[Of neurological disorders in extreme conditions and emergency situations]. / Korrektsiya nevrologicheskikh narushenii v ekstremal'nykh usloviyakh i chrezvychainykh situatsiyakh.

The review examines the features of neurological disorders that develop in a contingent of people staying in war zones, extreme conditions and emergency situations. The structure of combat injuries is currently dominated by shrapnel and mine-explosive head injuries, craniocerebral trauma, compression and concussion of the brain. Traumatic wounds and features of military service in conditions of high risk and extreme physical exertion are accompanied by asthenia, cognitive disorders and mental disorders of varying severity. Substantiated is the use of Cortexin in craniocerebral and combined combat injuries received by military personnel and civilians in the centers of hostilities; with asthenic and anxiety-depressive disorders, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, as well as to increase the body's resistance to adverse and extreme effects.

Determination of the Prevalence of Postcovid Syndrome and Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Drug Cortexin in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders in Patients with Postcovid Syndrome. Results of the CORTEX Multicenter Clinical and Epidemiological Observational Program.

Objectives. To study the prevalence and clinical manifestations of postcovid syndrome (PCS) in out-patients and to assess the efficacy of treatment with the drug Cortexin at doses of 10 and 20 mg i.m. for 10 days. Materials and methods. A total of 979 patients with PCS from regions of the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan were studied; mean age was 54.6 ± 4.5 years; duration of COVID-19 was from one month upwards. Investigations involved three visits. The first was on the day of consultation (assessment of complaints, analysis of scale indicators, prescription of drug Cortexin at a dose of 10 or 20 mg i.m. for 10 days). The second visit (telephone consultation) was on day 10-14. The third visit was on day 30 of out-patient treatment. Assessment of patients' status used an asthenia assessment scale (MFI-20), a brief mental state assessment scale (MMSE), the Schulte test, and the Subjective Treatment Quality Assessment Scale. Results. The proportion of patients with PCS was up to 30% of all neurological admissions. The commonest manifestations were: fatigue, general weakness, decreased memory and concentration of attention, vertigo, sleep impairment, irritability, and aggression; less frequent were breathlessness, pain, increased sweating, anosmia, hyposmia, dysgeusia, paresthesia, hair loss, degradation of vision, tachycardia, allergic reactions, menstrual cycle impairments, erectile dysfunction, panic attacks, suicidal ideation, depression and refusal to eat meat. Conclusions: No associations were found between clinical symptomatology and the severity of COVID-19, the volume of lung tissue affected, or different periods of postcovid syndrome. Cortexin was found to be effective at doses of 10 and 20 mg for correcting the cognitive and asthenic manifestations of PCS. Cortexin was found to have anti-anxiety, antidepressant, and anxiolytic effects, which were more marked at the 20-mg dose.

[Determination of the prevalence of postcovid syndrome and assessment of the effectiveness of the drug Cortexin in the treatment of neurological disorders in patients with postcovid syndrome. Results of the multicenter clinical and epidemiological observational program CORTEX]. / Opredelenie rasprostranennosti postkovidnogo sindroma i otsenka effektivnosti preparata Korteksin v terapii nevrologicheskikh narushenii u patsientov s postkovidnym sindromom. Rezul'taty mnogotsentrovoi nablyudatel'noi programmy KORTEKS.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of clinical manifestations of postcoid syndrome in patients at an outpatient neurological appointment, to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy regimens using Cortexin at doses of 10 mg and 20 mg IM for 10 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 674 neurologists from all regions of the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan took part in the study. A total of 979 COVID-19 patients were recruited. The average age is 54.6±0.45 years. The duration of the transferred SARS-CoV-2 days and from 1 month or more 12. 3 visits were carried out: 1 on the day of treatment (assessment of complaints, analysis of scale indicators, prescription of the drug Cortexin in doses of 10-20 mg/m for 10 days). 2 (telephone survey) visit for 10-14 days, 3 visit - for 30 days at the reception. The condition was assessed using the Asthenia Assessment Scale (MFI-20), the Brief Mental Status Assessment Scale (MMSE questionnaire), the Schulte test, and the Subjective Treatment Quality Assessment Scale. RESULTS: The daily proportion of patients with complaints after a previous coronavirus infection was 30% in the total structure of neurological admission. The most common complaints: fatigue, general weakness, decreased memory and concentration, dizziness, sleep disturbance, irritability, aggression, shortness of breath, pain syndromes, excessive sweating, anosmia, hyposmia, perverted taste of paresthesia, hair loss, blurred vision, unstable blood pressure, tachycardia, allergic reactions, menstrual irregularities, erectile dysfunction, apathy, panic attacks, suicidal thoughts, depression, refusal to eat meat. CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation of clinical symptoms with the severity of COVID-19, the percentage of lung tissue damage, and different periods of postcovid syndrome. The clinical efficacy of the drug Cortexin in dosages of 10 and 20 mg for the correction of cognitive and asthenic disorders has been proven. Revealed anti-anxiety, antidepressant and anxiolytic activity of Cortexin is more pronounced when using a dosage of 20 mg.

[Multimodal therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease]. / Mul'timodal'nye terapevticheskie strategii v lechenii tserebrovaskulyarnoi bolezni.

The review presents the scientific substantiation of the relationship between age-related cerebrovascular changes and dysregulation of cerebral perfusion, blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and neurovascular units. The ischemic cascade in cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is considered, the main links of which are glutamate excitoxicosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Endothelial dysfunction and increased BBB permeability play an important role in the development of neuroinflammation. The use of multifunctional drugs aimed at various pathological targets of acute and chronic cerebral ischemia for the purpose of neuroprotection has been substantiated. These drugs include the peptide Cortexin (cattle cerebral cortex polypeptides). Experimental data on the study of its molecular partners in the brain are presented. The clinical efficacy of Cortexin as a neuroprotective drug in CVD has been established in many studies.

[Human prion diseases: current issues]. / Prionnye zabolevaniia cheloveka: sovremennye aspekty.

Prion diseases, or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are a group of neurodegenerative diseases with progressive dementia and movement disorders. There are three variants of prion diseases pathogenesis: direct contamination, genetic and sporadic forms. The following clinical forms are known: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (common type), variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, variably protease-sensitive prionopathy, fatal insomnia and fatal familial insomnia, kuru, prion disease associated with diarrhea and autonomic neuropathy. Clinical characteristic of prion diseases, molecular-genetic aspects of their pathogenesis and current diagnostic approaches are discussed. Because of the lack of effective treatment, prevention of both alimentary prion infections (consumption of contaminated meat products) and transmissible iatrogenic infections (the use of biopreparations from animal tissues) is important. The safety of such biopreparations should be ensured by modern manufacturing technologies and specially developed procedures that meet international requirements and standards.