Comparison of Radiographic Outcomes Assessed via the Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial Fractures and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels during the Tibial Healing Process: A Series of Case Reports.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Tibial diaphysis fractures are common injuries resulting from high-to-low-energy traumas in patients of all age groups, but few reports currently provide complementary parameters for the assessment of bone healing processes in the postoperative period. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the scores from the Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial Fractures (RUST) can promote new horizons in this context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the behavior of ALP and RUST through within-subject comparisons from immediately post-surgery to 49 days after tibial diaphysis fracture repair. METHODS: This article included four case studies where patients underwent the same procedures. Adults of both sexes aged 18 to 60 years with tibial fractures requiring surgery were included. After surgical intervention (T1), the patients were followed for 49 days after surgery, returning for follow-up appointments on the 21st (T2) and 49th (T3) days. At the follow-up appointments, new X-ray images were obtained, and blood samples were collected for ALP measurement. RESULTS: Serum ALP levels increased by T2 following tibial reamed intramedullary nailing surgery. While this increase persisted into T3 for two patients, a decline was observed during the same period for the other two patients. Both events are indicative of the bone consolidation process, and RUST scores at the T3 corroborate this perspective for all patients included in this study. Considering that delta ALP (T3-T1 value) was lower in patients who exhibited the highest RUST score, we suggest that a synchronized analysis between ALP and RUST allows medics to diagnose bone consolidation. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it can be concluded that the analysis of ALP alongside RUST may be complementary for evaluating bone consolidation following tibial reamed intramedullary nailing surgery, but future studies are needed to confirm this assertion.

Glycerophospholipids in Red Blood Cells Are Associated with Aerobic Performance in Young Swimmers.

This study aimed to characterize the composition of lipids in the red blood cells (RBCs) of adolescent swimmers and correlate this lipidome with the aerobic performance of the athletes. Five experimental assessments were performed by 37 adolescent swimmers. During the first session, the athletes went to the laboratory facility for venous blood sampling. The critical velocity protocol was conducted over the 4 subsequent days to measure aerobic performance (CV), comprising maximal efforts over distances of 100, 200, 400, and 800 m in a swimming pool. RBCs were obtained and extracted for analysis using the liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry untargeted approach. A total of 2146 ions were detected in the RBCs, of which 119 were identified. The enrichment pathway analysis indicated intermediary lipids in the glycerophospholipid, glycerolipid, sphingolipid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic metabolisms, as well as pentose and glucuronate interconversions. A significant impact of the intermediary lipids was observed for the glycerophospholipid metabolism, including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, and phosphatidic acid. Inverse and significant associations were observed for PE 18:2/18:3 (r = -0.39; p = 0.015), PC 18:3/20:0 (r = -0.33; p = 0.041), and phosphatidic acid 18:0/0:0 (r = -0.47; p = 0.003) with aerobic performance. Swimmers who exhibited higher levels of aerobic performance also had the lowest abundance of PE, PC, and phosphatidic acid.

A systematic review of exercise protocols applied to athymic mice in tumor-related experiments.

Athymic mice are unable to produce T-cells and are then characterized as immunodeficient. This characteristic makes these animals ideal for tumor biology and xenograft research. New non-pharmacological therapeutics are required owing to the exponential increase in global oncology costs over the last 10 years and the high cancer mortality rate. In this sense, physical exercise is regarded as a relevant component of cancer treatment. However, the scientific community lacks information regarding the effect of manipulating training variables on cancer in humans, and experiments with athymic mice. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to address the exercise protocols used in tumor-related experiments using athymic mice. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched without restrictions on published data. A combination of key terms such as athymic mice, nude mice, physical activity, physical exercise, and training was used. The database search retrieved 852 studies (PubMed, 245; Web of Science, 390; and Scopus, 217). After title, abstract, and full-text screening, 10 articles were eligible. Based on the included studies, this report highlights the considerable divergences in the training variables adopted for this animal model. No studies have reported the determination of a physiological marker for intensity individualization. Future studies are recommended to explore whether invasive procedures can result in pathogenic infections in athymic mice. Moreover, time-consuming tests cannot be applied to experiments with specific characteristics such as tumor implantation. In summary, non-invasive, low-cost, and time-saving approaches can suppress these limitations and improve the welfare of these animals during experiments.

Living high - training low model applied to C57BL/6J mice: Effects on physiological parameters related to aerobic fitness and acid-base balance.

There is a scarcity of data regarding the acclimation to high altitude (hypoxic environment) accompanied by training at low altitude (normoxic conditions), the so-called "living high-training low" (LHTL) model in rodents. We aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic training on C57BL/6J mice living in normoxic (NOR) or hypoxic (HYP) environments on several parameters, including critical velocity (CV), a parameter regarded as a measure of aerobic capacity, on monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in muscles and hypothalamus, as well as on hematological parameters and body temperature. In each environment, mice were divided into non-trained (N) and trained (T). Forty rodents were distributed into the following experimental groups (N-NOR; T-NOR; N-HYP and T-HYP). HYP groups were in a normobaric tent where oxygen-depleted air was pumped from a hypoxia generator set an inspired oxygen fraction [FiO2] of 14.5 %. The HYP-groups were kept (18 h per day) in a normobaric tent for consecutive 8-weeks. Training sessions were conducted in normoxic conditions ([FiO2] = 19.5 %), 5 times per week (40 min per session) at intensity equivalent to 80 % of CV. In summary, eight weeks of LHTL did not promote a greater improvement in the CV, protein expression of MCTs in different tissues when compared to the application of training alone. The LHTL model increased red blood cells count, but reduced hemoglobin per erythrocyte was found in mice exposed to LHTL. Although the LHTL did not have a major effect on thermographic records, exercise-induced hyperthermia (in the head) was attenuated in HYP groups when compared to NOR groups.

Effects of Moderate-Intensity Physical Training on Skeletal Muscle Substrate Transporters and Metabolic Parameters of Ovariectomized Rats.

A deficit of estrogen is associated with energy substrate imbalance, raising the risk of metabolic diseases. Physical training (PT) is a potent metabolic regulator through oxidation and storage of substrates transported by GLUT4 and FAT CD36 in skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the effects of PT on these carriers in an estrogen-deficit scenario. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of 12 weeks of PT on metabolic variables and GLUT4 and FAT CD36 expression in the skeletal muscle of animals energetically impaired by ovariectomy (OVX). The trained animals swam 30 min/day, 5 days/week, at 80% of the critical load intensity. Spontaneous physical activity was measured biweekly. After training, FAT CD36 and GLUT4 expressions were quantified by immunofluorescence in the soleus, as well as muscular glycogen and triglyceride of the soleus, gluteus maximus and gastrocnemius. OVX significantly reduced FAT CD36, GLUT4 and spontaneous physical activity (p < 0.01), while PT significantly increased FAT CD36, GLUT4 and spontaneous physical activity (p < 0.01). PT increased soleus glycogen, and OVX decreased muscular triglyceride of gluteus maximus. Therefore, OVX can cause energy disarray through reduction in GLUT4 and FAT CD36 and their muscle substrates and PT prevented these metabolic consequences, masking ovarian estrogen's absence.

Melatonin Potentiates Exercise-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α and Optimizes Glycogen Replenishment.

Compelling evidence has demonstrated the effect of melatonin on exhaustive exercise tolerance and its modulatory role in muscle energy substrates at the end of exercise. In line with this, PGC-1α and NRF-1 also seem to act on physical exercise tolerance and metabolic recovery after exercise. However, the literature still lacks reports on these proteins after exercise until exhaustion for animals treated with melatonin. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of acute melatonin administration on muscle PGC-1α and NRF-1, and its modulatory role in glycogen and triglyceride contents in rats subjected to exhaustive swimming exercise at an intensity corresponding to the anaerobic lactacidemic threshold (iLAn). In a randomized controlled trial design, thirty-nine Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (CG = 10), rats treated with melatonin (MG = 9), rats submitted to exercise (EXG = 10), and rats treated with melatonin and submitted to exercise (MEXG = 10). Forty-eight hours after the graded exercise test, the animals received melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicles 30 min prior to time to exhaustion test in the iLAn (tlim). Three hours after tlim the animals were euthanized, followed by muscle collection for specific analyses: soleus muscles for immunofluorescence, gluteus maximus, red and white gastrocnemius for the assessment of glycogen and triglyceride contents, and liver for the measurement of glycogen content. Student t-test for independent samples, two-way ANOVA, and Newman keuls post hoc test were used. MEXG swam 120.3% more than animals treated with vehicle (EXG; p < 0.01). PGC-1α and NRF-1 were higher in MEXG with respect to the CG (p < 0.05); however, only PGC-1α was higher for MEXG when compared to EXG. Melatonin reduced the triglyceride content in gluteus maximus, red and white gastrocnemius (F = 6.66, F = 4.51, and F = 6.02, p < 0.05). The glycogen content in red gastrocnemius was higher in MEXG than in CG (p = 0.01), but not in EXG (p > 0.05). In conclusion, melatonin was found to enhance exercise tolerance, potentiate exercise-mediated increases in PGC-1α, decrease muscle triglyceride content and increase muscle glycogen 3 h after exhaustive exercise, rapidly providing a better cellular metabolic environment for future efforts.

Effect of 12-wk Training in Ovariectomised Rats on PGC-1α, NRF-1 and Energy Substrates.

Metabolic diseases are associated with hypoestrogenism owing to their lower energy expenditure and consequent imbalance. Physical training promotes energy expenditure through PGC-1α and NRF-1, which are muscle proteins of the oxidative metabolism. However, the influence of physical training on protein expression in individuals with hypoestrogenism remains uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity swimming training on the muscle expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1, glycogen and triglyceride in ovariectomised rats. OVX and OVX+TR rats were subjected to ovariectomy. The trained animals swam for 30 minutes, 5 days/week, at 80% of the critical load intensity. Soleus was collected to quantify PGC-1α and NRF-1 expressions, while gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus were collected to measure glycogen and triglyceride. Blood glucose was also evaluated. Whereas ovariectomy decreased PGC-1α expression (p<0.05) without altering NRF-1 (p=0.48), physical training increased PGC-1α (p<0.01) and NRF-1 (p<0.05). Ovariectomy reduced glycogen (p<0.05) and triglyceride (p<0.05), whereas physical training increased glycogen (p<0.05) but did not change triglyceride (p=0.06). Ovariectomy increased blood glucose (p<0.01), while physical training reduced it (p<0.01). In summary, 12 weeks of individualized and moderate-intensity training were capable of preventing muscle metabolic consequences caused by ovariectomy.

Complex networks analysis reinforces centrality hematological role on aerobic-anaerobic performances of the Brazilian Paralympic endurance team after altitude training.

This study investigated the 30-days altitude training (2500 m, LHTH-live and training high) on hematological responses and aerobic-anaerobic performances parameters of high-level Paralympic athletes. Aerobic capacity was assessed by 3000 m run, and anaerobic variables (velocity, force and mechanical power) by a maximal 30-s semi-tethered running test (AO30). These assessments were carried out at low altitude before (PRE) and after LHTH (5-6 and 15-16 days, POST1 and POST2, respectively). During LHTH, hematological analyzes were performed on days 1, 12, 20 and 30. After LHTH, aerobic performance decreased 1.7% in POST1, but showed an amazing increase in POST2 (15.4 s reduction in the 3000 m test, 2.8%). Regarding anaerobic parameters, athletes showed a reduction in velocity, force and power in POST1, but velocity and power returned to their initial conditions in POST2. In addition, all participants had higher hemoglobin (Hb) values at the end of LHTH (30 days), but at POST2 these results were close to those of PRE. The centrality metrics obtained by complex networks (pondered degree, pagerank and betweenness) in the PRE and POST2 scenarios highlighted hemoglobin, hematocrit (Hct) and minimum force, velocity and power, suggesting these variables on the way to increasing endurance performance. The Jaccard's distance metrics showed dissimilarity between the PRE and POST2 graphs, and Hb and Hct as more prominent nodes for all centrality metrics. These results indicate that adaptive process from LHTH was highlighted by the complex networks, which can help understanding the better aerobic performance at low altitude after 16 days in Paralympic athletes.

Effects of preferred music on physiological responses, perceived exertion, and anaerobic threshold determination in an incremental running test on both sexes.

This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of preferred music on anaerobic threshold determination in an incremental running test, as well the physiological responses and perceived exertion at this intensity, in physically active men and women. Additionally, by using area under the curve (AUC) analysis of the parameters of interest during the graded test, we studied the effects of music at two physiological moments-before and after anaerobic threshold intensity (iAT)-in men and women. Twenty (men = 10; women = 10) healthy and active participants completed four visits to the laboratory. The first and second sessions were used for sample characterization. In the third and fourth sessions, participants performed an incremental running test (started at 7 km.h-1 with increments of 1 km.h-1 at each 3-minute stage) under preferred music and non-music conditions. Blood lactate ([Lac]), heart rate (HR), and perceived exertion were measured by two scales (RPEBorg and the estimation of time limit ‒ ETL) during all tests, and the total time of effort (TT) was considered as performance. Individual curves of the "intensity vs blood lactate" analyzed by the bissegmentation method provide the iAT and the AUC of [Lac], HR, RPEBorg, and ETL before and after the iAT attainment were calculated. The iAT for men (non-music: 11.5±0.9km.h-1 vs music: 11.6±1.1km.h-1) and women (non-music: 9.8±0.7km.h-1 vs music: 9.7±0.7km.h-1) was not affected by music, and for both sexes, there was no difference between non-music and music conditions in all variables obtained at iAT. The AUC of all variables were not affected by music before the iAT attainment. However, [Lac], HR, and RPEBorg presented higher values of AUC after iAT for the female group with preferred music. This may be due to the fact that 70% of women have increased TT under music conditions. Overall, preferred music did not affect the iAT determination in an incremental running test. However, some physiological responses and perceived exertion after iAT of female subjects seems to be influenced by preferred music.

Housing conditions modulate spontaneous physical activity, feeding behavior, aerobic running capacity and adiposity in C57BL/6J mice.

There is evidence of reduced adiposity in rodents living in a large cages (LC) as compared to animals housed in small cages (SC). Because spontaneous physical activity (SPA) provides an important portion of the total daily energy expenditure, an increase of SPA in rodents kept in LC could explain their reduced body fat accumulation. The relationship between SPA and components of physical fitness (i.e. aerobic and anaerobic fitness and body leanness) has not been previously determined. We examined the effects of eight weeks of LC exposure on SPA, body composition, feeding behavior, as well as aerobic and anaerobic running capacity in adult C57BL/6J mice. Male mice were housed in cages of two different sizes for 8 weeks: a small (SC, n = 10) and large (LC n = 10) cages with 1320 cm2 and 4800 cm2 floor space, respectively. SPA was measured gravimetrically, and food and water intake were recorded daily. Mice had critical velocity (CV) and anaerobic running capacity (ARC) evaluated at the beginning, middle course (4th week) and at the end of study (8th week). Despite non-significant differences in each week LC-mice were more active than SC-mice by considering all SPA values obtained in the entire period of 8 weeks. The difference in SPA over the whole day was mainly due to light phase activity, but also due to activity at dark period (from 6 pm to 9 pm and from 5 am to 6 am). LC-mice also exhibited higher food and water intake over the entire 8-wk period. LC-mice had lower content of fat mass (% of the eviscerated carcass) than SC-mice (SC: 8.4 ±â€¯0.4 vs LC: 6.3 ±â€¯0.3, p < 0.05). LC-mice also exhibited reduced epididymal fat pads (% of body mass) compared to SC-mice (SC: 1.3 ±â€¯0.1 vs LC: 0.9 ±â€¯0.1, p < 0.05) and retroperitoneal fat pads (SC: 0.4 ±â€¯0.05 vs LC: 0.2 ±â€¯0.02, p < 0.05). The LC-group showed significantly higher critical velocity than SC-group at the fourth week (SC: 14.9 ±â€¯0.6 m·min-1 vs LC: 18.0 ±â€¯0.3 m·min-1, p < 0.05) and eighth week (SC: 17.1 ±â€¯0.5 m·min-1 vs LC: 18.8 ±â€¯0.6 m·min-1, p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that eight weeks of LC housing increases SPA of C57BL/6J mice, and this may lead to reduced fat accumulation as well as higher aerobic fitness. Importantly, our study implies that SC limits SPA, possibly generating experimental artifacts in long-term rodent studies.

Mountain Ultramarathon Induces Early Increases of Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Risk for Acute Renal Injury.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate changes in muscle damage during the course of a 217-km mountain ultramarathon (MUM). In an integrative perspective, inflammatory response and renal function were also studied. Methods: Six male ultra-runners were tested four times: pre-race, at 84 km, at 177 km, and immediately after the race. Blood samples were analyzed for serum muscle enzymes, acute-phase protein, cortisol, and renal function biomarkers. Results: Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased significantly throughout the race (P < 0.001, P < 0.001; P = 0.002, respectively), and effect size (ES) denoted a large magnitude of muscle damage. These enzymes increased from pre-race (132 ± 18, 371 ± 66, and 28 ± 3 U/L, respectively) to 84 km (30, 1.8, and 3.9-fold, respectively); further increased from 84 to 177 km (4.6, 2.9, and 6.1-fold, respectively), followed by a stable phase until the finish line. Regarding the inflammatory response, significant differences were found for C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001) and cortisol (P < 0.001). CRP increased from pre-race (0.9 ± 0.3 mg/L) to 177 km (243-fold), cortisol increased from pre-race (257 ± 30 mmol/L) to the 84 km (2.9-fold), and both remained augmented until the finish line. Significant changes were observed for creatinine (P = 0.03), urea (P = 0.001), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (P < 0.001), and ES confirmed a moderate magnitude of changes in renal function biomarkers. Creatinine and urea increased, and GFR decreased from pre-race (1.00 ± 0.03 mg/dL, 33 ± 6 mg/dL, and 89 ± 5 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively) to 84 km (1.3, 3.5, and 0.7-fold, respectively), followed by a plateau phase until the finish line. Conclusion: This study shows evidence that muscle damage biomarkers presented early peak levels and they were followed by a plateau phase during the last segment of a 217-km MUM. The acute-phase response had a similar change of muscle damage. In addition, our data showed that our volunteers meet the risk criteria for acute kidney injury from 84 km until they finished the race, without demonstrating any clinical symptomatology.

Two water environment adaptation models enhance motor behavior and improve the success of the lactate minimum test in swimming rats

Abstract AIMS This study was designed to investigate the effects of 14 water environment adaptation days on motor behavior and physiological condition of swimming rats. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups-baseline (Bl) and control (Co) groups-which did not perform the water environment adaptation; and sub (SubAnT) and (SupraAnT) anaerobic threshold groups, which performed 14 water environment adaptation days with sub or supra anaerobic threshold progressive loads (from the tenth day), respectively. The climbing-swimming prevalence (i.e. motor behavior) was analyzed during the water environment adaptation days. Lactate minimum test (LMT) parameters and muscular/hepatic glycogen content in addition to serum creatine kinase were also measured. RESULTS Animals from SubAnT and SupraAnT groups presented a lower climbing-swimming pattern throughout the extent of the experiment (p=0.000), especially after the 5th session. These results were achieved without an improvement in the LMT results or glycogen/creatine kinase. In addition, improvements of 26.6% and 25% for the LMT success rate (i.e. LMT reliability) were obtained only for SubAnT and SupraAnT animals. CONCLUSION Overall, we demonstrated that a water environment adaptation period is necessary for lowering the climbing-swimming pattern without physiological improvement.(AU)

Metabolic profile and spontaneous physical activity modulation under short-term food restriction in young rats

Abstract AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term food restriction (6-weeks) on metabolic profile and spontaneous physical activity (SPA) of young male Wistar rats. METHODS Thirty rats had their baseline SPA measured at 21 days-old and were separated into two groups at 28 days-old: Control (CG) and 50% of food restriction (FR). The food restriction protocol lasted six weeks, being the SPA measured weekly by a gravimetric apparatus. At the end of the experiment, biochemical analyses were performed in serum and tissue samples with statistical significance set at 5%. RESULTS FR showed less SPA than CG, as occurred for body mass, water intake, adipose tissue and liver, heart and soleus glycogen, serum glucose, total protein, triglycerides and total cholesterol (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Data set demonstrates that low substrate stores signaled to decrease spontaneous physical activity to save energy.(AU)

Wide housing space and chronic exercise enhance physical fitness and adipose tissue morphology in rats.

The current cages commonly used in animal experiments can prevent rats from engaging in most forms of natural locomotion behaviors. These animals tend to exhibit sedentary habits. Here, we show that a combination of wide housing space and training exercise helps to reduce white adipose mass and to increase brown adipose mass. Thus, this combination is a useful strategy for truly enhancing the physical fitness of captive rats commonly used in exercise-related interventional studies and to maximize their welfare.

Efeitos do exercicio agudo sobre biomarcadores sericos de ratos diabeticos / The effects of acute exercise on serum biomarkers in diabetics rats / Efectos del ejercicio agudo sobre biomarcadores de suero em ratones diabeticos

INTRODUÇÃO: As respostas ao exercício agudo dos biomarcadores, como a fosfatase alcalina (FA) e a creatina quinase (CK) séricas têm sido pouco investigadas em ratos diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: Verificar os efeitos do exercício físico aeróbio agudo sobre as concentrações de CK e FA, bem como, avaliar o estado hídrico em ratos diabéticos experimentais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, adultos jovens, distribuídos em dois grupos: diabéticos (DA) e controles (CA). O diabetes foi induzido por meio da administração de aloxana monoidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Duas semanas após confirmação do diabetes, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min, com carga aeróbia (4,5 % do peso corporal). Foram avaliados: glicose, hematócrito, CK, FA, albumina e a cinética de lactato durante o exercício por meio de coletas 25 µL de sangue da cauda dos animais, nos minutos 0, 10, 20 e 30 de exercício. RESULTADOS: ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Tukey apontaram diminuição significativa dos valores de glicemia após o exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK pós-exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematócrito para ambos os grupos após exercício e manutenção da FA após exercício para o grupo DA. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício agudo aeróbio foi eficiente no controle dos níveis glicêmicos de ratos diabéticos. Entretanto, deve ser aplicado com cautela, pois induziu altos valores de CK, sugerindo possíveis lesões teciduais. .

INTRODUCTION: The responses to acute exercise on biomarkers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) serum levels have been little investigated in diabetic rats. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on the concentrations of CK and ALP as well as evaluating the hydration status in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were used male Wistar rats, young adults, divided into two groups: diabetic (DA) and controls (CA). The diabetes was induced in the rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg body weight). Two weeks after confirmation of diabetes, both groups were subjected to an acute swim session for 30 min, with aerobic load (4.5% body weight). Glucose, hematocrit, CK, ALP, albumin and lactate kinetics during exercise were evaluated by collecting 25µL of blood from the tail of the animals in minutes 0, 10, 20 and 30 of exercise. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and post hoc Tukey test showed significant decrease of glycemia after exercise for the DA group, significant increase in CK after exercise for the DA group, significant increase in hematocrit for both groups after exercise and maintenance of ALP after exercise for the DA group. CONCLUSION: The acute aerobic exercise was effective in controlling glucose levels in diabetic rats. However, it should be applied with caution, because it induced high CK values, suggesting possible tissue damage. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las respuestas al ejercicio agudo de los biomarcadores, como la fosfatasa alcalina (FA) y la creatina quinasa (CK) séricas han sido poco investigadas en ratones diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: Verificar los efectos del ejercicio físico aeróbico agudo sobre las concentraciones de CK y FA, bien como evaluar el estado hídrico en ratones diabéticos experimentales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Fueron utilizados ratones Wistar machos, adultos jóvenes, distribuidos en dos grupos: diabéticos (DA) y controles (CA). La diabetes fue inducida por medio de la administración de aloxana monohidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Dos semanas después de la confirmación de la diabetes, ambos grupos fueron sometidos a una sesión aguda de natación por 30 minutos, con carga aeróbica (4,5% del peso corporal). Fueron evaluados: Glucosa, hematocrito, CK, FA, albumina y La cinética de lactato durante el ejercicio por medio de colectas de 25 µL de sangre de la cola de los animales, en los minutos 0, 10, 20 y 30 de ejercicio. RESULTADOS: ANOVA de dos factores para medidas repetidas y el test post hoc de Tukey apuntaron disminución significativa de los valores de glicemia después del ejercicio para el grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK después del ejercicio para el grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematocrito para ambos grupos después del ejercicio y mantenimiento de la FA después del ejercicio para el grupo DA. CONCLUSIÓN: El ejercicio agudo aeróbico fue eficiente en el control de los niveles glicémicos de ratones diabéticos. Entretanto, debe ser aplicado con cautela, pues indujo altos valores de CK, sugiriendo posibles lesiones tisulares. .