Quality indicators for hospital burn care: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Burn treatments are complex, and for this reason, a specialised multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Evaluating the quality of care provided to acute burn patients through quality indicators makes it possible to develop and implement measures aiming at better results. There is a lack of information on which indicators to evaluate care in burn patients. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify a list of quality indicators used to evaluate the quality of hospital care provided to acute burn patients and indicate possible aspects of care that do not have specific indicators in the literature. METHOD: A comprehensive scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Lilacs/VHL) between July 25 and 30, 2022 and redone on October 6, 2022. Potentially relevant articles were evaluated for eligibility. General data and the identified quality indicators were collected for each included article. Each indicator was classified as a structure, process, or outcome indicator. RESULTS: A total of 1548 studies were identified, 82 were included, and their reference lists were searched, adding 19 more publications. Thus, data were collected from 101 studies. This review identified eight structure quality indicators, 72 process indicators, and 19 outcome indicators listed and subdivided according to their objectives. CONCLUSION: This study obtained a list of quality indicators already used to monitor and evaluate the hospital care of acute burn patients. These indicators may be useful for further research or implementation in quality improvement programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework platform on June 27, 2022 ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NAW85 ).

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Births, Vaginal Deliveries, Cesarian Sections, and Maternal Mortality in a Brazilian Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Cohort Study.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic posed a worldwide challenge, leading to radical changes in healthcare. The primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on birth, vaginal delivery, and cesarian section (c-section) rates. The secondary objective was to compare the maternal mortality before and after the pandemic. Patients and Methods: Time-series cohort study including data of all women admitted for childbirth (vaginal delivery or c-section) at the maternities in the Public Health System of Federal District, Brazil, between March 2018 and February 2022, using data extracted from the Hospital Information System of Brazilian Ministry of Health (SIH/DATASUS) on September 30, 2022. Causal impact analysis was used to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on birth, vaginal delivery, and c-section using the CausalImpact R package, and a propensity score matching was used to evaluate the effect on maternal mortality rate using the Easy R (EZR) software. Results: There were 150,617 births, and considering total births, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic was not statistically significant (absolute effect per week: 5.5, 95% CI: -24.0-33.4). However, there was an increase in c-sections after COVID-19 (absolute effect per week: 18.1; 95% CI: 11.9-23.9). After propensity score matching, the COVID-19 period was associated with increased maternal mortality (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.53-6.81). The e-value of the adjusted OR for the association between the post-COVID-19 period and maternal mortality was 5.89, with a 95% CI: 2.43, suggesting that unmeasured confounders were unlikely to explain the entirety of the effect. Conclusion: Our study revealed a rise in c-sections and maternal mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly due to disruptions in maternal care. These findings highlight that implementing effective strategies to protect maternal health in times of crisis and improve outcomes for mothers and newborns is crucial.

Patient safety culture in primary health care: Medical office survey on patient safety culture in a Brazilian family health strategy setting.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the patient safety culture in Primary Health Care (PHC) setting after the transition to the Family Health Strategy (FHS) model in a Brazilian metropolitan area and compare the results between the categories of health care professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 246 workers from primary health care services in Federal District, Brazil. Data collection took place from October to December 2019 through the Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) application. Patient safety culture was considered positive when the score was above 60%. For comparisons between the categories of health care professionals', the ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for composite percent positive scores, and Pearson's chi-square or Fishers exact test for frequency and percentage of positive responses. RESULTS: The overall MOSPSC composite percent positive score was 49.9%. Among the 12 dimensions, only three showed a positive patient safety culture: Teamwork (73.1%), Organizational learning (62.9%), and Patient care tracking/follow-up (60.1%). The percentage of positive responses on overall quality assessment (78.1%) and overall patient safety assessment (78.0%) showed a positive evaluation. There was no significant difference in the composite percent positive score of overall MOSPSC (p = 0.135) and the percentage of positive responses on overall patient safety assessment (p = 0.156) between the categories of health care professionals. Overall quality assessment showed a significant difference between job roles (p < 0.001), in which nursing /health care technicians showed a significantly lower score than other job roles. CONCLUSION: The patient safety culture assessment showed a weakness in the patient safety in the PHC services. The MOSPSC and nine of its dimensions presented a negative safety culture assessment, regardless of the high scores in the overall patient safety and quality assessments.

The impact of a low-calorie, low-glycemic diet on systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Diet plays a critical role in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, impacting on the microbiota composition and, consequently, on the immune response. The objective was to analyze and verify the diet effect on SLE patients. METHODS: This is a systematic review performed at the Evidences-based Health Lab, Escola Superior em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília (DF), Brazil. In March, 2021, five databases, and grey literature, through JSTOR, Open Grey, and Google Scholar were searched. Randomized Clinical Trials in which SLE patients with calorie restricted, low glycemic index or other diet involving the joint adequacy of these aspects, compared with placebo or different types of diet, were included. RESULTS: It was identified in the databases 758 articles; 132 were duplicated; 616 references were screened, and 604 were excluded. After reading the title and abstract, 12 articles were included for full-text reading. After the full-text reading, three studies were included for quantitative analysis. The diet improved the quality of life at 6 (MD 16.30; 5.91;26.69) and 12 weeks (MD 14.60; 0.88;28.32). The GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. CONCLUSION: There is low evidence that the diet has a positive impact on the quality of life of SLE patients. Trial registration PROSPERO-CRD4202012208.

Evidence for the efficacy of Tai Chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of systematic reviews.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease with higher prevalence among women aged between 30 and 50 years and general prevalence of 1% worldwide. Interventions promoting improvement of quality of life for individuals with RA are required. Tai Chi appears to be a low-cost alternative, with studies showing positive results from this technique. However, regarding aspects of RA such as pain and sensitivity, studies remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of the Tai Chi method for treating patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, among systematic reviews. DESIGN AND SETTING: Overview of systematic reviews with Cochrane and non-Cochrane methodology. METHODS: Systematic reviews involving quasi-randomized and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on use of Tai Chi, with no restrictions regarding the date and language of publication, were included. RESULTS: Three systematic reviews were included. The effects of Tai Chi associated with education and stretching exercises versus education and stretching were evaluated in these reviews. They showed that improvements in the variables of mood, depression and functional index were associated with use of Tai Chi. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that clinical improvement was achieved, although not statistically significant with regard to pain and disease pattern, as assessed using the ACR20 measurement. Improvements relating to disability and quality of life were also seen. There was a low level of evidence and therefore caution in data analysis is recommended. The three studies included showed poor reliability for providing an accurate and complete summary of use of Tai Chi among people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. PROSPERO: CRD42019125501.

Functional and joint evaluation in a prospective cohort of patients with severe haemophilia.

INTRODUCTION: Arthropathy is the main morbidity of haemophilia. Periodic joint health assessment enables a better understanding of the limitations of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional and joint performance in patients with haemophilia at one-year follow-up, as well as its association with prophylactic treatment and attendance at scheduled consultations at a haemophilia treatment centre. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included patients with severe haemophilia aged 7 years or more and treated at Fundação Hemocentro de Brasília, Brazil, from January 2014 to December 2018. The Hemophilia Joint Health Score and Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia were assessed at the first consultation and after a one-year follow-up. RESULTS: The study included 69 patients. The mean age at study recruitment was 22.5 ± 4.5 years, 62.3% of patients aged 18 years or older, and 29 patients were receiving primary prophylaxis (38.0%). There was a positive correlation between HJHS and age and a negative correlation between FISH and age. The worsening HJHS was associated with non-primary prophylaxis and non-attendance at scheduled multidisciplinary consultations. The worsening FISH was associated with non-primary prophylaxis. The correlation between FISH and treatment adherence was significant for the delta. CONCLUSION: The older the patient with haemophilia, the higher the probability of a worsening of the HJHS. In the presence of more arthropathies, the older the patient, the worse the FISH. Patients receiving primary prophylaxis show better results in the HJHS and FISH when compared to patients receiving secondary prophylaxis and/or on-demand treatment.

The impact of a low-calorie, low-glycemic diet on systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review

Abstract Background: Diet plays a critical role in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, impacting on the microbiota composition and, consequently, on the immune response. The objective was to analyze and verify the diet effect on SLE patients. Methods: This is a systematic review performed at the Evidences-based Health Lab, Escola Superior em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília (DF), Brazil. In March, 2021, five databases, and grey literature, through JSTOR, Open Grey, and Google Scholar were searched. Randomized Clinical Trials in which SLE patients with calorie restricted, low glycemic index or other diet involving the joint adequacy of these aspects, compared with placebo or different types of diet, were included. Results: It was identified in the databases 758 articles; 132 were duplicated; 616 references were screened, and 604 were excluded. After reading the title and abstract, 12 articles were included for full-text reading. After the full-text reading, three studies were included for quantitative analysis. The diet improved the quality of life at 6 (MD 16.30; 5.91;26.69) and 12 weeks (MD 14.60; 0.88;28.32). The GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Conclusion: There is low evidence that the diet has a positive impact on the quality of life of SLE patients. Trial registration PROSPERO—CRD4202012208.

Hemovigilance and patient safety: analysis of immediate transfusion reactions in elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To identify immediate transfusion reactions in elders hospitalized in a public hospital in the Federal District. METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective, documental, and analytical research, with a quantitative analysis of 516 transfusions of packed red blood cells in elders hospitalized in the largest public hospital, who required blood components, from June to December 2017, through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The sample corresponded to 46.36% of the total number of transfusions in elders in the period. The mean age was 70 years old. There were adverse effects (reactions to the transfusion) in 12 (2.3%) transfusions. Respiratory alterations (33.3%) and fever (23.8%) were the most common events. CONCLUSION: The incidence of reactions to the transfusion is below national and international rates, indicating probable undernotification, which could be associated to a lack of knowledge regarding its clinical manifestations and the lack of systematic monitoring of the transfusion.

STOP-Bang questionnaire should be used in all adults with Down Syndrome to screen for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with Down syndrome (DS), to investigate factors related to OSA severity and to identify which sleep questionnaire is the most appropriate for the screening of OSA in this population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that consecutively included 60 adults with DS. All patients underwent type III polysomnography and clinical and laboratory data were collected; sleep assessment questionnaires were applied. Multiple linear regression models evaluated the associations between OSA severity (measured by the respiratory event index-REI) and clinical and laboratory data and sleep questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, BERLIN and STOP-Bang questionnaires). RESULTS: Results show that 60 (100%) adults with DS had OSA, with moderate-severe OSA identified in 49 (81.6%). At the multivariate linear regression, REI significantly correlated with hematocrit levels, BMI and STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) results (P <0.001). The positive STOP-Bang ≥3 points) showed 100% of sensitivity (95%CI: 92.75-100%), 45.45% of specificity (95%CI: 16.75-76.62), positive predictive value of 89.09% (95%CI: 82.64-93.34%), negative predictive value of 100%, accuracy of 90% (95%CI: 79.49-96.24%) and OR of 24.29. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with DS have a very high prevalence of OSA. Hematocrit levels, BMI and SBQ showed a strong correlation with OSA severity. The SBQ performed well in identifying moderate to severe OSA in this population. Considered together, these results point to the need to perform OSA screening in all adults with DS, and STOP-Bang may play a role in this screening.

Cloroquina e Hidroxicloroquina no tratamento da COVID-19: sumário de evidências

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar e sumarizar as evidências científicas publicadas sobre o uso da cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina e azitromicina em pacientes em tratamento para o COVID 19. Por meio de uma estratégia sistemática de busca foram identificados os artigos incluídos no presente estudo, sendo o último levantamento de literatura realizado no dia 10 de abril de 2020. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram: Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (University of Oxford), Pubmed, BVS, Biblioteca Cochrane. De forma complementar, foram consultados estudos postados no medRxiv. Conclui-se que as evidências disponíveis sobre o tratamento com o uso da cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina para pacientes em tratamento para COVID-19 são consenso de especialistas, estudos in vitro e dois estudos clínicos que apresentam sérias limitações metodológicas. Embora alguns estudos iniciais sugiram efeitos benéficos com o uso dessas drogas, ainda não há dados suficientes para afirmar que elas devam ser utilizadas de forma rotineira. Conclusão: Hidroxicloroquina ou cloroquina devem ser indicadas no contexto de ensaios clínicos eticamente aprovados. Não sendo possível a inclusão em um estudo, podem ser consideradas em casos selecionados, de acordo com o estado clínico e os efeitos colaterais da medicação, especialmente em infecções graves e pacientes com fatores de risco para evolução grave da doença.(AU)

Cloroquina e Hidroxicloroquina no tratamento da COVID-19: Sumário de Evidências / Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: Summary of Evidence

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar e sumarizar as evidências científicas publicadas sobre o uso da cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina e azitromicina em pacientes em tratamento para o COVID 19. Por meio de uma estratégia sistemática de busca foram identificados os artigos incluídos no presente estudo, sendo o último levantamento de literatura realizado no dia 10 de abril de 2020. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram: Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (University of Oxford), Pubmed, BVS, Biblioteca Cochrane. De forma completar, foram consultados estudos postados no med Rxiv. Conclui-se que as evidências disponíveis sobre o tratamento com o uso da cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina para pacientes em tratamento para COVID-19 são consenso de especialistas, estudos in vitro e dois estudos clínicos que apresentam sérias limitações metodológicas. Embora alguns estudos iniciais sugiram efeitos benéficos com o uso dessas drogas, ainda não há dados suficientes para afirmar que elas devam ser utilizadas de forma rotineira. Conclusão: Hidroxicloroquina ou cloroquina devem ser indicadas no contexto de ensaios clínicos eticamente aprovados. Não sendo possível a inclusão em um estudo, podem ser consideradas em casos selecionados, de acordo com o estado clínico e os efeitos colaterais da medicação , especialmente em infecções graves e pacientes com fatores de risco para evolução grave da doença.(AU)

Infecção e óbitos de profissionais da saúde por COVID-19: revisão sistemática / Infección y muerte de profesionales de la salud por COVID-19: revisión sistemática / Infection and death in healthcare workers due to COVID-19: a systematic review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as evidências quanto à infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e óbitos dos profissionais de saúde e fatores de risco relacionados. Métodos Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática buscando-se artigos nas bases de dados Scopus, Portal Regional da BVS, Pubmed e Embase, relacionados à infecção e óbito de profissionais da saúde envolvidos no tratamento de pacientes com a COVID-19. Não houve restrição quanto a data de publicação, idioma ou tipo de estudo. Para a busca foi considerado publicações até 14 de abril de 2020. Resultados Foram incluídos 28 artigos. Os fatores de risco mais citados foram: escassez, uso inadequado ou não uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, sobrecarga de trabalho, contato próximo com pacientes e/ou colegas de trabalho potencialmente contaminados, procedimento com risco de geração de aerossol, diagnóstico tardio e renovação de ar ambiente inadequado. De acordo com cada país, o número de profissionais infectados variou de 1.716 a 17.306. Quanto aos óbitos, existem dados de até 605 profissionais falecidos no mundo inteiro. As evidências encontradas são editoriais, estudos transversais e de coorte. Conclusão As evidências identificadas demonstram um alto número de profissionais infectados e que foram a óbito, sendo a sobrecarga do sistema de saúde um fator significativo.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar evidencias sobre la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y muerte de profesionales de la salud y factores de riesgo relacionados. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática en busca de artículos en las bases de datos Scopus, Portal Regional de la BVS, Pubmed y Embase, relacionados con la infección y muerte de profesionales de la salud involucrados en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. No hubo restricción respecto a la fecha de publicación, idioma ni tipo de estudio. Para la búsqueda se consideraron publicaciones hasta el 14 de abril de 2020. Resultados Se incluyeron 28 artículos. Los factores de riesgo más mencionados fueron: escasez, uso inadecuado o falta de uso de equipos de protección individual; sobrecarga de trabajo; contacto cercano con pacientes o compañeros de trabajo potencialmente contaminados; procedimientos con riesgo generador de aerosoles; diagnóstico tardío y renovación inadecuada del aire interior. El número de profesionales infectados varió de 1.716 a 17.306, de acuerdo con cada país. Respecto a las muertes, hay datos de 605 profesionales fallecidos en todo el mundo. La evidencia se encontró en editoriales, estudios transversales y de cohorte. Conclusión Las evidencias identificadas demuestran un alto número de profesionales infectados y fallecidos, y la sobrecarga del sistema de salud es un factor significativo.

Abstract Objective To identify evidences regarding infection by SARS-CoV-2 and deaths of healthcare workers and related-risk factors. Methods We conducted a systematic review by searching the following databases SCOPUS, VHL Regional Portal, PubMed and Embase. We included studies on infection and death of healthcare workers who delivery care for COVID-19 patients. There were no restriction on date of publication, idiom, or type of study. The search was conducted until April 14, 2020. Results A total of 28 articles were selected. Most mentioned risk factors were: scarcity, inadequate use or non-usage of personal protective equipment, work overload, close contact with potentially infected patients and/or coworkers, risk for aerosol-generating procedures, late diagnosis and inadequate air renovation. According to each country, the number of infected workers ranged from 1,716 to 17,306. Concerning deaths, there are data of up to 605 healthcare workers who died of COVID-19 all over the world. Evidences found were editorials, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. Conclusion Studies identified showed high number of infection and deaths among healthcare workers. Overload of health system was a significant factor.

Hemovigilance and patient safety: analysis of immediate transfusion reactions in elderly / Hemovigilancia y seguridad del paciente: análisis de reacciones de transfusión inmediata en ancianos / Hemovigilância e segurança do paciente: análise de reações transfusionais imediatas em idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify immediate transfusion reactions in elders hospitalized in a public hospital in the Federal District. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, documental, and analytical research, with a quantitative analysis of 516 transfusions of packed red blood cells in elders hospitalized in the largest public hospital, who required blood components, from June to December 2017, through descriptive statistics. Results: The sample corresponded to 46.36% of the total number of transfusions in elders in the period. The mean age was 70 years old. There were adverse effects (reactions to the transfusion) in 12 (2.3%) transfusions. Respiratory alterations (33.3%) and fever (23.8%) were the most common events. Conclusion: The incidence of reactions to the transfusion is below national and international rates, indicating probable undernotification, which could be associated to a lack of knowledge regarding its clinical manifestations and the lack of systematic monitoring of the transfusion.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar reacciones transfusionales inmediatas en pacientes ancianos ingresados en un hospital público del Distrito Federal. Métodos: Investigación observacional, retrospectiva, documental y analítica, con análisis cuantitativo de 516 transfusiones de hematíes en pacientes ancianos ingresados en el mayor hospital público que requirió hemocomponentes, de junio a diciembre de 2017, utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La muestra correspondió al 46,36% del total de transfusiones en ancianos en el período. La mediana de edad fue de 70 años. Hubo manifestaciones adversas (reacciones transfusionales) en 12 (2,3%) transfusiones. Los cambios respiratorios (33,3%) y la fiebre (23,8%) fueron las condiciones más frecuentes. Conclusión: La incidencia de reacción a la transfusión se encuentra por debajo de los parámetros nacionales e internacionales, lo que revela un probable subregistro posiblemente relacionado con el desconocimiento de las manifestaciones clínicas y la falta de seguimiento sistemático de la transfusión.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar reações transfusionais imediatas em idosos internados em hospital público do Distrito Federal. Métodos: Pesquisa observacional, retrospectiva, documental e analítica, com análise quantitativa de 516 transfusões de concentrado de hemácias em idosos internados no maior hospital público demandante de hemocomponentes, de junho a dezembro de 2017, por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: A amostra correspondeu a 46,36% do total de transfusões em idosos no período. A mediana de idade foi de 70 anos. Houve manifestações adversas (reações transfusionais) em 12 (2,3%) transfusões. Alterações respiratórias (33,3%) e febre (23,8%) foram os quadros mais comuns. Conclusão: A incidência de reação transfusional está abaixo dos parâmetros nacionais e internacionais, revelando provável subnotificação possivelmente relacionada ao desconhecimento das manifestações clínicas e à falta de acompanhamento sistemático da transfusão.

Aplicativo móvel de processamento de imagens digitais para classificação automática de tecidos de lesões por pressão / Mobile imaging app for automatic classification of pressure injury tissues

Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho de uma técnica automática para extração de características dos tipos de tecidos de lesões por pressão por processamento de imagens digitais, embutida em um aplicativo móvel (App) para smartphones. Metodologia: estudo transversal controlado, realizado em 20 imagens de lesões sacrais e trocantéricas. Aferiu-se a concordância na caracterização tecidual presente no leito das lesões entre o App e um comitê de juízes. Resultados: a precisão global do App na identificação de granulação, liquefação e coagulação foi de 75%. Constatou-se independência intraobservador nos desfechos das aferições realizadas pelo aplicativo. Conclusões: o App obteve desfechos promissores ao classificar os tipos de tecidos inviáveis e granulação, sendo necessário aprimoramento do desempenho em feridas complexas e de outras etiologias. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the performance of an automated technique for extraction of characteristics of the types of tissues from pressure lesions by digital image processing, inserted in a mobile application (App) for smartphones. Methodology: crosssectional, controlled study of 20 images of sacral and trochanteric lesions. The concordance in the tissue characterization present in the center of the lesions between the App and a committee of judges was checked. Results: the overall accuracy of the App in the identification of granulation, liquefaction and coagulation was 75%. Intraobserver independence was observed in the results of the measurements performed by the application. Conclusions: the App obtained promising outcomes classifying non-viable tissue types and granulation tissue, and an improvement of the app's performance is necessary in complex wounds and other etiologies. (AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el rendimiento de una técnica automática para extraer características de los tipos de tejido de las lesiones por presión mediante el procesamiento digital de imágenes, incorporado en una aplicación móvil para smartphone. Metodología: estudio transversal controlado hecho en 20 imágenes de lesiones trocantéricas y en la región sacro. Se verificó la concordancia en la caracterización de los tejidos presentes en el lecho de las lesiones entre la aplicación y un comité de jueces. Resultados: la precisión general de la aplicación en la identificación de tejidos presentes en el lecho de las LPP (lesiones por presión) fue de 75%. Se comprobó la independencia intraobservadora en los puntos finales de las mediciones realizadas por la aplicación. Conclusiones: la aplicación obtuvo resultados promisorios al evaluar los tipos de tejidos no viables y granulación y es necesario prefeccionar el desempeño en heridas complejas y de otras etiologías. (AU)

Reducing overcrowding in an emergency department: a pilot study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Exploring the use of forecasting models and simulation tools to estimate demand and reduce the waiting time of patients in Emergency Departments (EDs). METHODS The analysis was based on data collected in May 2013 in the ED of Recanto das Emas, Federal District, Brasil, which uses a Manchester Triage System. A total of 100 consecutive patients were included: 70 yellow (70%) and 30 green (30%). Flow patterns, observed waiting time, and inter-arrival times of patients were collected. Process maps, demand, and capacity data were used to build a simulation, which was calibrated against the observed flow times. What-if analysis was conducted to reduce waiting times. RESULTS Green and yellow patient arrival-time patterns were similar, but inter-arrival times were 5 and 38 minutes, respectively. Wait-time was 14 minutes for yellow patients, and 4 hours for green patients. The physician staff comprised four doctors per shift. A simulation predicted that allocating one more doctor per shift would reduce wait-time to 2.5 hours for green patients, with a small impact in yellow patients' wait-time. Maintaining four doctors and allocating one doctor exclusively for green patients would reduce the waiting time to 1.5 hours for green patients and increase it in 15 minutes for yellow patients. The best simulation scenario employed five doctors per shift, with two doctors exclusively for green patients. CONCLUSION Waiting times can be reduced by balancing the allocation of doctors to green and yellow patients and matching the availability of doctors to forecasted demand patterns. Simulations of EDs' can be used to generate and test solutions to decrease overcrowding.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Explorar o uso de modelos de previsão e ferramentas de simulação para estimar a demanda e reduzir o tempo de espera dos pacientes em Departamentos de Emergência (DE). METODOLOGIA A análise foi baseada em dados coletados em maio de 2013, no DE do Recanto das Emas, Distrito Federal, Brasil, que utiliza o Protocolo de Manchester como sistema de triagem. Um total de 100 pacientes consecutivos foram incluídos: 70 amarelos (70%) e 30 verdes (30%). Padrões de fluxo, tempo de espera observado e tempos entre as chegadas dos pacientes foram registrados. Mapas de processo, demanda e dados de capacidade foram utilizados na construção de uma simulação que foi calibrada de acordo com o fluxo observado. Uma análise do tipo "e se..." foi conduzida para reduzir os tempos de espera. RESULTADOS Os padrões de tempo de chegada para pacientes verdes e amarelos foram semelhantes, mas os tempos entre chegadas foram 5 e 38 minutos, respectivamente. O tempo de espera foi de 14 minutos para pacientes amarelos e 4 horas para pacientes verdes. A equipe médica era composta por quatro médicos por turno. Uma simulação previu que a inclusão de mais um médico por turno reduziria o tempo de espera para 2,5 horas para pacientes verdes, com um impacto pequeno no tempo de espera dos pacientes amarelos. A manutenção de quatro médicos e a inclusão de um médico exclusivamente para pacientes verdes reduziria o tempo de espera para 1,5 horas para pacientes verdes e aumentaria em 15 minutos para os pacientes amarelos. O melhor cenário simulado utilizou cinco médicos por plantão, com dois médicos exclusivos para pacientes verdes. CONCLUSÃO Os tempos de espera podem ser reduzidos equilibrando a distribuição de médicos para pacientes verdes e amarelos e relacionando a disponibilidade dos médicos aos padrões de demanda previstos. Simulações de DE podem ser utilizadas para gerar e testar soluções para diminuir a superlotação.

Assessment of adherence to best practices in labor and childbirth care by care providers working in public hospitals in the Federal District of Brazil. / Avaliação das boas práticas de atenção ao parto por profissionais dos hospitais públicos do Distrito Federal, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess adherence to best practices in labor and childbirth care by doctors, nurses, obstetric nursing residents, and obstetric medical residents working in public hospitals in the Federal District of Brazil. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with care providers working in 11 public hospitals in the Federal District of Brazil between January and March 2015. A questionnaire containing 20 sociodemographic questions and 50 five-point Likert items was administered. The average scores of each group and each hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: Nurses obtained the highest scores for the use of evidence-based practices (57.8 ± 12.9), while doctors achieved the highest scores for the work process dimension (72 ± 8.5). Medical residents obtained the highest scores for organization of labor and childbirth care (56.5 ± 8.5). No statistically significant differences were found between groups. Hospital scores ranged from 55 to 64. No statistically significant differences were found between hospitals. Most professionals encourage natural childbirth. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to strengthen actions to promote greater adherence to best care practices, both in relation to organization of labor and childbirth care and to the attitudes and values of health professionals.

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a adesão às boas práticas de atenção ao parto e nascimento, entre médicos, enfermeiros e residentes dos programas de residência em obstetrícia, dos hospitais públicos do Distrito Federal (DF). Estudo transversal do tipo inquérito aplicado a profissionais em 11 hospitais públicos do DF de janeiro a março de 2015. Instrumento com 20 questões sociodemográficas e 39 itens do tipo escala Likert. Para análise estatística, os profissionais foram separados em 4 grupos (enfermeiros, enfermeiro residentes, médicos e médicos residentes). Foram também avaliados os escores de cada hospital estudado. A dimensão processo de trabalho apresentou os maiores escores em relação as demais dimensões. Na comparação entre os grupos e entre os hospitais não foram observadas diferenças significativas em nenhuma das dimensões. A maioria dos profissionais estimula o parto natural. É necessário reforçar as ações para maior adesão às boas práticas de atenção ao parto, tanto na organização da rede de serviços quanto nas atitudes e valores da formação dos novos profissionais de saúde.

Stricto sensu postgraduate education in the Brazilian Federal District: the experience of the Higher School of Health Sciences (ESCS). / A formação na modalidade de pós-graduação stricto sensu no Distrito Federal, Brasil: a experiência da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS).

INTRODUCTION: Stricto sensu postgraduate courses were regulated to enhance the training of university professors and researchers in order to attend the expansion of higher education and promote scientific research development. Today, Brazilian postgraduate programs transcend the academic limits, especially after the establishment of professional masters and doctorate programs. METHODS: This is a documentary study, which included ESCS management reports, as well as bibliographic and technical productions. RESULTS: The ESCS currently provides three postgraduate programs: Professional Masters in Health Sciences, Academic Masters in Health Sciences, and Professional Masters in Family Health (ProfSaúde). CONCLUSION: The ESCS experience is an effort to integrate teaching, research and health care in which we should highlight the concern with the development of the interface with public health policies. However, the institutional environment is complex because ESCS is a higher education institution linked to a State Health Secretariat, which supports the full development of the critical, creative and humanistic potential of professors and students. However, this challenges the scientific consistency and disruptive nature of their products and processes.

Os cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu foram regulamentados com o objetivo de fomentar a formação de docentes universitários e pesquisadores para atender à expansão do ensino superior e estimular o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Hoje, a pós-graduação brasileira ultrapassa os limites da academia, especialmente após a instituição dos mestrados e dos doutorados profissionais. Este é um estudo documental, que incluiu relatórios de gestão da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), assim como produções bibliográficas e técnicas institucionais. A ESCS atualmente oferta três programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu: Mestrado Profissional em Ciências para a Saúde, Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências da Saúde e Mestrado Profissional em Saúde da Família (ProfSaúde). A experiência da ESCS representa um esforço de integração ensino, pesquisa e assistência, no qual se destaca a preocupação em desenvolver a interface com as políticas públicas de saúde. Todavia, o ambiente institucional é complexo por ser uma instituição de ensino superior vinculada a uma Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, o que favorece o desenvolvimento pleno do potencial crítico, criativo e humanístico dos docentes e discentes. Porém, por outro lado, desafia a consistência científica e a característica disruptiva de seus produtos e processos.

Avaliação das boas práticas de atenção ao parto por profissionais dos hospitais públicos do Distrito Federal, Brasil / Assessment of adherence to best practices in labor and childbirth care by care providers working in public hospitals in the Federal District of Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a adesão às boas práticas de atenção ao parto e nascimento, entre médicos, enfermeiros e residentes dos programas de residência em obstetrícia, dos hospitais públicos do Distrito Federal (DF). Estudo transversal do tipo inquérito aplicado a profissionais em 11 hospitais públicos do DF de janeiro a março de 2015. Instrumento com 20 questões sociodemográficas e 39 itens do tipo escala Likert. Para análise estatística, os profissionais foram separados em 4 grupos (enfermeiros, enfermeiro residentes, médicos e médicos residentes). Foram também avaliados os escores de cada hospital estudado. A dimensão processo de trabalho apresentou os maiores escores em relação as demais dimensões. Na comparação entre os grupos e entre os hospitais não foram observadas diferenças significativas em nenhuma das dimensões. A maioria dos profissionais estimula o parto natural. É necessário reforçar as ações para maior adesão às boas práticas de atenção ao parto, tanto na organização da rede de serviços quanto nas atitudes e valores da formação dos novos profissionais de saúde.

Abstract Objective To assess adherence to best practices in labor and childbirth care by doctors, nurses, obstetric nursing residents, and obstetric medical residents working in public hospitals in the Federal District of Brazil. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with care providers working in 11 public hospitals in the Federal District of Brazil between January and March 2015. A questionnaire containing 20 sociodemographic questions and 50 five-point Likert items was administered. The average scores of each group and each hospital were analyzed. Results Nurses obtained the highest scores for the use of evidence-based practices (57.8 ± 12.9), while doctors achieved the highest scores for the work process dimension (72 ± 8.5). Medical residents obtained the highest scores for organization of labor and childbirth care (56.5 ± 8.5). No statistically significant differences were found between groups. Hospital scores ranged from 55 to 64. No statistically significant differences were found between hospitals. Most professionals encourage natural childbirth. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen actions to promote greater adherence to best care practices, both in relation to organization of labor and childbirth care and to the attitudes and values of health professionals.

A formação na modalidade de pós-graduação stricto sensu no Distrito Federal, Brasil: a experiência da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS) / Stricto sensu postgraduate education in the Brazilian Federal District: the experience of the Higher School of Health Sciences (ESCS)

Resumo Os cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu foram regulamentados com o objetivo de fomentar a formação de docentes universitários e pesquisadores para atender à expansão do ensino superior e estimular o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Hoje, a pós-graduação brasileira ultrapassa os limites da academia, especialmente após a instituição dos mestrados e dos doutorados profissionais. Este é um estudo documental, que incluiu relatórios de gestão da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS), assim como produções bibliográficas e técnicas institucionais. A ESCS atualmente oferta três programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu: Mestrado Profissional em Ciências para a Saúde, Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências da Saúde e Mestrado Profissional em Saúde da Família (ProfSaúde). A experiência da ESCS representa um esforço de integração ensino, pesquisa e assistência, no qual se destaca a preocupação em desenvolver a interface com as políticas públicas de saúde. Todavia, o ambiente institucional é complexo por ser uma instituição de ensino superior vinculada a uma Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, o que favorece o desenvolvimento pleno do potencial crítico, criativo e humanístico dos docentes e discentes. Porém, por outro lado, desafia a consistência científica e a característica disruptiva de seus produtos e processos.

Abstract Introduction Stricto sensu postgraduate courses were regulated to enhance the training of university professors and researchers in order to attend the expansion of higher education and promote scientific research development. Today, Brazilian postgraduate programs transcend the academic limits, especially after the establishment of professional masters and doctorate programs. Methods This is a documentary study, which included ESCS management reports, as well as bibliographic and technical productions. Results The ESCS currently provides three postgraduate programs: Professional Masters in Health Sciences, Academic Masters in Health Sciences, and Professional Masters in Family Health (ProfSaúde). Conclusion The ESCS experience is an effort to integrate teaching, research and health care in which we should highlight the concern with the development of the interface with public health policies. However, the institutional environment is complex because ESCS is a higher education institution linked to a State Health Secretariat, which supports the full development of the critical, creative and humanistic potential of professors and students. However, this challenges the scientific consistency and disruptive nature of their products and processes.

Reducing overcrowding in an emergency department: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Exploring the use of forecasting models and simulation tools to estimate demand and reduce the waiting time of patients in Emergency Departments (EDs). METHODS: The analysis was based on data collected in May 2013 in the ED of Recanto das Emas, Federal District, Brasil, which uses a Manchester Triage System. A total of 100 consecutive patients were included: 70 yellow (70%) and 30 green (30%). Flow patterns, observed waiting time, and inter-arrival times of patients were collected. Process maps, demand, and capacity data were used to build a simulation, which was calibrated against the observed flow times. What-if analysis was conducted to reduce waiting times. RESULTS: Green and yellow patient arrival-time patterns were similar, but inter-arrival times were 5 and 38 minutes, respectively. Wait-time was 14 minutes for yellow patients, and 4 hours for green patients. The physician staff comprised four doctors per shift. A simulation predicted that allocating one more doctor per shift would reduce wait-time to 2.5 hours for green patients, with a small impact in yellow patients' wait-time. Maintaining four doctors and allocating one doctor exclusively for green patients would reduce the waiting time to 1.5 hours for green patients and increase it in 15 minutes for yellow patients. The best simulation scenario employed five doctors per shift, with two doctors exclusively for green patients. CONCLUSION: Waiting times can be reduced by balancing the allocation of doctors to green and yellow patients and matching the availability of doctors to forecasted demand patterns. Simulations of EDs' can be used to generate and test solutions to decrease overcrowding.