Morphological and Molecular Analyses of Aponurus laguncula Looss, 1907 (Digenea: Lecithasteridae) Parasitic in Atlantic Spadefish Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) (Acanthuriformes: Ephippidae) from Brazilian Coastal Zone.

OBJECTIVES: An integrative taxonomic description of Aponurus laguncula (Lecithasteridae), a digenean parasitic species of Chaetodipterus faber (Acanthuriformes) from Brazilian Southeast, is provided. Morphological techniques, as whole mounted slides, histology and scanning electron microscopy, and molecular analyses supported that integrative description. METHODS: Fifteen digenean specimens were stained in hydrochloric carmine and mounted on permanent slides. Two specimens were stained in hematoxylin and eosin following histological routine processing. Four parasites were dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, critical point dried with carbon dioxide and coated with gold to scanning electron microscopy analysis. Sequence of the large ribosomal subunit (28S rDNA) gene was generated and used to construct a phylogeny based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. RESULTS: Morphological description and morphometric data obtained in present study were in accordance with previous studies of the species. Use of another morphological techniques, as scanning electron microscopy and histology, corroborated the observed features of whole mounted slides. Also, they provided a better observation of previous reported characteristics and new features reporting, such as an elongated hermaphroditic duct, a smooth tegument and cells that compose the prostatic gland. The molecular sequence obtained in the present study formed a robust clade with available sequences of species of Aponurus. CONCLUSIONS: The integrative taxonomic approach successfully combined morphological observations, including both previously reported features and new descriptions from histological and electron microscopy analyses, with molecular data to identify these specimens as A. laguncula. Moreover, the detailed characterization of structures, such as the gonads in A. laguncula, that would be challenging to analyze using a single technique, was possible. Further molecular studies with less conserved genetic markers should be conducted to understand phylogenetic relationships between Aponurus species.

Solution studies, synthesis and antibacterial activity of Ga(III) complexes with bis-kojate derivatives.

Given the recognized major problem of microbial drug resistance for human health, new metal-based drugs have been currently explored for their antimicrobial properties, including gallium-based compounds as potential metallophores that could perturb Fe's interactions with proteins. Herein we have designed and synthesized two bis-kojate ligands (named L4 and L6) and studied their Ga(III) complexes for their physico-chemical and biological properties. In particular a detailed study of their complexation properties in aqueous solution, showed equilibrium models with formation of quite stable dinuclear 2:3 metal:ligand complexes, though with different stability. Solid state complexes were also prepared and characterized and complementary DFT studies indicated that [Ga2(L4)3] complex, with higher stability, seems to adopt a three-ligand bridging conformation, while that for L6 adopt a one ligand bridging conformation. Preliminary investigation of the antibacterial activity of these gallium complexes showed antipseudomonal activity, which appeared higher for the complex with L4, a feature of potential interest for the scientific community.

Integrative Taxonomy of Prosogonotrema bilabiatum Vigueras, 1940 (Digenea: Sclerodistomidae): A Parasite in Atlantic Spadefish Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) (Acanthuriformes: Ephippidae) from Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The present work aims to expand the knowledge of the digenean species Prosogonotrema bilabiatum (Sclerodistomidae), a parasite of Chaetodipterus faber (Acanthuriformes) from Brazil, with an integrative taxonomic approach, using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histology, and molecular biology. METHODS: Forty-one digenean specimens were stained with hydrochloric carmine for morphological studies. Eleven parasites were dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, critical point dried with carbon dioxide, and coated with gold for scanning electron microscopy analysis. Four specimens were processed following histological routine and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gomori trichrome. DNA extracted was amplified using 28S partial primer D1-D3. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were performed for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Morphometric and morphological data of the specimens studied ranged in accordance as observed in previous descriptions of the species. Observations from scanning electron microscopy and histology corroborated with those observed in stained whole mounts. Molecular analysis showed that specimens of P. bilabiatum from Brazil clustered with another two sequences of this species from different hosts and localities, with a high node support value. CONCLUSIONS: The integrative taxonomic approach allowed to record and describe new characteristics of P. bilabiatum related to the tegument, the structure and the arrangement of its tissues. The use of molecular markers confirmed that specimens identified as P. bilabiatum from different hosts and localities are all conspecific. Further studies, mainly molecular with less conserved genetic markers, should be carried out to better understand the phylogenetic relationships of Prosogonotrema with Hemiuroidea.

Unitary evolution for a two-level quantum system in fractional-time scenario.

The time-evolution operator obtained from the fractional-time Schrödinger equation (FTSE) is said to be nonunitary since it does not preserve the norm of the vector state in time. As done in the time-dependent non-Hermitian quantum formalism, for a traceless non-Hermitian two-level quantum system, we demonstrate that it is possible to map the nonunitary time-evolution operator in a unitary one. It is done by considering a dynamical Hilbert space with a time-dependent metric operator, constructed from a Hermitian time-dependent Dyson map, in respect to which the system evolves in a unitary way, and the standard quantum mechanics interpretation can be made properly. To elucidate our approach, we consider three examples of Hamiltonian operators and their corresponding unitary dynamics obtained from the solutions of FTSE, and the respective Dyson maps.

Efficiency of random search with space-dependent diffusivity.

We address the problem of random search for a target in an environment with a space-dependent diffusion coefficient D(x). Considering a general form of the diffusion differential operator that includes Itô, Stratonovich, and Hänggi-Klimontovich interpretations of the associated stochastic process, we obtain and analyze the first-passage-time distribution and use it to compute the search efficiency E=〈1/t〉. For the paradigmatic power-law diffusion coefficient D(x)=D_{0}|x|^{α}, where x is the distance from the target and α<2, we show the impact of the different interpretations. For the Stratonovich framework, we obtain a closed-form expression for E, valid for arbitrary diffusion coefficient D(x). This result depends only on the distribution of diffusivity values and not on its spatial organization. Furthermore, the analytical expression predicts that a heterogeneous diffusivity profile leads to a lower efficiency than the homogeneous one with the same average level within the space between the target and the searcher initial position, but this efficiency can be exceeded for other interpretations.

Papillary renal cell neoplasm with reverse polarity: A new subtype of renal tumour with favorable prognosis.

INTRODUCTION: Papillary renal cell neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) has recently been recognized as an entity separate from the traditional classification of papillary renal cell carcinomas, due to its specific histopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular characteristics, as well as its indolent behavior. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We provide 6 new cases and a review of the literature published until the present time, which comprises a total number of 104 cases. RESULTS: Our PRNRP cases correspond to 5 men and one woman aged between 47 and 91 years. In 5 of the 6 cases, the PRNRP was an incidental finding in nephrectomy specimens. Nephrectomy had been indicated due to the presence of another renal tumor, except for one case, in which surgical intervention was indicated due to PRNRP. Our cases present mass sizes between 2 and 13 mm, as well as papillary histology with a monolayered lining of eosinophilic cells with low-grade nuclei in apical location. Immunohistochemically, they show a constant positivity for GATA3 and negativity for vimentin. KRAS mutations were identified in 50% of our cases. After a follow-up ranging between one and 60 months, 5 of the cases were still alive without recurrences or metastases, and one died from urothelial carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases agree with the clinical and pathological characteristics described in the PRNRP cases published to date. With the present study, we provide the first series of national cases corroborating the existence of well-defined and constant diagnostic criteria that allow PRNRP to be considered as a distinctive entity.

[Features of macular ganglion cell complex in normal black subject in Lomé]. / Caractéristiques du complexe de cellules ganglionnaires chez le sujet normal à Lomé.

PURPOSE: To determine the features of the macular ganglion cell complex and its correlations in normal black subjects in Lomé. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, analytical, retrospective study over 32 months from November 2014 to June 2017. This study was based on records of healthy patients with normal IOP, optic discs and ganglion cell complexes (GCC). The 3D - OCT 2000 (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used with standard image acquisition protocols. RNFL and the GCC parameters were analyzed. Univariate linear regression tests were used, with the Pearson correlation coefficient (r2) to assess correlations between the various parameters. RESULTS: A total of 277 eyes of 155 patients were examined - 146 right eyes and 131 left eyes. The mean age of the patients was 37.7±15.2 (5-60) years. The mean RNFL thickness was 108.3±7.1µm, 134.8±11.1µm in the lower quadrant, 128.3±13.8µm in the upper, 92.2±12.8µm in the nasal and 77.9±11.6µm in the temporal quadrant. There was 6% asymmetry in the macular fibers, with a mean thickness of 33.1±3.5µm superiorly and 35.3±3.8µm inferiorly. There was 2% asymmetry in the macular cells, with a mean thickness of 71.6±5.7µm superiorly and 70.5±5.2µm inferiorly. The macular GCC thickness showed 1% asymmetry, with a mean thickness of 105.0±7.1µm superiorly and 106.1±6.7µm inferiorly. The thickness of the superior macular GCC was strongly correlated with the inferior (r2=0.8; p <0.05). The thickness of the macular GCC was weakly correlated with age (r2=0.05; p =0.0003), gender (r2=0.01; p =0.2), optic nerve head surface area (r2=0.2; p < 0.05) and RNFL thickness (r2=0.15; p <0.05) CONCLUSION: The results of this study will help to establish a normative database for GCC parameters in normal black Africans.

Statistical modeling of diffusive CO2 emissions before the creation of the SINOP hydroelectric reservoir, Brazil.

Several discussions have arisen about energy from hydroelectric plants being considered clean energy and its reservoirs have been investigated due to the large emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The present work shows a statistical study of the diffusive CO2 emissions before the formation of the reservoir of the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) of SINOP, Brazil. The association between emissions collected at the surface (water-air) and at the bottom of the reservoir (sediment-water) was investigated during four data collection campaigns, carried out from November 2017 to September 2018. This study aims to compare the effect of reservoir depth on the diffusive flow of CO2 at 34 collection points. The variable depth analyzed was defined from points collected on the surface and bottom of the reservoir. The objective is to detect whether different periods of time and whether the depth of the reservoir have a direct impact on the behavior of diffusive CO2 emissions. As the measurements of the observational unit are repeatedly observed, there is a multilevel structure, individuals are independent of each other, but there is an intra-individual correlation. Considering this data configuration, an estimation of generalized equations (GEE) was performed, which is a technique that estimates the intra-individual correlation matrix and thus produces estimates for the parameters of the generalized regression models (Generalized Regression Models - GLM) that are not biased. The study showed that the average diffusive CO2 emissions are higher on the reservoir surface. The study also found that, on average, there are more emissions during the rainy season in the region than during the dry season.

[Preliminary study of the temporal variables of continuous speech in patients with neurodegenerative syndromes of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum]. / Estudio preliminar de variables temporales del habla continua en pacientes con síndromes neurodegenerativos del espectro degeneración lobar frontotemporal.

INTRODUCTION: Neurodegenerative diseases, especially frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease, often lead to impaired language functions, and so speech analysis can provide objective measures with which to classify the different syndromes. AIM: To study the nature, cognitive correlates and clinical utility of 21 variables related to speech and silence times. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Derivation of acoustic variables with Praat in three spontaneous speech tasks conducted in 22 subjects, distributed in six diagnostic groups (five with neurodegenerative diseases + control). A descriptive analysis is performed, with ROC and principal component curves, to study how acoustic variables are related to the different neurodegenerative syndromes and what information they can provide. RESULTS: Three groups of variables are identified related, respectively, to: a) total number of silent pauses and total duration of the task; b) variability of the phonic groups; and c) variability of the periods of silence. These components correlate differentially with the different syndromes studied. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed analysis of speech and silence times can provide relevant information for the diagnosis of different neurodegenerative syndromes that are not reflected in traditional neuropsychological assessments. Thus, the total number of silent pauses may be a valuable aid in discriminating patients with lexical access deficits, phonic group parameters seem to reflect motor speech problems, and pause variability is associated with dysexecutive and global impairment.

TITLE: Estudio preliminar de variables temporales del habla continua en pacientes con síndromes neurodegenerativos del espectro degeneración lobar frontotemporal.Introducción. Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, especialmente la degeneración lobar frontotemporal y la enfermedad de Alzheimer, conllevan a menudo una alteración de las funciones del lenguaje, por lo que el análisis del habla puede proporcionar medidas objetivas para clasificar los diferentes síndromes. Objetivo. Estudiar la naturaleza, correlatos cognitivos y utilidad clínica de 21 variables relacionadas con el tiempo de habla y de silencio. Sujetos y métodos. Derivación de variables acústicas con Praat en tres tareas de habla espontánea en 22 sujetos, distribuidos en seis grupos de diagnóstico (cinco con enfermedades neurodegenerativas + control). Se realiza un análisis descriptivo, con curvas ROC y de componentes principales, para estudiar cómo las variables acústicas se relacionan con los distintos síndromes neurodegenerativos y qué información pueden aportar. Resultados. Se identifican tres grupos de variables relacionadas, respectivamente, con: a) número total de pausas silenciosas y duración total de la tarea; b) variabilidad de los grupos fónicos, y c) variabilidad de los períodos de silencio. Dichas componentes se correlacionan diferencialmente con los distintos síndromes estudiados. Conclusiones. El análisis detallado del tiempo de habla y de silencio puede aportar información relevante para el diagnóstico de diferentes síndromes neurodegenerativos, no reflejado en las evaluaciones de neuropsicología tradicionales. Así, el número total de pausas silenciosas puede tener valor para discriminar los pacientes con déficits de acceso léxico, los parámetros del grupo fónico parecen reflejar los problemas motores del habla, mientras que la variabilidad de las pausas se asocia con el deterioro disejecutivo y global.

Comparison of the incidence of intra-operative haemorrhage from ovarian vessels during ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy of dogs and cats performed by inexperienced surgeons using surgeon's and constrictor knots.

AIMS: To compare the incidence of intra-operative haemorrhage from ovarian vessels during ovariectomy (OV) and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in dogs and cats performed by inexperienced surgeons using surgeon's and constrictor knots to ligate the ovarian pedicles. METHODS: All client-owned female dogs (n = 51) and cats (n = 102) that presented for OV or OVH at two referral clinics in Belgium and France from January to June 2019 were included. Surgeries were performed by inexperienced surgeons under the supervision of diplomates or residents of the European College of Veterinary Surgeons. During routine and emergency OV or OVH one pedicle of each animal was ligated using a constrictor knot and the other with a surgeon's knot, the side assigned randomly. Time taken to perform each knot and the number of ligatures that resulted in intraoperative haemorrhage from the ovarian vessels were recorded. Body condition score (BCS) was recorded for 33 dogs and 22 cats. RESULTS: The median time taken to perform constrictor knots in dogs (81 seconds), was longer than for surgeon's knots (69 seconds; p = 0.005). In cats, the median time taken to perform constrictor knots (109 seconds) was also longer than for surgeon's knots (90.5 seconds; p = 0.02).The number of dogs that had intra-operative haemorrhages from pedicles ligated with constrictor knots (2/102; 3.9%) was less than those ligated with surgeon's knots (10/102; 19.6%; p = 0.027). The median BCS of dogs that experienced haemorrhage (n = 8; median 5/9, min 3/9, max 7/9) was higher (p = 0.019) than that of dogs that did not experience haemorrhage (n = 25; median 4/9, min 3/9, max 8/9).There was no evidence (p = 1.0) of a difference in the proportion of cats that experienced intra-operative haemorrhage from pedicles ligated with constrictor knots (3/44; 6.8%) and those ligated with surgeon's knots (2/44; 4.5%). Two-thirds of the haemorrhages with constrictor knots were caused by pedicle rupture during tightening. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of intraoperative haemorrhage from the ovarian pedicle was lower when a constrictor knot was used compared to a surgeon's knot in dogs but not in cats. While the constrictor knot was more time consuming to tie this is not likely to have a clinical impact. Use of this knot by inexperienced surgeons in dogs may help to reduce the risk of intraoperative haemorrhage during OVH/OV.

Evaluation of the reproductive profile of Subulina octona (Gastropoda, Subulinidae) experimentally infected by Paratanaisia bragai (Digenea, Eucotylidae) / Avaliação do perfil reprodutivo de Subulina octona (Gastropoda, Subulinidae) infectada experimentalmente por Paratanaisia bragai (Digenea, Eucotylidae)

Abstract Snails infected by trematodes may increase or decrease their reproductive activity in response to the presence of infection. Our aim was to verify the reproductive alterations in Subulina octona after infection by Paratanaisia bragai. The infected snails were individually exposed for 24 hours to 20 parasite eggs and four groups were formed (10, 20, 30 and 40 d.p.i.- days after infection), along with control groups. Every 10 days, the number of eggs in the reproductive tract, number of eggs hatched, galactogen content and histopathological changes were evaluated. The reproductive in the control and infected snails presented an alternating pattern, where periods of high production of eggs and newly hatched were followed by periods of low production. However, in relation to the amount of galactogen, both control and infected groups followed the same pattern of variation. In the histology, we observed the presence of male and female gametes with marked reduction in the number of oocytes. The results indicate that the intra-snail development of the parasite affects the reproductive biology of the host.

Resumo Moluscos infectados por trematódeos podem aumentar ou diminuir sua atividade reprodutiva em resposta à presença da infecção. Nosso objetivo foi verificar as alterações reprodutivas de Subulina octona após a infecção por Paratanaisia bragai. Os moluscos infectados foram individualmente expostos durante 24 horas a 20 ovos do parasito e quatro grupos foram formados (10, 20, 30 e 40 d.p.i. - dias pós infecção), com respectivos grupos controle. A cada 10 dias, o número de ovos no trato reprodutivo, o número de ovos eclodidos, o conteúdo de galactogênio e alterações histopatológicas eram avaliadas. O padrão reprodutivo nos moluscos controle e infectados evidenciou um comportamento alternante, nos quais períodos de alta produção de ovos e filhotes foram seguidos por períodos de baixa produção. No entanto, em relação ao conteúdo de galactogênio, moluscos controle e infectados seguiram o mesmo padrão de variação. Na histologia, observamos a presença de gametas masculinos e femininos com acentuada redução no número de óocitos. Os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento intramolusco do parasito afeta a biologia reprodutiva do hospedeiro.

[Accuracy of Optical Coherence Tomography versus Ultrasound in pachymetry]. / Fiabilité de la pachymétrie par OCT comparée à la pachymétrie par ultrasons.

PURPOSE: Measuring the central corneal thickness is an important step in the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma. Ultrasound pachymetry was the gold standard before the advent of OCT. The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability of OCT pachymetry compared to ultrasound pachymetry in black patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pachymetry was performed as part of a glaucoma work-up. Ultrasonic pachymetry was measured using the Alcon Ocuscan by the same operator and OCT pachymetry using the Topcon 2000 OCT. The Student's t-test was used to compare means with statistical significance of 5%. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r2) was used to measure correlations. RESULTS: One-hundred thirty-five right eyes and 135 left eyes, corresponding to 270 eyes of 135 patients, were examined. There was a female predominance (59 men/76 women), with a gender ratio of 0.78. The mean age was 42.3±17.3 [8-86] years. In the right eye, the mean OCT pachymetry was 522.4±36.8µ versus 528.2±37.9µ for ultrasonic pachymetry (P=1.00). In the left eye, the mean OCT pachymetry was 522.0±33.8µ versus 524.9±42.5µ for ultrasonic pachymetry (P=1.00). The overall mean OCT pachymetry was 522.2±35.2µ versus 526.5±40.2µ, with a non-significant difference (P=1.00). There was a strong correlation between ultrasonic pachymetry and OCT pachymetry (r2=0.83; P<0.05). On the other hand, there was a very low correlation between pachymetry and age (r2=0.09; P<0.05). Pachymetry decreased by 5µ per 10 years, corresponding to corneal thinning of 0.5µ per year. CONCLUSION: OCT pachymetry can be a reliable alternative to ultrasound pachymetry and could be performed at the same time as the OCT for glaucoma assessment.

Tick-borne pathogens infecting dogs from a highland swamp area / [Infecção em cães por patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos em uma área de brejo de altitude]

Objetivou-se neste estudo relatar a frequência e a identidade de patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos em cães residentes de uma área caracterizada por brejo de alta altitude. Amostras sanguíneas (n=203) foram coletadas e molecularmente analisadas via PCR (Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Anaplasma spp. e Ehrlichia spp.) e sequenciamento de DNA. De todas as amostras analisadas, 8,87% (18/203) foram positivas a algum patógeno transmitido por carrapato. Especificamente, 5,42% (11/203) e 3,45% (7/203) foram positivos a Anaplasma platys e Ehrlichia canis, respectivamente. Este estudo fornece, pela primeira vez, evidência científica de infecção de cães por esses patógenos nessa área de alta altitude e reforça o provável papel de R. sanguineus s.l. como vetor de A. platys, principalmente considerando.se que muitos animais positivos eram infestados por essa espécie de carrapato.(AU)

Association of positive and negative life events with cognitive performance and psychological status in late life: A cross-sectional study in Northern Portugal.

Objectives: Life events have important effects on psychological well-being. Yet, studies have mainly focused on exploring the impact of traumatic and negative experiences on health and well-being, with positive events receiving marginal attention. In this study, we investigated the association between negative and positive life events, cognitive performance and psychological status in older individuals. Method: A cross-sectional approach with a sample of 97 community-dwelling adults, recruited from a network of 23 centres/institutions in Northern Portugal, and aged between 56 and 85 years, was conducted. All participants were evaluated through a battery of tests assessing for depressive mood, perceived stress, and cognitive functioning. Life events were measured using the Lifetime Experiences Scale (LIFES) which covers 75 life experiences organized in eight domains. Results: A total of 95.9% of the participants reported more positive life events than negative throughout life. Participants reporting more positive experiences had lower scores in the depressive mood and perceived stress measures. At the domain-level of LIFES scale, more negative experiences in the Work and Health domains were associated with a depressed mood and more perceived stress. Significant positive associations were found between positive life experiences and most cognitive measures, after controlling for sex, education, age and depressive symptoms. Namely, more positive experiences at School, Leisure, and Living conditions were positively associated with better performance across cognitive tests. Discussion: This study adds important evidence on the association between of life events, both negative and positive experiences, on cognition and psychological well-being, providing a more balanced view of the field.

Evaluation of the reproductive profile of Subulina octona (Gastropoda, Subulinidae) experimentally infected by Paratanaisia bragai (Digenea, Eucotylidae).

Snails infected by trematodes may increase or decrease their reproductive activity in response to the presence of infection. Our aim was to verify the reproductive alterations in Subulina octona after infection by Paratanaisia bragai. The infected snails were individually exposed for 24 hours to 20 parasite eggs and four groups were formed (10, 20, 30 and 40 d.p.i.- days after infection), along with control groups. Every 10 days, the number of eggs in the reproductive tract, number of eggs hatched, galactogen content and histopathological changes were evaluated. The reproductive in the control and infected snails presented an alternating pattern, where periods of high production of eggs and newly hatched were followed by periods of low production. However, in relation to the amount of galactogen, both control and infected groups followed the same pattern of variation. In the histology, we observed the presence of male and female gametes with marked reduction in the number of oocytes. The results indicate that the intra-snail development of the parasite affects the reproductive biology of the host.

Characterization of novel human intragenic antimicrobial peptides, incorporation and release studies from ureasil-polyether hybrid matrix.

Intragenic antimicrobial peptides (IAPs) are internal sequences of proteins with physicochemical similarities to Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) that, once identified and synthesized as individual entities, present antimicrobial activity. Many mature proteins encoded by the genomes of virtually any organism may be regarded as inner reservoirs of IAPs, conferring them ample biotechnological potential. However, IAPs may also share shortcomings with AMPs, such as low half-life in biological media and non-specific adsorption in eukaryotic cells. The present manuscript reports a translational approach that encompasses the uncovering of two novel IAPs from human proteins as well as the first results concerning the incorporation and sustained release of one of these peptides from ureasil-polyether hybrid polymeric films. For such, the software Kamal was used to scan putative IAPs in the human proteome, and two peptides, named Hs05 and Hs06, were identified, synthesized, and tested as antimicrobials. Biophysical assays were conducted using model phospholipid vesicles and 1H NMR solution structures in phospholipid micelles were obtained for the IAP Hs05. This peptide was incorporated in a polymeric matrix composed of the ureasil/PPO-PEO-PPO triblock copolymer, and the resulting films were evaluated by atomic force microscopy and imaging mass spectrometry. The release rate of Hs05 from the polymeric matrix was assessed and the antimicrobial activity of Hs05-loaded hybrid polymeric films was evaluated against the bacterium Escherichia coli. This study represents the first steps towards the development of polymeric films enriched with IAPs obtained from the human proteome as sustained release devices for topical application.

Critical patch size reduction by heterogeneous diffusion.

Population survival depends on a large set of factors and on how they are distributed in space. Due to landscape heterogeneity, species can occupy particular regions that provide the ideal scenario for development, working as a refuge from harmful environmental conditions. Survival occurs if population growth overcomes the losses caused by adventurous individuals that cross the patch edge. In this work, we consider a single species dynamics in a patch with a space-dependent diffusion coefficient. We show analytically, within the Stratonovich framework, that heterogeneous diffusion reduces the minimal patch size for population survival when contrasted with the homogeneous case with the same average diffusivity. Furthermore, this result is robust regardless of the particular choice of the diffusion coefficient profile. We also discuss how this picture changes beyond the Stratonovich framework. Particularly, the Itô case, which is nonanticipative, can promote the opposite effect, while Hänggi-Klimontovich interpretation reinforces the reduction effect.