Late post-arthroscopy hip instability. Diagnosis, treatment, and 5-year follow-up: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Hip instability following arthroscopy is a rare complication with a clinical spectrum ranging from gross dislocation (macro-instability) to micro-instability, characterized by pain and limitation for daily activities. Therefore, it should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis in patients experiencing persistent pain after hip arthroscopy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 41-year-old male presented with a history of anterior hip dislocation and macro-instability symptoms three years post-hip arthroscopy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a disruption of the anterior hip capsule. The patient initiated physiotherapy and resumed activities, but ten months later, experienced another anterior dislocation. Pain and apprehension during external hip rotation were evident. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) indicated irregularities in the anterior and superior margin of the acetabulum, while MRI arthrogram showed a rupture of the anterior capsule and deficiency in the anterior hip ligaments. Open reconstruction of the anterior capsule was performed, resulting in favorable progression over the 5-year follow-up. DISCUSSION: This case highlights post-arthroscopy hip instability with a delayed presentation, possibly linked to chronic anterior capsule deficiency and inadequate acetabular coverage. Primary capsule repair after hip arthroscopy has proven effective in reducing the occurrence of instability symptoms and reoperations. CONCLUSIONS: Post-arthroscopic hip instability may manifest immediately after surgery or several years later. Open reconstruction of the anterior capsule emerges as a successful strategy for addressing this complication, demonstrating satisfactory outcomes in a 5-year follow-up.

Results of the transition from posterolateral to anterior minimally invasive approach for total hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: The anterior minimally invasive (AMI) approach reduces soft tissue damage, risk of dislocation and enhances recovery, but it is associated with certain complications. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) through posterolateral (PL) and AMI approaches performed by the same surgeon, in order to determine the learning curve associated with this new approach. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent THA via PL and AMI approach between 2017 and 2022, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Hip fracture and oncologic patients were excluded. Demographic variables, functional scores and perioperative complications were assessed. A bivariate analysis was performed to identify differences between groups. RESULTS: Data of 124 AMI and 120 PL patients were analyzed. Demographic characteristics among groups were homogeneous. Functional outcomes at 3 months were superior for AMI (Oxford: 43 vs. 38; p < 0.05), no dislocations were identified (0% vs. 4.2%; p < 0.05) and no differences in the transfusion rate were found (6.5% AMI vs. 6.7% PL; p = 0.996). Infection rate was 4% for AMI and 3.4% for PL (p = 0.572). Surgical time was shorter for the PL approach, but the median surgical time of the last 25 AMI cases was shorter. CONCLUSIONS: The AMI approach is an excellent alternative for patients requiring THA. Although surgical time and perioperative bleeding were greater during the learning curve, this approach offers improved functional outcomes and a lower dislocation rate, without significant differences in transfusion and infection outcomes, demonstrating that responsible innovation and safe implementation of new techniques is possible.

Bilateral asymmetric traumatic hip dislocation associated with epiphysiolysis of the femoral head in an adolescent patient.

Background: Bilateral asymmetric hip dislocation is uncommon in childhood, even more when associated with epiphyseal slippage, leading to catastrophic complications of the affected joints, requiring additional surgical interventions, and increasing patient morbidity. In this article, we present the case of a 15 years-old patient with a post-traumatic bilateral hip dislocation with epiphyseal slippage, initially managed with open reduction and fixation, with subsequent need of total hip arthroplasty. Afterward, the patient presented satisfactory outcomes. Conclusion: Hip dislocation associated with transphyseal fracture is an injury that leads to joint destruction, and despite timely management, the prognosis is poor; however, efforts should be made to provide opportune care to obtain the best outcome.

How Does Preoperative Anemia Impact Clinical Outcomes Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty?: Experience From Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a common condition and a known risk factor for complications after primary total hip arthroplasty. Few studies have evaluated this topic in Latin American countries where this problem can be more important. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of preoperative anemia in 30-day complications after primary total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study involving patients who had a primary total hip arthroplasty aged more than 18 years and did not have any type of malignancy. Two hundred thirty six patients were divided into 2 groups: 58 who had anemia and 178 who did not have anemia. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship between anemia as a risk factor for blood transfusions, extended lengths of stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. RESULTS: A higher proportion of patients in the anemia group required blood transfusions (24.1% versus 7.3%, < 0.001), ICU admission (39.7% versus 11.2%, P ≤ .001), and a hospital stay of more than 5 days (37.9% versus 11.8%, < .001). Preoperative anemia was identified as a risk factor for requiring transfusions (Odds ratio 3.82, Confidence Interval 95%: 1.47-9.94, P = .006) and ICU admission (Odds ratio 2.48, Confidence interval 95%: 1.11-5.50, P = .026). CONCLUSION: Preoperative anemia proved to be a risk factor for requiring blood transfusions and ICU admission. Treating this potentially modifiable risk factor can improve patient morbidity and mortality, while positively impacting healthcare costs, reducing the need for postsurgical services such as ICU management, and extended hospitalizations.

Body mass index and knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: this study aims to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), age at which knee joint arthroplasty is performed and complications. The hypothesis is that the higher the BMI, the greater likelihood that the patient will require surgery at an earlier age.Methods: this is a cohort study with all patients who underwent a primary knee arthroplasty, between August 2013 and February 2019, in a tertiary level university hospital. Association between BMI, age and complications were analyzed. Quality of life of patients was also evaluated with the Oxford Knee Score (OKS). RESULTS: 565 primary total knee replacements (TKR) were performed. A cut-off point was found in BMI of 30; 348 patients had a BMI ≤30 and 173 patients had a BMI >30. When comparing the two groups, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0186) was found in the age at which the TKR was performed. There was a significant improvement for both groups in functional score (Oxford knee score). Additionally, intra and post-operative complications showed no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: patients with BMI greater than 30 required primary knee arthroplasty at a younger age (average: 3.5 years), compared to patients with a lower BMI. Obesity does not appear to confer and independent risk for surgery in the short and mid-term. Knee arthroplasty improves significantly quality of life in the short and mid-term, regardless of their BMI, as measured with the OKS.

Resuperficialización de rótula en artroplastia de rodilla: cohorte prospectiva / Patellar resurfacing in knee replacement surgery: A prospective cohort study

Introducción La resuperficialización rotuliana es un tema que ha generado controversia alrededor del reemplazo total de rodilla en los últimos años. Se busca evaluar los resultados funcionales y complicaciones en artroplastia de rodilla con y sin reemplazo de rótula en nuestro medio. Materiales & Métodos Cohorte prospectiva, que incluyó pacientes llevados a reemplazo articular primario de rodilla entre Agosto 2013 y Enero 2017. Se compararon los pacientes con y sin resuperficialización rotuliana en términos de complicaciones y de función (escala de Oxford). Se hizo seguimiento a 3 meses y a un año de los pacientes. Resultados: El seguimiento a 3 meses fue 82.4% y a 1 año de 76.9%. De los 349 pacientes operados, 237 pacientes tuvieron resuperficialización rotuliana (68%). La mediana para la edad fue de 71 años. La mediana del Oxford pre-quirúrgico fue de 14.5 (10-17) y 14 (10-19) puntos para el grupo con rótula y sin rótula. El Oxford a 3 meses y 1 año postoperatorio para el grupo con rótula fue de 34 (28-41) y 38 (34-43) puntos respectivamente. Para el grupo sin rótula fueron 36 (32-40) y 39 (34-41) puntos. No hubo diferencias entre ambos grupos a 3 meses (p=0.27) o un año (p=0.79). Tampoco hubo diferencias en complicaciones entre el grupo resuperficializado 3.4% y el otro 3.6% (p=0.57). Discusión Ambos tipos de reemplazo total de rodilla muestran resultados similares en términos de mejoría en calidad de vida y complicaciones en nuestro medio. Optar por cualquiera de ellos es una alternativa válida.

Background There has been controversy around patellar resurfacing in knee arthroplasty in the past years.The aim of this study is to compare the functional results and complications of patients with and with out patellar resurfacing in Colombia. Methods Prospective cohort study that included patients with a primary knee arthroplasty surgery between August 2013 and January 2017. Resurfaced patients are compared with non resurfaced. The outcomes measured are complications and knee function with the Oxford knee score. Follow-up visits were programmed 3 months and 12 months after surgery. Results Follow-up were: 82.4% at 3 months and 76.9% at 12 months. From a total of 349 knee arthroplasties, 237 had patellar resurfacing (68%). Median age was 71 years old. Median Oxford before surgery were: 14.5 (10-17) and 14 (10-19) points for patients with and without resurfacing. Median Oxford at 3 and 12 months in the resurfaced group were 34 (28-41) and 38 (34-43) points respectively. For the other group the median Oxford at 3 and 12 months were 36 (32-40) and 39 (34-41) points. There were no differences between groups at 3 or 12 months (p=0.27 and p=0.79). There was a low rate of complications, with no diferences between resurfacing or not the patella, 3.4% vs 3.6%(p=0.57). Discussion Both resurfacing or not the patella show similar and good results in impovement of quality of life and low rate of complications. Either type of treatment remains as a valid alternative nowadays.

Prospective quality of life assessment after hip and knee arthroplasty: short- and mid-term follow-up results.

BACKGROUND: Hip and knee arthroplasty aims to restore the joint function and to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with articular damage. It is important to quantify the HRQoL improvement and when this is achieved. The Oxford knee score and the Oxford hip score were developed to evaluate patients after knee and hip arthroplasty. We sought to evaluate HRQoL changes in the short and mid term following either primary or revision hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Prospective cohort study during a 20-month period (August 2013 to March 2015) in a tertiary referral hospital. Primary arthroplasties secondary to osteoarthritis and any-cause revisions were included (328, 160 knees, and 88 hips). They were divided into 4 groups: (1) primary knee replacement, (2) primary hip replacement, (3) revision knee replacement, and (4) revision hip replacement. Oxford knee and hip scores were obtained prior the surgery and compared with the short- and mid-term follow-up scores. RESULTS: Follow-up in the short term and mid term was: 75.6% and 67.4%, respectively. Improvement was found in both short-term and mid-term follow-up for each group and for the overall group in HRQoL as measured by the Oxford knee and hip scores (P < .001). The greatest improvement was seen in the short term with an increase of 21 points for primary knee arthroplasty; 24 points for primary hip arthroplasty; 22 points for revision knee arthroplasty; and 23 points for revision hip arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in HRQoL in patients following primary or revision hip or knee arthroplasty is crucial and can be achieved early after the surgery.

Pinzamiento femoroacetabular / Hip labrum impingement

El pinzamiento femoroacetabular (PFA) es una entidad que puede ser la causa de muchas de las osteoartritis idiopáticas. El PFA se presenta en la cadera con disminución en la distancia entre el fémur y el acetábulo, ya sea debido a una anormalidad en la orientación y/o profundidad del acetábulo y/o a una forma anormal de la unión de la cabeza femoral al cuello femoral. El choque anormal de la cabeza del fémur y de la unión de ésta al acetábulo puede llevar al daño del cartílago y a osteoartritis. La luxación quirúrgica de la cadera es el patrón de oro para tratar este tipo de patología. Ésta permite una visión total de la cadera para su tratamiento pero tiene la desventaja de requerir una osteotomía trocantérica y una recuperación más prolongada que la artroscopia de cadera, que también ha sido utilizada en el tratamiento del PFA. La desventaja de la artroscopia de la cadera es que requiere una curva de aprendizaje larga con tiempos quirúrgicos prolongados y que para la mayoría de los cirujanos no permite el tratamiento completo de esta patología. Hasta el momento, los primeros resultados de la cirugía para el pinzamiento, ya sea artroscópica o luxando la cadera, muestran mejoría en el dolor y la función de la misma.