RESUMO
Leukocytes migrate through the blood and extravasate into organs to surveil the host for infection or cancer. Recently, we demonstrated that intravenous (IV) anti-CD45.2 antibody labeling allowed for precise tracking of leukocyte migration. However, the narrow labeling window can make this approach challenging for tracking rare migration events. Here, we show that altering antibody administration route and fluorophore can significantly extend the antibody active labeling time. We found that while both IV and intraperitoneal (IP) anti-CD45.2 antibody labeled circulating leukocytes after injection, they had different kinetic properties that impacted labeling time and intensity. Quantification of circulating antibody revealed that while unbound IV anti-CD45.2 antibody rapidly decreased, unbound IP anti-CD45.2 antibody increased over one hour. Using in vitro and in vivo serial dilution assays, we found that Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647) and Brilliant Blue 700 (BB700) dyes had the greatest labeling sensitivity compared to other fluorophores. However, IP antibody injection with anti-CD45.2 BB700, but not AF647, resulted in continuous blood leukocyte labeling for over 6 hours. Finally, we leveraged IP anti-CD45.2 BB700 antibody to track slower migrating leukocytes into tumors. We found that IP anti-CD45.2 antibody injection allowed for the identification of â¼seven times as many tumor-specific CD8 + T cells that had recently migrated from blood into tumors. Our results demonstrate how different injection routes and fluorophores affect anti-CD45.2 antibody leukocyte labeling and highlight the utility of this approach for defining leukocyte migration in the context of homeostasis and cancer.
RESUMO
Anticancer immunity is predicated on leukocyte migration into tumors. Once recruited, leukocytes undergo substantial reprogramming to adapt to the tumor microenvironment. A major challenge in the field is distinguishing recently recruited from resident leukocytes in tumors. In this study, we developed an intravascular Ab technique to label circulating mouse leukocytes before they migrate to tissues, providing unprecedented insight into the kinetics of recruitment. This approach unveiled the substantial role of leukocyte migration in tumor progression using a preclinical mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), critical mediators of immunosuppression, were continuously and rapidly recruited into tumors throughout cancer progression. Moreover, leukocyte trafficking depended on the integrins CD11a/CD49d, and CD11a/CD49d blockade led to significant tumor burden reduction in mice. Importantly, preventing circulating Treg recruitment through depletion or sequestration in lymph nodes was sufficient to decrease tumor burden, indicating that Treg migration was crucial for suppressing antitumor immunity. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of the immune compartment within mouse lung tumors and demonstrate the relevance of a temporal map of leukocyte recruitment into tumors, thereby advancing our understanding of leukocyte migration in the context of tumor development.
RESUMO
Tissue localization is a critical determinant of T cell immunity. CD8+ T cells are contact-dependent killers, which requires them to physically be within the tissue of interest to kill peptide-MHC class I-bearing target cells. Following their migration and extravasation into tissues, T cells receive many extrinsic cues from the local microenvironment, and these signals shape T cell differentiation, fate and function. Because major organ systems are variable in their functions and compositions, they apply disparate pressures on T cells to adapt to the local microenvironment. Additional complexity arises in the context of malignant lesions (either primary or metastatic), and this has made understanding the factors that dictate T cell function and longevity in tumours challenging. Moreover, T cell differentiation state influences how cues from the microenvironment are interpreted by tissue-infiltrating T cells, highlighting the importance of T cell state in the context of tissue biology. Here, we review the intertwined nature of T cell differentiation state, location, survival and function, and explain how dysfunctional T cell populations can adopt features of tissue-resident memory T cells to persist in tumours. Finally, we discuss how these factors have shaped responses to cancer immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Memória Imunológica , Imunoterapia , Biologia , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Adaptive immunity is didactically partitioned into humoral and cell-mediated effector mechanisms, which may imply that each arm is separate and does not function together. Here, we report that the activation of CD8+ resident memory T cells (TRM) in nonlymphoid tissues triggers vascular permeability, which facilitates rapid distribution of serum antibodies into local tissues. TRM reactivation was associated with transcriptional upregulation of antiviral signaling pathways as well as Fc receptors and components of the complement cascade. Effects were local, but evidence is presented that TRM in brain and reproductive mucosa are both competent to induce rapid antibody exudation. TRM reactivation in the mouse female genital tract increased local concentrations of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies, including anti-vesicular stomatitis virus, and passively transferred anti-HIV antibodies. We showed that this response was sufficient to increase the efficacy of ex vivo vesicular stomatitis virus neutralization. These results indicate that CD8+ TRM antigen recognition can enhance local humoral immunity.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Estomatite , Camundongos , Animais , Feminino , Células T de Memória , Imunoglobulinas , Memória ImunológicaRESUMO
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common histological subtype, accounts for 40% of all cases. While existing genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) recapitulate the histological progression and transcriptional evolution of human LUAD, they are time-consuming and technically demanding. In contrast, cell line transplant models are fast and flexible, but these models fail to capture the full spectrum of disease progression. Organoid technologies provide a means to create next-generation cancer models that integrate the most advantageous features of autochthonous and transplant-based systems. However, robust and faithful LUAD organoid platforms are currently lacking. Here, we describe optimized conditions to continuously expand murine alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, a prominent cell of origin for LUAD, in organoid culture. These organoids display canonical features of AT2 cells, including marker gene expression, the presence of lamellar bodies, and an ability to differentiate into the AT1 lineage. We used this system to develop flexible and versatile immunocompetent organoid-based models of KRAS, BRAF, and ALK mutant LUAD. Notably, organoid-based tumors display extensive burden and complete penetrance and are histopathologically indistinguishable from their autochthonous counterparts. Altogether, this organoid platform is a powerful, versatile new model system to study LUAD.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Animais , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Camundongos , Organoides , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismoRESUMO
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal and treatment-refractory cancer. Molecular stratification in pancreatic cancer remains rudimentary and does not yet inform clinical management or therapeutic development. Here, we construct a high-resolution molecular landscape of the cellular subtypes and spatial communities that compose PDAC using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and whole-transcriptome digital spatial profiling (DSP) of 43 primary PDAC tumor specimens that either received neoadjuvant therapy or were treatment naive. We uncovered recurrent expression programs across malignant cells and fibroblasts, including a newly identified neural-like progenitor malignant cell program that was enriched after chemotherapy and radiotherapy and associated with poor prognosis in independent cohorts. Integrating spatial and cellular profiles revealed three multicellular communities with distinct contributions from malignant, fibroblast and immune subtypes: classical, squamoid-basaloid and treatment enriched. Our refined molecular and cellular taxonomy can provide a framework for stratification in clinical trials and serve as a roadmap for therapeutic targeting of specific cellular phenotypes and multicellular interactions.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/terapia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Prognóstico , Transcriptoma/genética , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMO
Immunosurveillance of cancer requires the presentation of peptide antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules1-5. Current approaches to profiling of MHC-I-associated peptides, collectively known as the immunopeptidome, are limited to in vitro investigation or bulk tumour lysates, which limits our understanding of cancer-specific patterns of antigen presentation in vivo6. To overcome these limitations, we engineered an inducible affinity tag into the mouse MHC-I gene (H2-K1) and targeted this allele to the KrasLSL-G12D/+Trp53fl/fl mouse model (KP/KbStrep)7. This approach enabled us to precisely isolate MHC-I peptides from autochthonous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in vivo. In addition, we profiled the LUAD immunopeptidome from the alveolar type 2 cell of origin up to late-stage disease. Differential peptide presentation in LUAD was not predictable by mRNA expression or translation efficiency and is probably driven by post-translational mechanisms. Vaccination with peptides presented by LUAD in vivo induced CD8+ T cell responses in naive mice and tumour-bearing mice. Many peptides specific to LUAD, including immunogenic peptides, exhibited minimal expression of the cognate mRNA, which prompts the reconsideration of antigen prediction pipelines that triage peptides according to transcript abundance8. Beyond cancer, the KbStrep allele is compatible with other Cre-driver lines to explore antigen presentation in vivo in the pursuit of understanding basic immunology, infectious disease and autoimmunity.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias , Peptídeos , Proteômica , Células Epiteliais Alveolares/imunologia , Animais , Apresentação de Antígeno , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Antígenos de Neoplasias/química , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/química , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Camundongos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/química , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia , Peptídeos/análise , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/imunologia , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
With increasing attention on the essential roles of the tumour microenvironment in recent years, the nervous system has emerged as a novel and crucial facilitator of cancer growth. In this Review, we describe the foundational, translational, and clinical advances illustrating how nerves contribute to tumour proliferation, stress adaptation, immunomodulation, metastasis, electrical hyperactivity and seizures, and neuropathic pain. Collectively, this expanding knowledge base reveals multiple therapeutic avenues for cancer neuroscience that warrant further exploration in clinical studies. We discuss the available clinical data, including ongoing trials investigating novel agents targeting the tumour-nerve axis, and the therapeutic potential for repurposing existing neuroactive drugs as an anti-cancer approach, particularly in combination with established treatment regimens. Lastly, we discuss the clinical challenges of these treatment strategies and highlight unanswered questions and future directions in the burgeoning field of cancer neuroscience.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neurociências , Dor do Câncer/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/etiologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos do Sistema Nervoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer, and therapies that restore immune surveillance have proven highly effective in cancers with high tumor mutation burden (TMB) (e.g., those with microsatellite instability (MSI)). Whether low TMB cancers, which are largely refractory to immunotherapy, harbor potentially immunogenic neoantigens remains unclear. Here, we show that tumors from all patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) express clonal predicted neoantigens despite low TMB. Unexpectedly, these neoantigens are broadly expressed at lower levels compared to those in MSI CRC. Using a versatile platform for modulating neoantigen expression in CRC organoids and transplantation into the distal colon of mice, we show that low expression precludes productive cross priming and drives immediate T cell dysfunction. Strikingly, experimental or therapeutic rescue of priming rendered T cells capable of controlling tumors with low neoantigen expression. These findings underscore a critical role of neoantigen expression level in immune evasion and therapy response.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Linfócitos T , Animais , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Camundongos , Instabilidade de MicrossatélitesRESUMO
In tumors, a subset of CD8+ T cells expressing the transcription factor TCF-1 drives the response to immune checkpoint blockade. We examined the mechanisms that maintain these cells in an autochthonous model of lung adenocarcinoma. Longitudinal sampling and single-cell sequencing of tumor-antigen specific TCF-1+ CD8+ T cells revealed that while intratumoral TCF-1+ CD8+ T cells acquired dysfunctional features and decreased in number as tumors progressed, TCF-1+ CD8+ T cell frequency in the tumor draining LN (dLN) remained stable. Two discrete intratumoral TCF-1+ CD8+ T cell subsets developed over time-a proliferative SlamF6+ subset and a non-cycling SlamF6- subset. Blocking dLN egress decreased the frequency of intratumoral SlamF6+ TCF-1+ CD8+ T cells. Conventional type I dendritic cell (cDC1) in dLN decreased in number with tumor progression, and Flt3L+anti-CD40 treatment recovered SlamF6+ T cell frequencies and decreased tumor burden. Thus, cDC1s in tumor dLN maintain a reservoir of TCF-1+ CD8+ T cells and their decrease contributes to failed anti-tumor immunity.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Linfonodos/imunologia , Fator 1 de Transcrição de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Camundongos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
CD8 T cell responses against different tumor neoantigens occur simultaneously, yet little is known about the interplay between responses and its impact on T cell function and tumor control. In mouse lung adenocarcinoma, we found that immunodominance is established in tumors, wherein CD8 T cell expansion is predominantly driven by the antigen that most stably binds MHC. T cells responding to subdominant antigens were enriched for a TCF1+ progenitor phenotype correlated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, the subdominant T cell response did not preferentially benefit from ICB due to a dysfunctional subset of TCF1+ cells marked by CCR6 and Tc17 differentiation. Analysis of human samples and sequencing datasets revealed that CCR6+ TCF1+ cells exist across human cancers and are not correlated with ICB response. Vaccination eliminated CCR6+ TCF1+ cells and dramatically improved the subdominant response, highlighting a strategy to optimally engage concurrent neoantigen responses against tumors.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Fator 1-alfa Nuclear de Hepatócito/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Células-Tronco/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antígeno CTLA-4/metabolismo , Epitopos , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Peptídeos/química , Fenótipo , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , RNA-Seq , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Receptores CCR6/metabolismo , Análise de Célula Única , VacinaçãoRESUMO
The CD155/TIGIT axis can be co-opted during immune evasion in chronic viral infections and cancer. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy, and immune-based strategies to combat this disease have been largely unsuccessful to date. We corroborate prior reports that a substantial portion of PDAC harbors predicted high-affinity MHC class I-restricted neoepitopes and extend these findings to advanced/metastatic disease. Using multiple preclinical models of neoantigen-expressing PDAC, we demonstrate that intratumoral neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells adopt multiple states of dysfunction, resembling those in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of PDAC patients. Mechanistically, genetic and/or pharmacologic modulation of the CD155/TIGIT axis was sufficient to promote immune evasion in autochthonous neoantigen-expressing PDAC. Finally, we demonstrate that the CD155/TIGIT axis is critical in maintaining immune evasion in PDAC and uncover a combination immunotherapy (TIGIT/PD-1 co-blockade plus CD40 agonism) that elicits profound anti-tumor responses in preclinical models, now poised for clinical evaluation.
Assuntos
Evasão da Resposta Imune/imunologia , Imunoterapia/métodos , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia , Receptores Virais/imunologia , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMO
The ability to monitor anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses in the blood has tremendous therapeutic potential. Here, we used paired single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing to detect and characterize "tumor-matching" (TM) CD8+ T cells in the blood of mice with MC38 tumors or melanoma patients using the TCR as a molecular barcode. TM cells showed increased activation compared with nonmatching T cells in blood and were less exhausted than matching cells in tumors. Importantly, PD-1, which has been used to identify putative circulating anti-tumor CD8+ T cells, showed poor sensitivity for identifying TM cells. By leveraging the transcriptome, we identified candidate cell surface markers for TM cells in mice and patients and validated NKG2D, CD39, and CX3CR1 in mice. These data show that the TCR can be used to identify tumor-relevant cells for characterization, reveal unique transcriptional properties of TM cells, and develop marker panels for tracking and analysis of these cells.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo/imunologia , Melanoma/sangue , Melanoma/imunologia , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/sangue , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/genética , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , TranscriptomaRESUMO
The developmental origins of memory T cells remain incompletely understood. During the expansion phase of acute viral infection, we identified a distinct subset of virus-specific CD8+ T cells that possessed distinct characteristics including expression of CD62L, T cell factor 1 (TCF-1), and Eomesodermin; relative quiescence; expression of activation markers; and features of limited effector differentiation. These cells were a quantitatively minor subpopulation of the TCF-1+ pool and exhibited self-renewal, heightened DNA damage surveillance activity, and preferential long-term recall capacity. Despite features of memory and somewhat restrained proliferation during the expansion phase, this subset displayed evidence of stronger TCR signaling than other responding CD8+ T cells, coupled with elevated expression of multiple inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), CD5, and CD160. Genetic ablation of PD-1 and LAG-3 compromised the formation of this CD62Lhi TCF-1+ subset and subsequent CD8+ T cell memory. Although central memory phenotype CD8+ T cells were formed in the absence of these cells, subsequent memory CD8+ T cell recall responses were compromised. Together, these results identify an important link between genome integrity maintenance and CD8+ T cell memory. Moreover, the data indicate a role for inhibitory receptors in preserving key memory CD8+ T cell precursors during initial activation and differentiation. Identification of this rare subpopulation within the memory CD8+ T cell precursor pool may help reconcile models of the developmental origin of long-term CD8+ T cell memory.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Listeriose/imunologia , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/imunologia , Células T de Memória/imunologia , Células Precursoras de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos CD/genética , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Dano ao DNA/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Fator 1-alfa Nuclear de Hepatócito/metabolismo , Humanos , Memória Imunológica/genética , Listeria monocytogenes/imunologia , Listeriose/microbiologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/virologia , Vírus da Coriomeningite Linfocítica/imunologia , Masculino , Células T de Memória/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Células Precursoras de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Proteína do Gene 3 de Ativação de LinfócitosRESUMO
Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to increase immune-mediated responses is currently of intense interest. Patients with immune-infiltrated "hot" tumors demonstrate higher treatment response rates and improved survival. However, only the minority of tumors are hot, and a limited proportion of patients benefit from immunotherapies. Innovative approaches that make tumors hot can have immediate impact particularly if they repurpose drugs with additional cancer-unrelated benefits. The seasonal influenza vaccine is recommended for all persons over 6 mo without prohibitive contraindications, including most cancer patients. Here, we report that unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccination via intratumoral, but not intramuscular, injection converts "cold" tumors to hot, generates systemic CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity, and sensitizes resistant tumors to checkpoint blockade. Importantly, intratumoral vaccination also provides protection against subsequent active influenza virus lung infection. Surprisingly, a squalene-based adjuvanted vaccine maintains intratumoral regulatory B cells and fails to improve antitumor responses, even while protecting against active influenza virus lung infection. Adjuvant removal, B cell depletion, or IL-10 blockade recovers its antitumor effectiveness. Our findings propose that antipathogen vaccines may be utilized for both infection prevention and repurposing as a cancer immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Imunoterapia/métodos , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/uso terapêutico , Injeções Intralesionais , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Linfócitos B , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/genética , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Influenza Humana , Interleucina-10 , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Estações do Ano , Pele , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Esqualeno/administração & dosagem , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive subtype of lung cancer that remains among the most lethal of solid tumor malignancies. Recent genomic sequencing studies have identified many recurrently mutated genes in human SCLC tumors. However, the functional roles of most of these genes remain to be validated. Here, we have adapted the CRISPR-Cas9 system to a well-established murine model of SCLC to rapidly model loss-of-function mutations in candidate genes identified from SCLC sequencing studies. We show that loss of the gene p107 significantly accelerates tumor progression. Notably, compared with loss of the closely related gene p130, loss of p107 results in fewer but larger tumors as well as earlier metastatic spread. In addition, we observe differences in proliferation and apoptosis as well as altered distribution of initiated tumors in the lung, resulting from loss of p107 or p130 Collectively, these data demonstrate the feasibility of using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to model loss of candidate tumor suppressor genes in SCLC, and we anticipate that this approach will facilitate efforts to investigate mechanisms driving tumor progression in this deadly disease.
Assuntos
Edição de Genes/métodos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/genética , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Mutação com Perda de Função , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Proteína p107 Retinoblastoma-Like/genética , Proteína p130 Retinoblastoma-Like/genética , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/patologia , Carga Tumoral/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genéticaRESUMO
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can impair anti-tumor immune responses and are associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types. Tregs in human tumors span diverse transcriptional states distinct from those of peripheral Tregs, but their contribution to tumor development remains unknown. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to longitudinally profile dynamic shifts in the distribution of Tregs in a genetically engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. In this model, interferon-responsive Tregs are more prevalent early in tumor development, whereas a specialized effector phenotype characterized by enhanced expression of the interleukin-33 receptor ST2 is predominant in advanced disease. Treg-specific deletion of ST2 alters the evolution of effector Treg diversity, increases infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors, and decreases tumor burden. Our study shows that ST2 plays a critical role in Treg-mediated immunosuppression in cancer, highlighting potential paths for therapeutic intervention.
Assuntos
Interleucina-33/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Feminino , Tolerância Imunológica/imunologia , Terapia de Imunossupressão/métodos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neoplasias/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologiaRESUMO
This study examines the extent to which memory CD4+ T cells share immunosurveillance strategies with CD8+ resident memory T cells (TRM). After acute viral infection, memory CD4+ T cells predominantly used residence to survey nonlymphoid tissues, albeit not as stringently as observed for CD8+ T cells. In contrast, memory CD4+ T cells were more likely to be resident within lymphoid organs than CD8+ T cells. Migration properties of memory-phenotype CD4+ T cells in non-SPF parabionts were similar, generalizing these results to diverse infections and conditions. CD4+ and CD8+ TRM shared overlapping transcriptional signatures and location-specific features, such as granzyme B expression in the small intestine, revealing tissue-specific and migration property-specific, in addition to lineage-specific, differentiation programs. Functionally, mucosal CD4+ TRM reactivation locally triggered both chemokine expression and broad immune cell activation. Thus, residence provides a dominant mechanism for regionalizing CD4+ T cell immunity, and location enforces shared transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional properties with CD8+ T cells.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arenaviridae/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Memória Imunológica/imunologia , Vigilância Imunológica/imunologia , Vírus da Coriomeningite Linfocítica/imunologia , Animais , Infecções por Arenaviridae/virologia , Movimento Celular/imunologia , Quimera/imunologia , Feminino , Granzimas/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fenótipo , RNA-Seq , TranscriptomaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We tested whether combined flow cytometric assessment of loss of blast heterogeneity and decreased hematogones is a diagnostically useful approach for evaluation of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS: Bone marrow samples from patients with known MDS were analyzed by 10-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping and compared with normal bone marrow samples. RESULTS: There was loss of blast heterogeneity in patients with MDS compared with normal bone marrow samples, based on the relative size of the dominant blast population (83.0% vs 64.8%) and fewer hematogones (0.08% vs 1.39%). The size of the largest blast population divided by the fraction of hematogones (blast dominance-hematogone [BDH] index) was significantly larger in MDS compared with normal cases (27,084 vs 190, P < .0001; receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: The BDH index is more sensitive and specific than loss of blast heterogeneity or decrease in hematogones for detecting MDS in bone marrow samples and may be useful in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos CD13/análise , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/patologiaRESUMO
More than 1 million apheresis platelet collections are performed annually in the United States. After 2 healthy plateletpheresis donors were incidentally found to have low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, we investigated whether plateletpheresis causes lymphopenia. We conducted a cross-sectional single-center study of platelet donors undergoing plateletpheresis with the Trima Accel, which removes leukocytes continuously with its leukoreduction system chamber. We recruited 3 groups of platelet donors based on the total number of plateletpheresis sessions in the prior 365 days: 1 or 2, 3 to 19, or 20 to 24. CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were <200 cells per microliter in 0/20, 2/20, and 6/20 donors, respectively (P = .019), and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts were low in 0/20, 4/20, and 11/20 donors, respectively (P < .001). The leukoreduction system chamber's lymphocyte-extraction efficiency was â¼15% to 20% for all groups. Immunophenotyping showed decreases in naive CD4+ T-lymphocyte and T helper 17 (Th17) cell percentages, increases in CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory, Th1, and regulatory T cell percentages, and stable naive CD8+ and Th2 percentages across groups. T-cell receptor repertoire analyses showed similar clonal diversity in all groups. Donor screening questionnaires supported the good health of the donors, who tested negative at each donation for multiple pathogens, including HIV. Frequent plateletpheresis utilizing a leukoreduction system chamber is associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell lymphopenia in healthy platelet donors. The mechanism may be repeated extraction of these cells during plateletpheresis. The cytopenias do not appear to be harmful.