and validate an instrument to evaluate the professional pedagogical performance of the tutor of the Comprehensive General Medicine specialist. Materials and methods: Mixed approach, cross-sectional, analytical design. Theoretical methods: analysis and synthesis; induction-deduction; systemic approach. Empirical methods: documentary analysis; survey to tutors and residents; observation, and experts' judgment. Statistical methods: descriptive statistics (absolute and percentage value), Cronbach Alpha coefficient; Kendall's W coefficient. Procedures: parametrization and methodological triangulation. Phases: bibliographic review; parametrization; analysis of content validity; reliability, and applicability. Results: An instrument was developed with three dimensions (cognitive, procedural and behavioral) and 19 indicators. 15 experts were chosen. More than 70% evaluated the items according to Moriyama criteria in the category A lot. The calculation of the Kendall's W coefficient suggested a high concordance between judges. The final instrument had 18 items. Cronbach Alpha coefficient resulted in 0.83 (high reliability). With its application, seven problems and six potentialities were identified, which demonstrated its validity in practice for diagnostic. Conclusions: The built document showed good conditions of theoretical and practical validity, which will allow directing the training actions for the tutors in the specialty of Comprehensive General Medicine. It can also complement the professorial evaluation, by particularizing in the fulfillment of the tutor's functions.

Importancia social de la preparación pedagógica del tutor en la formación del médico general integral

Introducción: la figura del tutor es de vital importancia en la formación del especialista en medicina general integral. Objetivo: fundamentar la importancia del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor en la formación del especialista en medicina general integral en la sociedad cubana. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un análisis documental a partir de una búsqueda sobre el tema, de enero de 2020 a agosto de 2022, en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO, y en el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas web -en español, portugués e inglés- que hicieran referencia al tema a través del título. Fueron excluidos los artículos que no cumplieron con estas condiciones. Conclusiones: la medicina familiar es eminentemente social, por su objeto y misión en la comunidad, de ahí que garantizar la formación de profesionales integrales que involucren en su desarrollo los contenidos y habilidades de la especialidad, junto a valores y formas de actuación acorde con los principios de la sociedad socialista, supondrá una mayor resolutividad de los problemas de salud de la población y, por ende, una mayor calidad de vida.

Introduction: the figure of the tutor is of vital importance in the training of the specialist in comprehensive general medicine. Objective: to base the importance of the professional pedagogical performance in the training of the specialist in comprehensive general medicine in Cuban society. Materials and methods: a documental analysis was carried out froma search on the subject, from January 2020 to August in PubMed and SciELO databases and in the Google Scholar search engine. Review and research articles and web pages-in Spanish, Portuguese and English-that referred to the subject in the title were evaluated. Articles that did not meet this condition were excluded. Conclusions: family medicine is eminently social, due to its objective and mission in the community, hence guaranteeing the training of comprehensive professionals who involve the contents and skills of the specialty in their development, along with values and forms of action in accordance with the principles of the socialist society, will suppose a better resolution of the health problems of the population, and therefore, a better quality of life.

South African nose flies (Diptera, Calliphoridae, Rhiniinae): taxonomy, diversity, distribution and biology.

Background: Rhiniinae (Diptera, Calliphoridae) is a taxon of nearly 400 known species, many of them termitophilous. Approximatelly 160 valid species in 16 genera are Afrotropical, with over 60 of them occurring in South Africa. The taxonomy of this group is outdated, as most studies of the South African taxa were conducted 40 to 70 years ago (mostly by Salvador Peris and Fritz Zumpt). Published information on their biology and ecology is also scarce. New information: An annotated checklist of 73 species of Rhiniinae for South Africa was developed, based on the holdings of sixteen entomological collections in Africa, Europe and North America. Over 3,700 specimens were examined, revealing nine new species records for South Africa (Cosminaundulata Malloch, 1926, Isomyiacuthbertsoni (Curran, 1938), Rhyncomyabotswana Zumpt, 1974, R.tristis Séguy, 1933, Stomorhinaapta Curran, 1931, S.malobana (Lehrer, 2007), Thoraciteskirkspriggsi Kurahashi, 2001, Th.sarcophagoides Kurahashi, 2001 and Trichoberialanata (Villeneuve, 1920)). We propose one new combination Eurhyncomyiametzi (Zumpt, 1981) comb. nov. (= Rhyncomyametzi Zumpt, 1981)). Additionally, evidence is presented to remove Rhyncomyaviduella Villeneuve, 1927 stat. rev. from synonymy with Rhyncomyacassotis (Walker, 1849). Relevant novel biological and seasonality information, historical occurrence maps and high-definition photographs for each species are compiled.

Microplastics and hydrocarbons in soils: Quantification as an anthropic carbon source.

The literature on the presence of microplastics (MPs) and their potential impact on terrestrial ecosystems is still scarce. Interestingly, soil MPs are detected as organic carbon (SOC) using traditional quantification methods (e.g., loss on ignition [LOI]), although its dynamics in the environment will be different. The objective of this study was to quantify the carbon (C) contribution of MPs to the SOC in superficial soil samples from a coastal urban wetland (Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina) with the features of a humid subtropical forest and compare with hydrocarbon contribution. Soil samples were split for analysis of moisture content; texture (sieve and pipet method); organic matter as a LOI (8 h at 450 °C); total hydrocarbons (THCs; gravimetry of solvent extractable matter); n-alkanes (solvent extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis); and extraction of MPs (floatation in NaClaq , filtration, H2 O2 digestion, and visual sorting under a stereomicroscope). The superficial soil was a sandy clay loam with a large organic matter content (19%-30%). The THC averaged 2.5 ± 1.9 g kg and the marked predominance of odd-numbered carbon n-alkanes maximizing at C29 and C31 show the contribution of the terrestrial plant waxes. The average number of MPs was 587 ± 277 items kg of dry soil, predominantly fibers. Taking account of the C content, THCs and MPs add to the soil 1.23 ± 1.10 ton C ha and 0.10-0.97 ton C ha, respectively. Therefore, in this system with humid forest characteristics, the MPs represent between 0.12% and 1.25% of soil estimated carbon, in a magnitude similar to the C contribution of THCs (0.6%-4.2%). This preliminary study shows the relevance of discriminating MPs from other carbon sources and presents a description of their impact on soils to advance future research or tools for decision-makers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:698-705. © 2022 SETAC.

Conocimientos sobre medidas de bioseguridad ante la COVID-19 en estudiantes de Enfermería / Knowledge about biosecurity measures against COVID-19 in nursing students

Fundamento: los riesgos que implica el quehacer de los profesionales de la salud en el ejercicio de su práctica cotidiana demandan incorporar los elementos concernientes a la bioseguridad a sus funciones. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimiento y la aplicación de las normas de bioseguridad en estudiantes de enfermería ante la COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal durante el mes de octubre de 2020 en el Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico "Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández" y el Hospital Pediátrico "Eliseo Noel Camaño" de Matanzas. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: cuestionario y el análisis documental. Resultados: a través de la aplicación del cuestionario se obtuvo que el 100 % de los estudiantes tienen un adecuado conocimiento sobre el lavado y secado de las manos, el 83,3 % mostró conocimientos adecuados sobre el uso de equipos de protección personal, mientras que el 100 % conoce el uso del nasobuco en la atención a pacientes con infección respiratoria, además se pudo conocer que el 55,5 % hacen uso de los medios de protección siempre, y el 45,5 % solo lo usan algunas veces. Conclusiones el nivel de conocimiento y la aplicación de las normas de bioseguridad en estudiantes de enfermería ante la COVID-19 fueron en su mayoría adecuados, lo que implica diseñar una capacitación sobre el tema dirigida a aquellos que la necesiten.

Background: the risks involved in the work of health professionals in the exercise of their daily practice demand the incorporation of elements concerning biosafety into their functions. Objective: to determine the level of knowledge and the application of biosafety standards in nursing students while facing COVID-19. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during the month of October 2020 at the "Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández" Clinical-Surgical Hospital and the "Eliseo Noel Camaño" Pediatric Hospital in Matanzas. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical and inductive-deductive; and empirical ones: questionnaire and documentary analysis. Results: through the implentation of the questionnaire, it was obtained that 100% of the students have adequate knowledge about washing and drying their hands, 83.3% showed adequate knowledge about the use of personal protective equipment, while 100% know the use of the facemask in the care of patients with respiratory infection, in addition it was possible to know that 55.5% always use the means of protection, and 45.5% only use it sometimes. Conclusions: the level of knowledge and the application of biosafety standards in nursing students before COVID-19 was mostly adequate, which implies designing training on the subject aimed at those who need it.

Propuesta de superación para el tutor de enfermería en la Atención Primaria de Salud / A Professional Upgrading Proposal for the Nursing Tutor in Primary Healthcare

Introducción: El enfermero que se desempeña como tutor en la Atención Primaria de Salud tiene como responsabilidad propiciar la formación integral del estudiante que tiene a su cargo. Objetivo: Diseñar una propuesta de superación para el perfeccionamiento de la labor del tutor de enfermería en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Se efectuó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Juan Guiteras Gener de Matanzas durante el curso escolar 2017 - 2018, con una muestra de 22 tutores de enfermería provenientes de la Atención Primaria de Salud del municipio de Matanzas. Se analizaron los documentos que avalan el trabajo metodológico de los metodólogos y directivos en la educación en el trabajo. Se diseñó una encuesta dirigida a tutores para la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje y una guía de observación a las actividades de educación en el trabajo en la Atención Primaria de Salud y entrevista a metodólogos y directivos, se seleccionaron 26 expertos para la valoración de la propuesta. Resultados: Con las encuestas aplicadas a los tutores y las observaciones efectuadas a las actividades en la educación en el trabajo se determinaron las necesidades de aprendizaje. Las entrevistas realizadas a los metodólogos y directivos corroboraron la necesidad de la propuesta. Conclusiones: Se diseñó una propuesta de superación para el perfeccionamiento de la labor del tutor de enfermería en la Atención Primaria de Salud que aborda las necesidades develadas. Los expertos valoraron la propuesta como adecuada, factible y aplicable(AU)

Introduction: The nurse who works as a tutor in primary healthcare has the responsibility of promoting the comprehensive formation of the student under her or his charge. Objective: To design a professional upgrading proposal for improving the work of the nursing tutor in primary healthcare. Methods: A developmental research was carried out at Dr. Juan Guiteras Gener School of Medical Sciences in Matanzas, during the 2017-2018 academic year, with a sample of 22 nursing tutors from primary healthcare from Matanzas Municipality. The documents supporting the methodological work of methodologists and managers of education at work were analyzed. A survey addressed to tutors was designed to identify the learning needs, as well as a guide for the observation of the activities of education at work in primary healthcare and an interview to be applied with methodologists and managers. Twenty-six experts were selected for the proposal evaluation. Results: The learning needs were determined with the surveys applied to the tutors and the observations made to the activities of education at work. The interviews conducted with methodologists and managers corroborated the need for the proposal. Conclusions: A professional upgrading proposal was designed for improving the work of the nursing tutor in primary healthcare, addressing the unveiled needs. The experts assessed the proposal as adequate, feasible and applicable(AU)

La evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor del residente de Medicina General Integral / Compliance with the recommendations for physical activity set by the WHO by public bicycle users in a Spanish municipality

Introducción: La evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor es vital para elevar la calidad del proceso educativo. Objetivo: Definir la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor en la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión documental de enero a diciembre de 2020. Se utilizaron la base de datos Pubmed y la biblioteca científica electrónica SciELO, así como el buscador de información científica Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas Web que tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia al tema de estudio a través del título. Desarrollo: Se identificaron regularidades entre los autores de la comunidad científica de la Educación Avanzada: proceso vinculado con los objetos de la pedagogía desde la actuación y el comportamiento de los especialistas con funciones docentes como tutores; se realiza a partir del cumplimiento de los objetivos y métodos propios de su contenido de trabajo; se refiere a ejercer las actividades con cuidado, precisión, exactitud, profundidad, originalidad y rapidez, y está asociado con el proceso de profesionalización. Conclusiones: Se definió la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral como un proceso sistemático, continuo y flexible que permite comprobar, medir y valorar el cumplimiento de las funciones, acciones y tareas que se expresan en el modo de actuación profesional del tutor desde lo relacionado con el saber, saber hacer y saber ser, en correspondencia con las exigencias actuales en el contexto de la educación en el trabajo(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor is vital to raise the quality of the educational process. Objective: To define the evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine. Material and Methods: A literature review was carried out from January to December 2020. Database Pubmed, the scientific electronic library SciELO, and Google Scholar were used. Review articles, research articles, and Web sites published less than 10 years ago in both Spanish and English that made reference to the topic through the title were evaluated. Development: Regularities among authors from the scientific community in Advanced Education were identified: process related to the objects of pedagogy from the action and behavior of specialists with the teaching roles of tutors, which starts from the fulfillment of the objectives and own methods of the work content, and refers to undertake the activities carefully to ensure precision, accuracy, depth, originality, and speed all of which is associated with the professionalization process. Conclusions: The evaluation of the pedagogical professional performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine is defined as a systematic, continuous, and flexible process that allows to check, measure, and evaluate the fulfillment of the functions, actions, and tasks expressed in the professional performance of the tutor from knowing, knowing how to do, and knowing how to be in accordance with the current requirements within the context of in-service training(AU)

Estimation of PMI for human remains wrapped in a blanket, with first report of Puliciphora rufipes (Phoridae) and Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Muscidae) outdoors in SE Spain.

The estimation of the minimum value of the postmortem interval is affected by well-known abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity, and others relating to the crime scene (e.g. the presence of direct sunlight or shade, immersion in water). However, there are few published data related to other variables that may exist, such as the presence of different insect species, wrapping of the body, or the presence or absence of maggot masses or predatory larvae. In this paper, a case report is presented in which the corpse of a homeless person was partially wrapped in a blanket. The corpse was found outdoors, in an open area in the province of Alicante (SE Spain). Empty puparia of different species of Diptera were collected during the autopsy. According to the insect development data, the minimum postmortem period was estimated and the influence of different factors, especially the effect of being wrapped in the blanket and the presence of the puparia of different species, was discussed. The entomological evidence includes the first record of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) (Diptera: Muscidae) in outdoor conditions, and Puliciphora rufipes Silva Figueroa, 1916 (Diptera: Phoridae), which has not previously been recorded on human remains.

El rol del tutor en la formación del especialista de Medicina General Integral / The Tutor's Role in the Training of the Specialist in Family and Community Medicine

Introducción: La figura del tutor tiene vital importancia en la formación del especialista de Medicina General Integral. Objetivo: Valorar los antecedentes de la función del tutor en la formación del especialista de MGI en Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis documental, a partir de una búsqueda de literatura relevante sobre el tema de enero de 2019 a enero de 2020. Se utilizaron los buscadores de información científica Pubmed, Scielo y Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas web que tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia al tema de estudio a través del título. Fueron excluidos los artículos que no cumplieron con estas condiciones. Esto permitió el estudio de 83 referencias bibliográficas, de las cuales 34 se citaron en el presente artículo. Conclusiones: La labor del tutor en la formación del especialista de Medicina General Integral constituye un eje primordial para la formación de los residentes como regulador de la estrategia y ritmo del sistema de enseñanza y aprendizaje, acorde al contexto histórico en el que se han desarrollado y evolucionado los diferentes planes de estudio de la especialidad(AU)

Introduction: The tutor's role is of vital importance in the training of the specialist in family and community medicine. Objective: To assess the background about the tutor's role in the training of the specialist in family and community medicine in Cuba. Method: A document analysis was carried out, based on a search of relevant literature about the subject from January 2019 to January 2020. The scientific information search engines Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar were used. Review articles, research articles and web pages were assessed, of the were published within the last ten years old, in Spanish, Portuguese and English, and that made reference to the topic of study through the title. Articles that did not meet these conditions were excluded. These criteria allowed the study of 83 bibliographic references, of which 34 were cited in the present article. Conclusions: The tutor's work is a cornerstone in the training of the specialist in family and community medicine, as far as it is a regulator of the strategy and rhythm of the teaching and learning system, according to the historical context in which the different programs of studies for the specialty have been developed and evolved(AU)

Coexistence and intraguild competition of Chrysomya albiceps and Lucilia sericata larvae: case reports and experimental studies applied to forensic entomology.

The larval development of Chrysomya albiceps and Lucilia sericata is a well-known and valuable tool for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). The third instar larvae of Ch. albiceps are facultative predators of the larvae of other necrophagous dipterans, and this behaviour is undoubtedly an important factor to consider. Both species are found together during human autopsies in Spain and other parts of Europe, where they cohabit, so a precise knowledge of their larval coexistence data is essential. The aim of this study is to investigate their coexistence and the intraguild predation of Ch. albiceps on L. sericata under experimental conditions and in real case reports. To analyse intra- and interspecific competition, four densities were used under controlled abiotic conditions [25ºC, 60-70% RH and 12:12 (D:N)]. The experimental data were compared with data corresponding to their coexistence in natural conditions, so annual activity and forensic case reports for both species were studied. The results indicate that the mortality of immature specimens in both species, the preimaginal developmental time, and adult size were affected by competition. In natural conditions, adult coexistence during the spring-summer period was confirmed. The simultaneity of the two species colonising human corpses is frequent in the studied area, with Ch. albiceps being the dominant species, and L. sericata the relevant species for estimating the minimum postmortem interval.

First Life Table of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) From Palearctic Region for Analyzing the Effect on Its Dispersal Ability.

To better understand the population dynamics and dispersal ability of insect species, it is often helpful to derive a life table containing fundamental demographic data. The aim of this study was to determine a life table for the predatory necrophagous species Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) on a pig liver diet and under controlled laboratory conditions (29.5 ± 2. 5°C, RH 50 ± 15%, and a photoperiod of 12:12). This species has medical and veterinary importance and its distribution extends in tropical and subtropical areas and now it has been established in the southwestern of Europe. The mean adult longevity was 36. 18 ± 2. 06 d and the net reproduction rate, R, was 27.65 offspring/female, the mean generation time, T, was 22. 09 d, the finite rate of increase, λ, was 1. 16 d-1, and the intrinsic rate of increase, r, was 0. 15 d-1. These results indicate that S. nudiseta cannot be considered an r-strategist as the most common synanthropic necrophagous blowflies due to its predatory behavior; however, its invasive and colonist abilities are discussed. This is the first life table study of this species from Palearctic region to analyze the effect of its dispersal ability.

Situación actual de la formación doctoral en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas / Current situation of doctoral training at the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas

RESUMEN Introducción: dentro de las formas organizativas de la formación académica se destaca el doctorado, regulado en la legislación del Sistema Nacional de Grados Científicos. A pesar de existir una estrategia actualizada de formación doctoral en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas y en el resto de las instituciones docente-asistenciales de la provincia, se gradúan pocos doctores. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la situación actual de la formación doctoral en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación diagnóstica con un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo del campo de la gestión universitaria. Se emplearon métodos teóricos como el análisis y la síntesis de la información y el sistémico estructural, y empíricos como revisión documental de diferentes informes, bases de datos y convenios. Resultados: más de la mitad de los doctores laboran en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Los de las carreras de la salud constituyen menos de la mitad, mientras que el perfil pedagógico ocupa el segundo lugar. La relación entre doctorado y categoría docente, maestría, categoría investigativa y segundo grado de especialidad con el grado científico es muy baja, y en ninguno de los casos rebasa el 5 %. En la cantera doctoral ocurre lo mismo. Conclusiones: la formación de doctores en Ciencias en determinadas áreas del conocimiento en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, ha sido insuficiente a lo largo de los años, y en la actualidad continúa comprometida; sin embargo, la reorganización de la cantera doctoral y los convenios establecidos pueden ayudar a revertir la situación (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the doctorate stands out within the organizational forms of academic training; it is regulated in the legislation of the National System of Scientific Degrees. Despite the existence of an updated doctoral training strategy in the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas and of the rest of the health care teaching institutions of the province, few science doctors are graduated. Objective: to reflect on the current situation of doctoral training at the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas. Materials and methods: a diagnostic research with a quantitative-qualitative approach was carried out in the field of university management. Theoretical methods like information analysis and synthesis were used, and also the systemic structural one and empirical like documental review of different reports, databases and agreements. Results: more than half of science doctors work in the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas. The science doctors of the health care specialties are less than half of them, while the pedagogical profile is on the second place. The relationship between doctorate and teaching category, masters' degree, research category, and second grade specialty to the scientific degree is very low, and in no case exceeds 5%. The same occurs in the doctoral reserve. Conclusions: the training of doctors of sciences in some fields of the knowledge has been inadequate in the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas for many years, and currently is still compromised; nevertheless, the organization of doctoral reserve and the established agreements can help to revert the situation (AU).

Revision of the Afrotropical genus Fainia Zumpt, 1958, with notes on the morphology of Rhiniidae subfamilies (Diptera, Oestroidea).

The taxonomy and diversity of Fainia Zumpt, 1958, an exclusive Afrotropical genus, had not been reviewed recently. The genus included six nominal species, but the status of several of them was debated. Identification of most Fainia species depends on characters of the male terminalia; females are poorly known and, in several cases, are not adequately diagnosed. We conducted a taxonomic revision of the genus and generated identification tools. Based on the study of type material and specimens available in entomological collections in Africa and Europe, we recognise here three of the six species as valid (F. albitarsis (Macquart, 1846), F. elongata (Bezzi, 1908) and F. inexpectata Zumpt, 1973). We also provide an identification key to both sexes, redescriptions of the species, updated distribution records and high resolution photographs of males' and females' habitus and male terminalia. The description of Fainia kagerana Lehrer, 2007a nom. nud. is an invalid nomenclatural act in terms of ICZN Article 13.1.1. Based on examinations of their holotypes, F. sambura Lehrer, 2008 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of F. albitarsis; F. kirinyaga Lehrer, 2007b syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of F. inexpectata; and Fainia giriama Lehrer, 2007b is moved from the genus Fainia to the genus Rhinia Robineau-Desvoidy, as Rhinia giriama (Lehrer, 2007b) comb. nov.. We propose two apomorphies that support the status of the subfamily Rhiniinae.

Review of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) as a useful tool in forensic entomology.

Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) is a synanthropic muscid found in tropical and subtropical zones around the world. The larvae of this species are a secondary agent of myiasis with necrophagous habits and play an important role in forensic entomology, as they are used as an indicator of post-mortem interval. Adults can be considered vectors of etiological agents such as Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. Due to its ability to adapt to different environmental conditions, its high dispersal capacity (shown by its introduction to Europe), its predatory habits in the last larval stage and the difficulty of identifying it, a very important goal is to update our knowledge about this species. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to review the identification, geographical distribution and biology of this species in order to provide better support to investigations involving this fly.

Efectividad de intervención enfermera en capacidad de adaptación-afrontamiento de cuidadores de operados de cáncer cerebral con cambios conductuales / Effectiveness of a Nursing Intervention regarding the Adaptation-Coping Capacity of Caregivers of Patients Operated on for Bran Tumor with Behavioral Changes

Introducción: Es alta la incidencia de familiares cuidadores de operados de cáncer cerebral con trastornos conductuales que no tienen adecuada adaptación-afrontamiento, requiriendo de la intervención enfermera. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención de Enfermería en la capacidad de adaptación y afrontamiento de familiares cuidadores de adolescentes y jóvenes operados de cáncer cerebral con cambios conductuales. Métodos: Estudio preexperimental con pretest postest, en el Hospital Universitario "Faustino Pérez Hernández", Matanzas, Cuba, durante 2018. Universo de 93 familiares cuidadores. Información obtenida de la variable capacidad de adaptación-afrontamiento, con Escala ECAPS, la intervención de enfermería se sustentó en los cuatro modos adaptativos de la teoría de Callista Roy. La información se procesó con distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas, porcentaje, media, desviación típica, varianza, valor mínimo y máximo, la asociación entre variables se obtuvo con la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon. con regla de decisión: Si p ≤ 0.05 se rechaza Ho. Resultados: La capacidad de adaptación-afrontamiento de familiares cuidadores de operados de cáncer cerebral con cambios conductuales cambió entre las mediciones efectuadas antes y después de la intervención de enfermería basada en la teoría de Roy. (z=-8,391, p < 0,05) Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería basada en el modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy fue efectiva en la capacidad de adaptación y afrontamiento de familiares cuidadores de adolescentes y jóvenes operados de cáncer cerebral con cambios conductuales(AU)

Introduction: There is a high incidence of family caregivers of patients operated on for brain tumor with behavioral disorders who do not manifest satisfactory adaptation or coping, therefore requiring nursing intervention. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a nursing intervention in adaptation and coping capacity of family caregivers of adolescents and young people operated on for brain tumor with behavioral changes. Methods: Pre-experimental study with pre- and post-test carried out, during 2018, at Faustino Pérez Hernández University Hospital of Matanzas, Cuba. The universe was 93 family caregivers. The information was obtained from the variable adaptation-coping capacity, using the Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS); the nursing intervention was based on the four modes of adaptation defined within Callista Roy's theory. The information was processed using distributions of absolute frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, variance, minimum and maximum values. The association between variables was obtained using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test, under the decision rule If P ≤ 0.05, then Ho is rejected. Results: The adaptation-coping capacity of family caregivers of patients operated on for brain tumor with behavioral changes was different between the measurements made before and after the nursing intervention based on Roy's theory (z=-8.391, P < 0.05) Conclusions: The nursing intervention based on Callista Roy's adaptation model was effective with regard to the adaptation and coping capacity of family caregivers of adolescents and young people operated on for brain tumor with behavioral changes(AU)

Wing morphometrics for identification of forensically important blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Iberian Peninsula.

Calliphoridae is a family of Diptera of great forensic interest because some of its species belong to the sarcosaprophagous diptera community, as their larvae are necrophagous or necrophilous. In the Iberian Peninsula there are six species that stand out, as they are the first insects to arrive at carrion: Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia sericata, Lucilia caesar, Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysomya megacephala. To differentiate among these blowflies, we compared the value of using traditional and geometric morphometrics by performing a morphometric analysis of the wings (shape and size). A total of 600 individuals were considered, segregated by species and sex equally. Seventeen landmarks per wing were recognized, and then centroid size and shape analyses were performed using geometric morphometrics, and size using traditional morphometrics, to identify species and sex. The results showed differences in shape among the species and it was found that landmarks 2 to 11 were the most variable, while the landmarks located at the base of the wings were relatively stable. However, according to both traditional and geometric morphometrics, no significant differences were found among species in wing size (Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya megacephala and Lucilia caesar were indistinguishable), but females were larger than males (except for the two Chrysomya species). Our results indicate that the use of geometric morphometrics to analyze wing configuration (shape) is an easy-to-use tool that helps to distinguish among common blowfly species of forensic importance.

Cuaderno complementario sobre Estudio de la ideología y la política para técnicos de la salud / Complementary notebook about the Study of ideology and policy for health technicians

RESUMEN Fundamento: en las carreras de las ciencias técnicas que se estudian en las universidades médicas se imparte la asignatura Estudio de la Ideología y la Política con el fin de enseñar al estudiante el devenir histórico-lógico del pueblo cubano, y su ejemplo y trascendencia para el mundo. Objetivo: elaborar un cuaderno complementario para el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes con actividades de carácter desarrollador y de evaluación del aprendizaje. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez" en Colón, Matanzas, durante los cursos escolares 2016-2017 y 2017-2018. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo y sistémico-estructural; y empíricos: análisis documental del programa y las orientaciones metodológicas, y encuesta en forma de entrevista a profesores para corroborar si la bibliografía recomendada era suficiente para el cumplimiento de los objetivos previstos y si favorece el estudio independiente de los contenidos de la asignatura. El cuaderno fue valorado por criterio de especialistas. Resultados: se evidenció un déficit bibliográfico para su estudio, sus contenidos están dispersos en varios textos lo cual dificulta el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes, por lo que fue confeccionado un cuaderno complementario que contiene tres unidades y varias actividades en correspondencia con el cumplimiento de los objetivos del programa. Conclusiones: el material contribuye a solucionar las insuficiencias detectadas y fue valorado por criterio de especialistas como pertinente, novedoso y útil; constituye una herramienta esencial para apoyar el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes y la evaluación del aprendizaje.

ABSTRACT Background: in technical science careers that are studied in medical universities, the Study of Ideology and Politics subject is taught with the aim of teaching the historical-logical evolution of the Cuban people, and its example and transcendence for the world, to the students. Objective: to create a supplementary notebook for the independent work of students with activities of developmental character and learning evaluation. Methods: at the "Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez" Medical Sciences Subsidiary in Colón, Matanzas, a development research was carried out during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 academic years. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic method, inductive-deductive method and systemic-structural method; and empirical methods: documentary analysis of the program and the methodological guidelines, and an interview survey with teachers to verify whether the recommended bibliography was sufficient for the fulfillment of the foreseen objectives and whether it helps the independent study of the subject contents. The supplementary notebook was evaluated according to the criteria of specialists. Results: for this study a bibliographical deficit was evident, contents were scattered in several texts which made the independent work of students difficult, so a supplementary notebook which contains three units and several activities was made in such a way the objectives of the program were fulfilled. Conclusions: the supplementary notebook contributes to solve the insufficiencies were found and it was valued by specialists as pertinent, novel and useful; it is an essential tool to support the independent work of students and learning assessment.