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2.
Cell Commun Signal ; 22(1): 277, 2024 May 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38755629

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are the most studied anti-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family proteins. We previously characterized both of them, not only for their role in regulating apoptosis and resistance to therapy in cancer cells, but also for their non-canonical functions, mainly including promotion of cancer progression, metastatization, angiogenesis, and involvement in the crosstalk among cancer cells and components of the tumor microenvironment. Our goal was to identify transcriptional signature and novel cellular pathways specifically modulated by Bcl-2. METHODS: We performed RNAseq analysis of siRNA-mediated transient knockdown of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL in human melanoma cells and gene ontology analysis to identify a specific Bcl-2 transcriptional signature. Expression of genes modulated by Bcl-2 and associated to Hippo pathway were validated in human melanoma, breast adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines by qRT-PCR. Western blotting analysis were performed to analyse protein expression of upstream regulators of YAP and in relation to different level of Bcl-2 protein. The effects of YAP silencing in Bcl-2 overexpressing cancer cells were evaluated in migration and cell viability assays in relation to different stiffness conditions. In vitro wound healing assays and co-cultures were used to evaluate cancer-specific Bcl-2 ability to activate fibroblasts. RESULTS: We demonstrated the Bcl-2-dependent modulation of Hippo Pathway in cancer cell lines from different tumor types by acting on upstream YAP regulators. YAP inhibition abolished the ability of Bcl-2 to increase tumor cell migration and proliferation on high stiffness condition of culture, to stimulate in vitro fibroblasts migration and to induce fibroblasts activation. CONCLUSIONS: We discovered that Bcl-2 regulates the Hippo pathway in different tumor types, promoting cell migration, adaptation to higher stiffness culture condition and fibroblast activation. Our data indicate that Bcl-2 inhibitors should be further investigated to counteract cancer-promoting mechanisms.


Assuntos
Movimento Celular , Via de Sinalização Hippo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Sinalização YAP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Sinalização YAP/genética , Proteína bcl-X/metabolismo , Proteína bcl-X/genética , Proliferação de Células , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Fibroblastos/metabolismo
3.
J Transl Med ; 22(1): 213, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38424512

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: First identified in Drosophila melanogaster, the Hippo pathway is considered a major regulatory cascade controlling tissue homeostasis and organ development. Hippo signaling components include kinases whose activity regulates YAP and TAZ final effectors. In response to upstream stimuli, YAP and TAZ control transcriptional programs involved in cell proliferation, cytoskeletal reorganization and stemness. MAIN TEXT: While fine tuning of Hippo cascade components is essential for maintaining the balance between proliferative and non-proliferative signals, pathway signaling is frequently dysregulated in gastrointestinal cancers. Also, YAP/TAZ aberrant activation has been described in conditions characterized by chronic inflammation that precede cancer development, suggesting a role of Hippo effectors in triggering carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the architecture of the Hippo pathway and discuss the involvement of signaling cascade unbalances in premalignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, providing a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: The biology of premalignant Hippo signaling dysregulation needs further investigation in order to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories triggering cancer inititation and develop effective early therapeutic strategies targeting the Hippo/YAP pathway.


Assuntos
Via de Sinalização Hippo , Neoplasias , Animais , Drosophila melanogaster , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Transdução de Sinais , Trato Gastrointestinal
4.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Nov 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38076973

RESUMO

Metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, yet understanding how metastatic tumors adapt from their origin to target tissues is challenging. To address this, we assessed whether primary and metastatic tumors resemble their tissue of origin or target tissue in terms of gene expression. We analyzed gene expression profiles from various cancer types, including single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data, in both paired and unpaired primary and metastatic patient cohorts. We quantified the transcriptomic distances between tumor samples and their normal tissues, revealing that primary tumors are more similar to their tissue of origin, while metastases shift towards the target tissue. Pathway-level analysis highlighted critical transcriptomic changes during metastasis. Notably, primary cancers exhibited higher activity in cancer hallmarks, including Activating Invasion and Metastasis , compared to metastatic cancers. This comprehensive landscape analysis provides insight into how cancer tumors adapt to their metastatic environments, providing a transcriptome-wide view of the processes involved.

5.
J Transl Med ; 21(1): 725, 2023 10 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37845764

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Molecular Tumor Boards (MTB) operating in real-world have generated limited consensus on good practices for accrual, actionable alteration mapping, and outcome metrics. These topics are addressed herein in 124 MTB patients, all real-world accrued at progression, and lacking approved therapy options. METHODS: Actionable genomic alterations identified by tumor DNA (tDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling were mapped by customized OncoKB criteria to reflect diagnostic/therapeutic indications as approved in Europe. Alterations were considered non-SoC when mapped at either OncoKB level 3, regardless of tDNA/ctDNA origin, or at OncoKB levels 1/2, provided they were undetectable in matched tDNA, and had not been exploited in previous therapy lines. RESULTS: Altogether, actionable alterations were detected in 54/124 (43.5%) MTB patients, but only in 39 cases (31%) were these alterations (25 from tDNA, 14 from ctDNA) actionable/unexploited, e.g. they had not resulted in the assignment of pre-MTB treatments. Interestingly, actionable and actionable/unexploited alterations both decreased (37.5% and 22.7% respectively) in a subset of 88 MTB patients profiled by tDNA-only, but increased considerably (77.7% and 66.7%) in 18 distinct patients undergoing combined tDNA/ctDNA testing, approaching the potential treatment opportunities (76.9%) in 147 treatment-naïve patients undergoing routine tDNA profiling for the first time. Non-SoC therapy was MTB-recommended to all 39 patients with actionable/unexploited alterations, but only 22 (56%) accessed the applicable drug, mainly due to clinical deterioration, lengthy drug-gathering procedures, and geographical distance from recruiting clinical trials. Partial response and stable disease were recorded in 8 and 7 of 19 evaluable patients, respectively. The time to progression (TTP) ratio (MTB-recommended treatment vs last pre-MTB treatment) exceeded the conventional Von Hoff 1.3 cut-off in 9/19 cases, high absolute TTP and Von Hoff values coinciding in 3 cases. Retrospectively, 8 patients receiving post-MTB treatment(s) as per physician's choice were noted to have a much longer overall survival from MTB accrual than 11 patients who had received no further treatment (35.09 vs 6.67 months, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: MTB-recommended/non-SoC treatments are effective, including those assigned by ctDNA-only alterations. However, real-world MTBs may inadvertently recruit patients electively susceptible to diverse and/or multiple treatments.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Estados Unidos , Humanos , National Cancer Institute (U.S.) , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mutação , Neoplasias/genética , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética
6.
Neoplasia ; 45: 100937, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37769528

RESUMO

The therapeutic scenario of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) has been recently enriched by a number of innovative agents, which are reshaping treatment sequence. While randomized trials have documented an advantage in terms of efficacy, for the newly available agents we lack effectiveness and tolerability evidence from the real-world setting. Similarly, the identification of predictive biomarkers might improve clinical decision. We herein describe the outline of a prospective/retrospective study which aims to explore the optimal sequence of treatment in HER2+, pertuzumab pre-treated ABC patients treated in II line with anti-HER2 agents in clinical practice. As part of the pre-clinical tasks envisioned by the STEP study, in vitro cell models of resistance were exploited to investigate molecular features associated with reduced efficacy of HER2 targeting agents at the transcript level. The aggressive behavior of resistant cell populations was measured by growth assessment in mouse models. This approach led to the identification of DARPP-32 and t-DARPP proteins as possible predictive biomarkers of efficacy of anti-HER2 agents. Biomarkers validation and the clinical goals will be reached through patients' inclusion into two independent cohorts, i.e., the prospective and retrospective cohorts, whose setup is currently ongoing.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Trastuzumab/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Fosfoproteína 32 Regulada por cAMP e Dopamina , Biomarcadores , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica
7.
Cell Death Dis ; 14(8): 535, 2023 08 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37598177

RESUMO

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapy (HIPEC) increases local drug concentrations and reduces systemic side effects associated with prolonged adjuvant intraperitoneal exposure in patients affected by either peritoneal malignancies or metastatic diseases originating from gastric, colon, kidney, and ovarian primary tumors. Mechanistically, the anticancer effects of HIPEC have been poorly explored. Herein we documented that HIPEC treatment promoted miR-145-5p expression paired with a significant downregulation of its oncogenic target genes c-MYC, EGFR, OCT4, and MUC1 in a pilot cohort of patients with ovarian peritoneal metastatic lesions. RNA sequencing analyses of ovarian peritoneal metastatic nodules from HIPEC treated patients unveils HSF-1 as a transcriptional regulator factor of miR-145-5p expression. Notably, either depletion of HSF-1 expression or chemical inhibition of its transcriptional activity impaired miR-145-5p tumor suppressor activity and the response to cisplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines incubated at 42 °C. In aggregate, our findings highlight a novel transcriptional network involving HSF-1, miR145-5p, MYC, EGFR, MUC1, and OCT4 whose proper activity contributes to HIPEC anticancer efficacy in the treatment of ovarian metastatic peritoneal lesions.


Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Humanos , Feminino , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Genes myc , Fatores de Transcrição de Choque Térmico/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Linhagem Celular , Receptores ErbB , MicroRNAs/genética
8.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 3795, 2023 06 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37365156

RESUMO

The transcription factor ΔNp63 regulates epithelial stem cell function and maintains the integrity of stratified epithelial tissues by acting as transcriptional repressor or activator towards a distinct subset of protein-coding genes and microRNAs. However, our knowledge of the functional link between ∆Np63 transcriptional activity and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression is quite limited. Here, we show that in proliferating human keratinocytes ∆Np63 represses the expression of the lncRNA NEAT1 by recruiting the histone deacetylase HDAC1 to the proximal promoter of NEAT1 genomic locus. Upon induction of differentiation, ∆Np63 down-regulation is associated by a marked increase of NEAT1 RNA levels, resulting in an increased assembly of paraspeckles foci both in vitro and in human skin tissues. RNA-seq analysis associated with global DNA binding profile (ChIRP-seq) revealed that NEAT1 associates with the promoter of key epithelial transcription factors sustaining their expression during epidermal differentiation. These molecular events might explain the inability of NEAT1-depleted keratinocytes to undergo the proper formation of epidermal layers. Collectively, these data uncover the lncRNA NEAT1 as an additional player of the intricate network orchestrating epidermal morphogenesis.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Queratinócitos , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Regulação para Baixo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo
9.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res ; 42(1): 66, 2023 Mar 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36932446

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Altered microRNA profiles have been observed not only in tumour tissues but also in biofluids, where they circulate in a stable form thus representing interesting biomarker candidates. This study aimed to identify a microRNA signature as a non-invasive biomarker and to investigate its impact on glioma biology. METHODS: MicroRNAs were selected using a global expression profile in preoperative serum samples from 37 glioma patients. Comparison between serum samples from age and gender-matched controls was performed by using the droplet digital PCR. The ROC curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic/prognostic values. The functional role of the identified signature was assessed by gain/loss of function strategies in glioma cells. RESULTS: A three-microRNA signature (miR-1-3p/-26a-1-3p/-487b-3p) was differentially expressed in the serum of patients according to the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes mutation status and correlated with both patient Overall and Progression Free Survival. The identified signature was also downregulated in the serum of patients compared to controls. Consistent with these results, the signature expression and release in the conditioned medium of glioma cells was lower in IDH-wild type cells compared to the mutated counterpart. Furthermore, in silico analysis of glioma datasets showed a consistent deregulation of the signature according to the IDH mutation status in glioma tumour tissues. Ectopic expression of the signature negatively affects several glioma functions. Notably, it impacts the glioma invasive phenotype by directly targeting the invadopodia-related proteins TKS4, TKS5 and EFHD2. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a three microRNA signature as a promising complementary or even an independent non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker. The signature displays oncosuppressive functions in glioma cells and impacts on proteins crucial for migration and invasion, providing potential targets for therapeutic intervention.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , MicroRNA Circulante , Glioma , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Glioma/patologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Prognóstico , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transporte Vesicular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio
10.
Cell Death Dis ; 14(1): 21, 2023 01 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36635265

RESUMO

The Hippo pathway plays a critical role for balancing proliferation and differentiation, thus regulating tissue homeostasis. The pathway acts through a kinase cascade whose final effectors are the Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog transcriptional co­activator with PDZ­binding motif (TAZ). In response to a variety of upstream signals, YAP and TAZ activate a transcriptional program that modulates cellular proliferation, tissue repair after injury, stem cell fate decision, and cytoskeletal reorganization. Hippo pathway signaling is often dysregulated in gastric cancer and in Helicobacter pylori-induced infection, suggesting a putative role of its deregulation since the early stages of the disease. In this review, we summarize the architecture and regulation of the Hippo pathway and discuss how its dysregulation fuels the onset and progression of gastric cancer. In this setting, we also focus on the crosstalk between Hippo and other established oncogenic signaling pathways. Lastly, we provide insights into the therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant YAP/TAZ activation and discuss the related clinical perspectives and challenges.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Via de Sinalização Hippo , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Infecções por Helicobacter/genética , Helicobacter pylori , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
11.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res ; 41(1): 148, 2022 Apr 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35440004

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite the promise of dual BRAF/MEK inhibition as a therapy for BRAF-mutant (BRAF-mut) melanoma, heterogeneous responses have been observed in patients, thus predictors of benefit from therapy are needed. We have previously identified semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) as a BRAF-mut-associated protein involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The purpose of the present study is to dissect the role of SEMA6A in the biology of BRAF-mut melanoma, and to explore its predictive potential towards dual BRAF/MEK inhibition. METHODS: SEMA6A expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in melanoma cohort RECI1 (N = 112) and its prognostic potential was investigated in BRAF-mut melanoma patients from DFCI and TCGA datasets (N = 258). The molecular mechanisms regulated by SEMA6A to sustain tumor aggressiveness and targeted therapy resistance were investigated in vitro by using BRAF-mut and BRAF-wt melanoma cell lines, an inducible SEMA6A silencing cell model and a microenvironment-mimicking fibroblasts-coculturing model. Finally, SEMA6A prediction of benefit from dual BRAF/MEK inhibition was investigated in melanoma cohort RECI2 (N = 14). RESULTS: Our results indicate higher protein expression of SEMA6A in BRAF-mut compared with BRAF-wt melanoma patients and show that SEMA6A is a prognostic indicator in BRAF-mut melanoma from TCGA and DFCI patients cohorts. In BRAF-mut melanoma cells, SEMA6A coordinates actin cytoskeleton remodeling by the RhoA-dependent activation of YAP and dual BRAF/MEK inhibition by dabrafenib+trametinib induces SEMA6A/RhoA/YAP axis. In microenvironment-mimicking co-culture condition, fibroblasts confer to melanoma cells a proliferative stimulus and protect them from targeted therapies, whereas SEMA6A depletion rescues the efficacy of dual BRAF/MEK inhibition. Finally, in BRAF-mut melanoma patients treated with dabrafenib+trametinib, high SEMA6A predicts shorter recurrence-free interval. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results indicate that SEMA6A contributes to microenvironment-coordinated evasion of melanoma cells from dual BRAF/MEK inhibition and it might be a good candidate predictor of short-term benefit from dual BRAF/MEK inhibition.


Assuntos
Melanoma , Semaforinas , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/metabolismo , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Mutação , Prognóstico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/metabolismo , Semaforinas/genética , Semaforinas/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo
12.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 119(10): e2104718119, 2022 03 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35235452

RESUMO

SignificanceΔNp63 is a master regulator of skin homeostasis since it finely controls keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Here, we provide cellular and molecular evidence demonstrating the functional role of a ΔNp63 interactor, the R-loop-resolving enzyme Senataxin (SETX), in fine-tuning keratinocyte differentiation. We found that SETX physically binds the p63 DNA-binding motif present in two early epidermal differentiation genes, Keratin 1 (KRT1) and ZNF750, facilitating R-loop removal over their 3' ends and thus allowing efficient transcriptional termination and gene expression. These molecular events translate into the inability of SETX-depleted keratinocytes to undergo the correct epidermal differentiation program. Remarkably, SETX is dysregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , Epiderme/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Enzimas Multifuncionais/metabolismo , RNA Helicases/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Terminação da Transcrição Genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , DNA Helicases/genética , Humanos , Queratina-1/biossíntese , Queratina-1/genética , Células MCF-7 , Enzimas Multifuncionais/genética , RNA Helicases/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/biossíntese , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética
13.
J Thorac Oncol ; 17(6): 751-757, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35351670

RESUMO

Mutations in the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway are common in NSCLC, albeit with a prevalence of KEAP1 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma and an equal representation of KEAP1 and NFE2L2 (the gene encoding for NRF2) alterations in lung squamous cell carcinoma. The KEAP1-NRF2 axis is a crucial modulator of cellular homeostasis, enabling cells to tolerate oxidative and metabolic stresses, and xenobiotics. The complex cytoprotective response orchestrated by NRF2-mediated gene transcription embraces detoxification mechanisms, ferroptosis protection, and metabolic reprogramming. Given that the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway controls core cellular functions, it is not surprising that a number of clinical studies connected KEAP1 mutations to increased resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted agents. More recently, an immune-cold tumor microenvironment was described as a typical feature of KEAP1-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Consistently, a reduced efficacy of immunotherapy was reported in the KEAP1-mutant background. Nevertheless, the connection between KEAP1 and immune resistance seems more complex and dependent on coexisting genomic alterations. Given the clinical implications of deregulated KEAP1-NRF2 pathway in lung cancer, the development of pathway-directed anticancer treatments should be considered a priority in the domain of thoracic oncology.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Humanos , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mutação , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral
15.
J Thorac Oncol ; 16(12): 2065-2077, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34450259

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The connection between driver mutations and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is the focus of intense investigations. In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), KEAP1/STK11 alterations have been tied to immunoresistance. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity characterizing immunotherapy efficacy suggests the contribution of still unappreciated events. METHODS: Somatic interaction analysis of top-ranking mutant genes in LUAD was carried out in the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) (N = 6208). Mutational processes, intratumor heterogeneity, evolutionary trajectories, immunologic features, and cancer-associated signatures were investigated, exploiting multiple data sets (AACR GENIE, The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA], TRAcking Cancer Evolution through therapy [Rx]). The impact of the proposed subtyping on survival outcomes was assessed in two independent cohorts of immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients: the tissue-based sequencing cohort (Rome/Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, tissue-based next-generation sequencing [NGS] cohort, N = 343) and the blood-based sequencing cohort (OAK/POPLAR trials, blood-based NGS cohort, N = 304). RESULTS: Observing the neutral interaction between KEAP1 and TP53, KEAP1/TP53-based subtypes were dissected at the molecular and clinical levels. KEAP1 single-mutant (KEAP1 SM) and KEAP1/TP53 double-mutant (KEAP1/TP53 DM) LUAD share a transcriptomic profile characterized by the overexpression of AKR genes, which are under the control of a productive superenhancer with NEF2L2-binding signals. Nevertheless, KEAP1 SM and KEAP1/TP53 DM tumors differ by mutational repertoire, degree of intratumor heterogeneity, evolutionary trajectories, pathway-level signatures, and immune microenvironment composition. In both cohorts (blood-based NGS and tissue-based NGS), KEAP1 SM tumors had the shortest survival; the KEAP1/TP53 DM subgroup had an intermediate prognosis matching that of pure TP53 LUAD, whereas the longest survival was noticed in the double wild-type group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide a framework for genomically-informed immunotherapy, highlighting the importance of multimodal data integration to achieve a clinically exploitable taxonomy.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/terapia , Genômica , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Mutação , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética
16.
Cell Death Differ ; 28(7): 2060-2082, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33531658

RESUMO

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor subpopulations driving disease development, progression, relapse and therapy resistance, and their targeting ensures tumor eradication. CSCs display heterogeneous replication stress (RS), but the functionality/relevance of the RS response (RSR) centered on the ATR-CHK1 axis is debated. Here, we show that the RSR is efficient in primary CSCs from colorectal cancer (CRC-SCs), and describe unique roles for PARP1 and MRE11/RAD51. First, we demonstrated that PARP1 is upregulated in CRC-SCs resistant to several replication poisons and RSR inhibitors (RSRi). In these cells, PARP1 modulates replication fork speed resulting in low constitutive RS. Second, we showed that MRE11 and RAD51 cooperate in the genoprotection and mitosis execution of PARP1-upregulated CRC-SCs. These roles represent therapeutic vulnerabilities for CSCs. Indeed, PARP1i sensitized CRC-SCs to ATRi/CHK1i, inducing replication catastrophe, and prevented the development of resistance to CHK1i. Also, MRE11i + RAD51i selectively killed PARP1-upregulated CRC-SCs via mitotic catastrophe. These results provide the rationale for biomarker-driven clinical trials in CRC using distinct RSRi combinations.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína Homóloga a MRE11/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Rad51 Recombinase/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Replicação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Proteína Homóloga a MRE11/genética , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/genética , Rad51 Recombinase/genética
18.
J Immunother Cancer ; 8(2)2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32759236

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide significant survival benefits in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, while some patients obtain a prolonged benefit, a non-negligible fraction of patients experiences an ultrarapid disease progression. Identifying specific molecular backgrounds predicting opposite outcomes is instrumental to optimize the use of these agents in clinical practice. METHODS: We carried out an observational study with prospective design envisioning targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) with an approved assay in 55 patients with metastatic NSCLC (Rome cohort), of whom 35 were treated with ICIs. Data from three clinically comparable datasets were collected and combined into a metadataset containing 779 patients. The datasets were related to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cohort (tissue-based NGS) and the randomized phase II and III POPLAR and OAK trials (blood-based NGS). RESULTS: In patients treated with ICIs in the Rome cohort, co-occurring mutations in NOTCH1-3 and homologous repair (HR) genes were associated with durable clinical benefit. Using the MSKCC/POPLAR/OAK metadaset, we confirmed the relationship between the NOTCHmut/HRmut signature and longer progression-free survival (PFS) in ICI-treated patients (multivariate Cox: HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.76, p=0.001). The NOTCHmut/HRmut genomic predictor was also associated with longer survival (log-rank p=0.008), despite patients whose tumors carried the NOTCHmut/HRmut signature had higher metastatic burden as compared with their negative counterpart. Finally, we observed that this genomic predictor was also associated with longer survival in patients with other tumor types treated with ICIs (n=1311, log-rank p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurring mutations in the NOTCH and HR pathways are associated with increased efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC. This genomic predictor deserves further investigation to fully assess its potential in informing therapeutic decisions.


Assuntos
Imunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Receptores Notch/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação
19.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 48(11): 5891-5906, 2020 06 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32421830

RESUMO

Originally identified as an RNA polymerase II interactor, Che-1/AATF (Che-1) has now been recognized as a multifunctional protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and cancer progression, as well as apoptosis inhibition and response to stress. This protein displays a peculiar nucleolar localization and it has recently been implicated in pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. Here, we report the identification of a novel function of Che-1 in the regulation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, in both cancer and normal cells. We demonstrate that Che-1 interacts with RNA polymerase I and nucleolar upstream binding factor (UBF) and promotes RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription. Furthermore, this protein binds to the rRNA gene (rDNA) promoter and modulates its epigenetic state by contrasting the recruitment of HDAC1. Che-1 downregulation affects RNA polymerase I and UBF recruitment on rDNA and leads to reducing rDNA promoter activity and 47S pre-rRNA production. Interestingly, Che-1 depletion induces abnormal nucleolar morphology associated with re-distribution of nucleolar proteins. Finally, we show that upon DNA damage Che-1 re-localizes from rDNA to TP53 gene promoter to induce cell-cycle arrest. This previously uncharacterized function of Che-1 confirms the important role of this protein in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis, cellular proliferation and response to stress.


Assuntos
Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Genes de RNAr/genética , RNA Polimerase I/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/deficiência , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular , Nucléolo Celular/metabolismo , Nucléolo Celular/patologia , Dano ao DNA , DNA Ribossômico/metabolismo , Homeostase , Humanos , Fosforilação , Proteínas Pol1 do Complexo de Iniciação de Transcrição/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Repressoras/deficiência , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Ribossomos/metabolismo
20.
J Thorac Oncol ; 14(11): 1924-1934, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31323387

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Molecular characterization studies revealed recurrent kelch like ECH associated protein 1 gene (KEAP1)/nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 gene (NFE2L2) alterations in NSCLC. These genes encode two interacting proteins (a stress response pathway [SRP]) that mediate a cytoprotective response to oxidative stress and xenobiotics. Nevertheless, whether KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations have an impact on clinical outcomes is unclear. METHODS: We performed amplicon-based next-generation sequencing to characterize the SRP in patients with metastatic NSCLC (Regina Elena National Cancer Institute cohort [n = 88]) treated with first-line chemotherapy. Mutations in the DNA damage response (tumor protein p53 gene [TP53], ATM serine/threonine kinase gene [ATM], and ATR serine/threonine kinase gene [ATR]) were concomitantly analyzed. In lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), we also determined the expression of phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein. Two independent cohorts (the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort) with data from approximately 1400 patients with advanced LAC were used to assess the reproducibility of the results. RESULTS: In the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute cohort, patients whose tumors carried mutations in the KEAP1/NFE2L2 pathway had significantly shorter progression-free survival and overall survival than their wild-type counterparts did (log-rank p = 0.006 and p = 0.018, respectively). This association was driven by LAC in which KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations were overrepresented in fast progressors and associated with an increased risk of disease progression and death. LACs carrying KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations were characterized by elevated expression of phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (pATM) kinase and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (pATR) protein in association with a pattern of mutual exclusivity with TP53 alterations. The relationship between KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations and shorter survival was validated in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center cohort (n = 1256) (log-rank p < 0.001) and in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n = 162) (log-rank p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a mutant SRP represents a negative prognostic/predictive factor in metastatic LAC and that KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations may define a molecular subtype of chemotherapy-resistant and rapidly progressing LAC.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mutação , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Masculino , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Metástase Neoplásica , Estresse Oxidativo , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida
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