[Antioxidant status evaluation in sportsmen using in their ration natural concentrated food products made by cryogenic technology].

The authors evaluated the level of products of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic component of antioxidant defense in 30 sportsmen (19-22 years) going in for boat racing at pre-competition period, after competition and during one month of subsequent planned training. At the same time, the authors assessed some indices of vitamin (А, Е, В1, В2) and mineral status of human organism (zinc, copper, iron). As the criteria of antioxidant defense status, catalase activity and ceruloplasmin level were detected in blood serum, content of products of lipid peroxidation was evaluated according to levels of malon dialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolites. To assess influence of food ration upon antioxidant defense in sportsmen, natural concentrated food products made by cryogenic technology were administrated to persons of the main group (n=15). The food products were administrated as powder in second course during organized diner. The food products were not given to persons in control group (n=15). First food product consisted of vegetable components and animal protein: cryopowders of rabbit meat, celery, onion, pumpkin, hips. Second food product consisted of cryopowders of red grape, topinambour, beet root and verdure of parsley. Both food products were given 10 grams during 15 days. Results showed before study 40% of sportsmen had high level of products of lipid peroxidation. It probably provided evidence about inadequacy of physical loads. These changes were detected against the background decreased content of vitamins А (10.0% persons), Е (40.0% persons), В2 (43.3% persons), В1 (100.0% persons), copper (30.0% persons) and iron (53.3 % persons). The preparation for sportive competitions led to augmentation of products of lipid peroxidation in control group. In persons of main group using the food products during pre-competition period, the increase of micronutrient saturation was noted; it probably positively influenced upon metabolic processes in human organism and prevented the augmentation of production of malon dialdehyde and nitric metabolites. The enzymatic component activity in control group did not change and was in the range of standard. Since the level of lipid peroxidation metabolites in blood serum in main group significantly decreased at the end of observation, but enzymatic component activity remained high (it provided evidence of higher antioxidant defense), the authors supposed aftereffect due to using in ration food products with elevated content of biologically active substances. Probably, sportsmen of main group more sufficiently endured planned physical loads. Obtained results provided evidence about availability of using food products made by cryogenic technology in ration of sportsmen of different kind of sport.

[Course of wound process in chemical burns of the stomach (results of morphological and endoscopic studies)]. / Techenie ranevogo protsessa pri khimicheskikh ozhogakh zheludka (po rezul'tatam morfologicheskogo i éndoskopicheskogo issledovanii).

The dynamics of the wound process in chemical burns of the stomach were studied on the basis of histological and endoscopic examinations. The patients who were studied were given nonoperative treatment, in all cases for corrosive gastric ulcers. The most frequent complications were cicatricial stenoses (86.6%) in involvement of the antral part of the stomach. Regeneration of the damaged tissues of the gastric wall was disturbed, the specific features of these disorders were studied.

[Surgical tactics in patients with postburn cicatricial esophageal stenosis]. / Khirurgicheskaia taktika u bol'nykh s posleozhogovymi rubtsovymi suzheniiami pishchevoda.

Surgical policy during the first years after burn was aimed at the recovery of natural nutrition. To achieve that, esophageal bougienage (503 cases) or total retrosternal esophagoplasty from the large intestine (192 cases) were performed. The authors hold that in order to attain complete medical rehabilitation for the patients, it is necessary to remove all the cicatricially changed tissues. Esophageal resection was performed in 78 patients, including 27 with preservation of the n. vagus. In the long-term postburn period, a problem arises as to the surgical correction of functional and morphological alterations associated with the establishment of artificial esophagus (80 cases including 35 patients who were operated on by S. S. Yudin). While choosing surgical policy it is necessary to take into account both the technical skills of a surgeon and the whole complex of changes in the patient's body, which have already developed and are going to develop in the future.

[Changes in the lungs in the early period of closed trauma of the thorax in rats]. / Izmeneniia v legkikh v rannem periode zakrytoi travmy grudnoi kletki u krys.

In experiments on rats it has been demonstrated that in the acute period of uninjured parts of the lungs periodic changes of protein, lipid and glucose concentrations developed. In uninjured parts of the lungs one can observe more concentration of lipids and in injured parts-more glucose. The changes of substrates, concentrations in the lungs are due to not only the changes of venous blood excess in the lungs, but are connected with metabolic changes in the cells of the injured and uninjured parts of the lungs. The metabolic changes in the lungs in the acute period of chest trauma influence the creation of such indices of gas exchange as PaCO2 and PACO2.

[Endoscopic laser therapy of chemical burns of the esophagus (clinico-morphologic studies)]. / Endoskopicheskaia lazernaia terapiia khimicheskikh ozhogov pishchevoda (kliniko-morfologicehskoe issledovanie).

Clinical and morphological studies were performed to evaluate the results of endoscopic helium-neon laser therapy in 34 patients with chemical esophageal burns. There was an accelerated epithelization of the impaired esophageal mucosa, which occurred on the second week following the esophageal burning. It was concluded that it was advisable to include local endoscopic laser therapy into the combined treatment of patients with chemical esophageal lesions.

[Iatrogenic instrumental injuries to the gastrointestinal tract]. / Iatrogennye instrumental'nye povrezhdeniia zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

Clinical-anatomical correlations are drawn for 155 cases of esophageal injuries related to instrumental investigations. These injuries involved a lethal outcome in 21% of cases. Relevant pathology is referred to as iatrogenic. The analysis suggests a relationship between an early diagnosis and outcome. Morphological characteristics are presented for esophageal injuries and associated complications. Considered are iatrogenic damage to the gastric wall due to glue application, sequelae of endoscopic choledochotomies, laparoscopies, etc. A rare complication of small intestinal intubation with resultant invagination is recorded. The complications are assessed morphologically, their outcomes are listed. The authors emphasize the significance of the clinico-morphologic analysis of each individual pathology for formulating postmortem diagnosis and cause of death.

[Morphological changes in splenic autotransplants following splenectomy: clinical and experimental studies]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia autotransplantatov selezenki posle splenéktomii v klinike i éksperimente.

Reports results of clinical, morphologic, and laboratory studies carried out in 18 patients allografted with spleen fragments into the greater omentum following splenectomy for a traumatic injury of the spleen, and in 20 splenectomized dogs allografted with spleen fragments or a spleen cell suspension into various parts of the abdominal cavity. Spleen tissue regeneration in the allografts was found to be nearing completion 6 to 8 weeks after the transplantation. The regeneration took less time to be completed in dogs grafted with spleen fragments than in those grafted with a cell suspension, but occurred at similar rates whatever the site in the abdominal cavity into which the fragments or suspension had been grafted. In the allografted patients, the incidence of posttransplantation suppurations was lower than in a similar group of patients who had undergone splenectomy without allografting.

[Spontaneous esophageal rupture]. / Spontannye razryvy pishchevoda.

Five observations of spontaneous ruptures of oesophagus with a recovery of one patient are described. Acute start, early development of the oesophageal wall phlegmona at the site of rupture followed by a bacterial shock were observed in all patients. Early drainage of the mediastinal tissues with an aspiration favoured the localization of the processes and accelerated the healing of the oesophageal wall. Mature scars were found 4 months after the rupture. Morphological study of the oesophageal wall after the rupture revealed the disturbances of the neuro-muscular coordination of the wall this being documented by a muscle atrophy in the circular layer of oesophagus. A term "spontaneous rupture" may be accepted symbolically as the morphological study indicates the alterations of muscle layers that precede the rupture and under the circumstances of an increased pressure on the oesophageal walls during vomiting may facilitate the rupture.

[Pathology of the artificial esophagus made of skin]. / Patologiia iskusstvennykh pishchevodov iz kozhi.

Clinico-anatomical analysis of changes in the artificial oesophagi made of the skin and skin additions functioning in 13 patients during 10-38 years after the completion of the oesophagoplasty is given. Fistulas in the transplant wall connected with the effect of gastric juice are found in 4 patients. Constrictions of the transplants located anterothoracally due to the compression of the skin tube by the scars and the papilloma formation on its surface were revealed in 7 patients. Carcinoma of the skin addition developed in the presence of papillomatosis in 2 patients. Morphologically, a considerable reconstruction of the epidermis in the skin transplants is found which is regarded by the authors as a protective response to the persistent action of uncommon irritators. Early diagnosis of carcinoma in these cases is difficult and needs a detailed morphological examination of deep parts of the skin transplant. It is recommended, with a goal of prevention, to limit the use of the skin for the oesophagoplasty.

[Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the course of experimental brain edema]. / Vliianie giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii na techenie oteka mozga v éksperimente.

The authors studied experimental brain edema and morphological changes in the cerebral tissue in 2 groups of animals: the test group receiving hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) and the control group. The test animals showed a more favourable course of brain injury. Microscopic examination revealed a lesser degree of brain edema and intensification of reparative processes in the cerebral tissues of animals receiving HBO.

[Late complication of angiography - thorotrastoma causing pharyngeal phlegmon]. / Pozdnee oslozhnenie angiografii - torotrastoma, vyzvavshaia flegmonu glotki.

Carotid angiography with the use of thorium dioxide for brain tumour diagnosis has been performed in a woman 35 years ago. In the course of angiography thorium dioxide penetrated into the paravascular space with subsequent development of "thorothrustoma" the clinical symptoms of which progressed for years (compression of neck organs and nerves, gradual disturbance of swallowing). As a result of compression a decubitus ulcer and phlegmona of the pharyngeal wall developed. Late diagnosis of the phlegmona and its inadequate treatment resulted in aspiration pneumonia which was a direct cause of the patients death.

[A case of combined internal and external rupture of an enlarged right heart ventricle]. / Sluchai sochetannogo vnutrennego i naruzhnogo razryva gipertrofirovannogo pravogo zheludochka serdtsa.

A rare case of successive development of internal and external rhexis of the right ventricle of the heart in myocardial infarction in a man of 50 is presented. The myocardial infarction had been preceded by chronic pulmonary diseases which resulted in the development of the pulmonary heart and chronic pulmonary-cardiac deficiency. The death was due to cardiac tamponade in connection with external cardiorhexis. Clinical and macroscopic changes in the zone of the right ventricle papillary muscle rhexis did not correspond to microscopic changes typical of this stage of infarction which the authors believe to be associated with long-term corticosteroid therapy. The lack of the signs of marked coronary sclerosis suggests that myocardial infarction of the right ventricle was due to severe hypoxia of the functionally overstrained myocardium.

[Pathologic anatomy of traumatic shock during peace time]. / Patologicheskaia anatomiia travmaticheskogo shoka mirnogo vremeni.

The study on the morphology of organs in 316 fatalities due to traumatic shock and blood loss and organs of 120 dogs and 25 rats sacrificed after reproduction of closed trauma of the chest accompanied by blood loss revealed the dependence of morphological changes on the time of shock development and the size of blood loss. Soon after trauma, disorders in the permeability of the capillary basal membrane are found against the background of massive blood loss. Disorders in hemodynamics progress during the first 24 hours when first signs of necrobiosis of the parenchymatous organs begin to appear. Circulatory disorders in the myocardium, brain, and lungs regularly found in this period aggravate the progress of hypoxia and dystrophic changes which are clearly seen in the next 2-4 days. Inadequate treatment in the first days after trauma may increase microcirculatory disorders and necrotic processes sometimes progressing in some organ to its insufficiency, more frequently observed in the lungs or heart (myocardial infarction). The dependence of the above-mentioned complications on the initial manifestations of traumatic shock combined with massive blood loss allowed them to be united into a traumatic disease described in separate phases of its development.

[Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta with stratification of the esophageal and gastric wall]. / Posttravmaticheskii razryv grudnoi aorty s rasslaivaniem stenki pishchevoda i zheludka.

An observation of a delayed posttraumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta attended by acute stratification of the esophageal and gastric wall by blood is described. The patient who had been strongly hit into the thorax in a car accident died of acute massive blood loss 10 days after the trauma. Breaks in the aortal intima occurring at the moment of the trauma may be conducive to the aortal rupture.

[Morphogenesis of acute respiratory insufficiency of different etiology]. / Morfogenez ostroi dykhatel'noi nedostatochnosti razlichnoi étiologii.

In the lungs of patients with acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI), perfusion-ventilation disorders are observed in the form of acute hemodynamic disturbances and progressive increased permeability at the level of the aerohematic barrier followed by the development of alveolitis and microatelectases associated with reduced surfactant production. The time of development of ARI depended on the disorders of ventilation of the pulmonary parenchyma of both local and central genesis. The involvement of the bronchial tree into the pathological process contributed to lung infection. Early pulmonary fibrosis due to fibrin organization in alveolar lumina developed as an ARI outcome. The ARI and severe changes in the lungs facilitated the development of metabolic disorders in the myocardium which in their turn aggravated the pulmonary pathology.