Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Glaesserella parasuis Isolated from Diseased Swine in Brazil.

Glaesserella parasuis is one of the major pathogens in swine intensive production systems. To date, 15 serovars have been described, and the prevalence of these serotypes in different geographical regions has been identified by several methods. G. parasuis outbreaks could be controlled with vaccination if it were not for serovar diversity and limited cross-serovar protection; consequently, antibiotic therapy continues to be necessary for infection control. Here, we present the isolation, identification, serotyping, and antibiotic susceptibility profiling of G. parasuis from diseased swine in Brazil. A total of 105 G. parasuis strains, originating from nine different Brazilian states, were evaluated, and serotypes 4 and 5 were found to be the most prevalent (27.6% and 24.8% respectively). Aminoglycosides, florfenicol, tiamulin, and ß-lactams were tested, and they presented lower resistant rates against G. parasuis strains. The highest resistance rates were observed against tylosin (97.1%), sulfadimethoxine (89.5%), danofloxacin (80%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62.5%), enrofloxacin (54.3%), and clindamycin (50.5%). Multidrug resistance was detected in 89.5% of tested strains, and a total of sixty resistance profiles were identified. The cluster analysis of resistance patterns showed no correlation with the isolation year or G. parasuis serotype.

Vagococcus sp. a porcine pathogen: molecular and phenotypic characterization of strains isolated from diseased pigs in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Vagococcus spp. is known for its importance as a systemic and zoonotic bacterial pathogen even though it is not often reported in pigs. This is related to the pathogen misidentification due to the lack of usage of more discriminatory diagnostic techniques. Here we present the first report of Vagococcus lutrae in swine and the characterization of Vagococcus fluvialis and Vagococcus lutrae isolated from diseased animals. METHODOLOGY: Between 2012 and 2017, 11 strains with morphological characteristics similar to Streptococcus spp. were isolated from pigs presenting different clinical signs. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical profile. Strains were further genotyped by single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP). Broth microdilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobials of veterinary interest. RESULTS: Ten strains were identified as V. fluvialis and one was identified as V. lutrae. The SE-AFLP analysis enabled the species differentiation with specific clustering of all V. fluvialis separately from the V. lutrae strain. Most strains presented growth in the maximum antibiotic concentration values tested for eight of the 10 analyzed antimicrobial classes. CONCLUSIONS: The observed resistance pattern can represent a problem for veterinary and producers in the treatment of diseases associated Vagococcus spp. in swine production. Vagococcus species may also be a risk for pig industry workers. The data described here will be of great value in further understanding the behavior of this pathogen in animal production.

Arcobacter spp. in fecal samples from Brazilian farmed caimans (Caiman yacare, Daudin 1802).

The aim of this study was to perform the identification and molecular characterization of Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter butzleri isolated from caiman (Caiman yacare), kept at a production farm, in Brazil. Forty fecal samples were analyzed. After isolation and identification, 21/40 strains of A. butzleri and 19/40 strains of A. cryaerophilus were subjected to PCR for potential virulence gene detection. The results of the PCR showed 38/40 strains positive for the cadF, cj1349, ciaB, and tlyA genes, 39/40 strains positive for the pldA gene, and 40/40 strains positive for the mviN gene. None of the strains presented the irgA gene. Hemagglutinin (hecA gene) and hemolysin (hecB) genes were detected in 21/40 and 16/40 strains, respectively. The SE-AFLP showed a great genetic diversity, but some clonally groups were disseminated in various tanks. These data reveal that the strains presented the same virulence traits described from Arcobacter isolated from food-borne disease in humans.

Draft Genome Sequence of Non-O1 and Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Strain VCC19.

Vibrio cholerae O1 is the causative agent of cholera and is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, while V. cholerae strains non-O1 and non-O139 are recognized as causative agents of sporadic and localized outbreaks of diarrhea. Here, we report the complete sequence of a non-O1 and non-O139 V. cholerae strain (VCC19), which was isolated from the environment in Brazil. The sequence includes the integrative conjugative element (ICE). This paper is the first report of the presence of such an element in a V. cholerae strain isolated in Brazil.

Avaliação da performance de metodologias de detecção de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. em água destinada ao consumo humano, para o atendimento às demandas da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental no Brasil / Performance evaluation of different methodologies for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in water for human consumption to meet the demands of the Environmental Health Surveillance in Brazil

Objetivo: avaliar a performance de três protocolos de concentração de cistos e oocistos em amostras de água bruta de rios brasileiros. Métodos: os protocolos estudados foram precipitação química, filtração em membranas de 47mm de diâmetro e 3μm de porosidade nominal e filtração com o sistema Filta-Max®. Amostras de água bruta coletadas de rios nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais foram analisadas após contaminação artificial. Os resultados de precisão inicial e recuperação de organismos marcados (Color-Seed®) foram comparados com os critérios da Agencia de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos da Améri¬ca (USEPA). Resultados: Nos ensaios de precisão inicial para cistos de Giardia, a filtração em membranas e com Filta-Max® atingiram os critérios da USEPA para recuperação de cistos. Para Cryptosporidium, somente o procedimento com Filta-Max® alcançou os critérios. Conclusão: o sistema Filta-Max® foi o único método que atingiu todos os critérios para identificação de Cryptosporidium e Giardia em água.

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate three different concentration protocols of cysts and oocysts in raw water samples in Brazilian rivers. Methods: the protocols studied were chemical precipitation, filtration in membranes of 47mm of diameter versus nominal porosity of 3µm and filtration using Filta-Max® system. The raw water samples collectedfrom rivers in the states of São Paulo andMinas Gerais were analyzed after being seeded with Color-Seed®. The results of initial precision using filtration in membranes and recovery of Color-Seed® organisms were compared to the acceptance criteria established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Results: The study of initial precision to Giardia using filtration in membranes and recovery of Color-Seed® met the USEPA criteria; for Cryptosporidium only the Filta-Max® achieved the established criteria. Conclusion: Filta-Max® system showed to be the only method that achieved all the performance criteria for identification of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water.