[Success factors and obstacles in the implementation of competence-oriented teaching in surgery]. / Erfolgsfaktoren und Hindernisse bei der Implementierung kompetenzorientierter Lehre in der Chirurgie.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: For successful competence-oriented teaching at the medical faculties it is important to identify the factors that influence its implementation in order to benefit from the strengths and balance out weaknesses. The present study examined the success factors and obstacles of the implementation of competence-oriented teaching in the surgical discipline from the point of view of students and lecturers. METHODS: After implementation of competence-oriented teaching based on the teaching goals of the NKLM, in clinical examination courses (bedside teaching and block internship, BP) at two hospitals, a qualitative content analysis and quantification of the answers were performed using focus group interviews and questionnaires with students (S) and lecturers (D). RESULTS: During the summer semester 2022 a total of 31 students and 14 lecturers were interviewed in focus groups and 143 questionnaires (123 S, 20 D) were analyzed. For the students the presence of concrete competences/teaching goals, guidelines for the lesson, transparent goals and ability to demand teaching goals as well as structured lessons and mentoring were the main success factors. Lecturers on the other hand reported the presence of concrete goals, assistance for the lesson preparation and the activity of the students as success factors. The results of the questionnaires showed that the majority (88% S, 75% D) were informed about the teaching goals and considered them to be followed (84%S, 95% D). Obstacles were the factors "time", "mentoring" and "information". Factors that were between negative and positive (indifferent factors) were "uncertainty about competence-orientation" and "uncertainty how to examine the teaching success". DISCUSSION: Transparent structure and teaching goals as well as a mentoring system are the success factors for the implementation of competence-oriented lessons and should be used as strengths. Indifferent factors represent weaknesses and need to be addressed by training and instruction. Restricted time and personnel resources are the immanent problems that hamper the implementation and require fulminant structural changes.

Horse-related injury patterns: a single center report.

BACKGROUND: For ages, humankind and horses have been closely related to occupational and recreational activities. The dangers of engaging with horses have been previously reported. Among sporting activities, horse riding is well-known for its risks. Despite multiple recommendations to wear protective gear, horse-related activities still comprise the risk of severe injuries. This study aimed to examine: (1) if specific mechanisms are correlated to particular injury patterns and (2) if injury types are related to patient demographics. METHODS: From one level I trauma center, between July 2019 and July 2022 (3 years) all emergency reports and discharge letters were retrospectively reviewed by full-text search regarding horse-related injuries. Patient demographics, body mass index, trauma mechanism, injury types, and initiated treatment were extracted from medical records and analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 95 patients with 99 horse-related injuries were included. The overwhelming majority of the patients was female (93.7%). Age averaged 35.3 years (range 6 to 71). BMI was 23.6 kg/m2. Inpatient treatment was required in 60.6%. Length of hospital stay averaged 10 days. Surgical treatment was performed in 55 patients (55.6%). Open reduction and internal fixation was the most common procedure (74.5%). Trauma mechanism was fall from a horse followed by being hit by a horse (60.6% and 23.2%, respectively). Injured upper extremities counted up for 52.5% followed by spinal and pelvic injuries (23.2%). Spinal and pelvic injuries were related to fall from a horse (p < 0.001). Injuries to the lower extremities were predominantly caused by a kick of the horse when the rider was unmounted (p = 0.001) and negatively related to a fall from a horse (p = 0.002). Ten patients got their fingers tangled while holding the reins and suffered from injuries to the upper extremity (p < 0.001). Three of them required an amputation (30%). CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that patients are young and healthy, horse related injuries must not be underestimated. In our study, almost two-thirds of the patients required inpatient treatment and 50% underwent surgery. We could show that patient age was related to injury severity according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Spinal and pelvic injuries were significantly related to a fall from a horse with a significantly greater trauma impact according to the AIS. Therefore, these severe entities need to be ruled out in such events. Accidents caused by holding the reins, may result in serious injuries to the hand with 30% requiring an amputation. Doctors need to be aware of possible horse-related injury patterns to reduce morbidity.

Navigated iliac screw placement may reduce radiation and OR time in lumbopelvic fixation of unstable complex sacral fractures.

PURPOSE: Instability of the posterior pelvic ring may be stabilized by lumbopelvic fixation. The optimal osseous corridor for iliac screw placement from the posterior superior iliac spine to the anterior inferior iliac spine requires multiple ap- and lateral-views with additional obturator-outlet and -inlet views. The purpose of this study was to determine if navigated iliac screw placement for lumbopelvic fixation influences surgical time, fluoroscopy time, radiation exposure, and complication rates. METHODS: Bilateral lumbopelvic fixation was performed in 63 patients. Implants were inserted as previously described by Schildhauer. A passive optoelectronic navigation system with surface matching on L4 was utilized for navigated iliac screw placement. To compare groups, demographics were assessed. Operative time, fluoroscopic time, and radiation were delineated. RESULTS: Conventional fluoroscopic imaging for lumbopelvic fixation was performed in 32 patients and 31 patients underwent the procedure with navigated iliac screw placement. No differences were found between the groups regarding demographics, comorbidities, or additional surgical procedures. Utilization of navigation led to fluoroscopy time reduction of more than 50% (3.2 vs. 8.6 min.; p < 0.001) resulting in reduced radiation (2004.5 vs. 5130.8 Gy*cm2; p < 0.001). Operative time was reduced in the navigation group (176.7 vs. 227.4 min; p = 0.002) despite the necessity of additional surface referencing. CONCLUSION: For iliac screws, identifying the correct entry point and angle of implantation requires detailed anatomic knowledge and multiple radiographic views. In our study, additional navigation reduced operative time and fluoroscopy time resulting in a significant reduction of radiation exposure for patients and OR personnel.

Survival among patients with severe high cervical spine injuries - a TraumaRegister DGU® database study.

BACKGROUND: Trauma is a significant cause of death and impairment. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) differentiates the severity of trauma and is the basis for different trauma scores and prediction models. While the majority of patients do not survive injuries which are coded with an AIS 6, there are several patients with a severe high cervical spinal cord injury that could be discharged from hospital despite the prognosis of trauma scores. We estimate that the trauma scores and prediction models miscalculate these injuries. For this reason, we evaluated these findings in a larger control group. METHODS: In a retrospective, multi-centre study, we used the data recorded in the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) to select patients with a severe cervical spinal cord injury and an AIS of 3 to 6 between 2002 to 2015. We compared the estimated mortality rate according to the Revised Injury Severity Classification II (RISC II) score against the actual mortality rate for this group. RESULTS: Six hundred and twelve patients (0.6%) sustained a severe cervical spinal cord injury with an AIS of 6. The mean age was 57.8 ± 21.8 years and 441 (72.3%) were male. 580 (98.6%) suffered a blunt trauma, 301 patients were injured in a car accident and 29 through attempted suicide. Out of the 612 patients, 391 (63.9%) died from their injury and 170 during the first 24 h. The group had a predicted mortality rate of 81.4%, but we observed an actual mortality rate of 63.9%. CONCLUSIONS: An AIS of 6 with a complete cord syndrome above C3 as documented in the TR-DGU is survivable if patients get to the hospital alive, at which point they show a survival rate of more than 35%. Compared to the mortality prognosis based on the RISC II score, they survived much more often than expected.

[Fracture-related infections in traumatology : Current standards and new developments in diagnostics and treatment]. / Implantatassoziierte Infektionen in der Traumatologie : Aktuelle Standards und neue Entwicklungen in der Diagnostik und Behandlung.

BACKGROUND: The high demands that fracture-related infections put on patients, physicians and the healthcare system have led to the establishment of a international group of experts called the Fracture-Related Infection (FRI) Consensus Group, whose aim is to develop evidence-based treatment recommendations. DIAGNOSIS: Fracture-related infections are classified according to the time of occurrence, extent and treatment options. The diagnostic algorithm distinguishes between confirmatory and suggestive diagnostic criteria. If there are indications of an infection, tissue biopsy with microbiological and histological workup is recommended to confirm the diagnosis. THERAPY: The primary objective of FRI treatment is to achieve fracture consolidation, while avoiding osteomyelitis. Therapeutic options are removal of the implant, eradication of the infection with implant retention or suppression of FRI. A multidisciplinary team is recommended to develop a patient-specific, optimized surgical and antimicrobial therapy.

[Periprosthetic humeral fractures: from osteosynthesis to prosthetic replacement]. / Periprothetische Humerusfraktur ­ von der Plattenosteosynthese bis zum Prothesenwechsel.

OBJECTIVE: Stabilization of the humeral shaft and the restoration of shoulder function dependent on the osseous integrity of the prosthetic stem component. INDICATIONS: In cases of a stable prosthesis stem, an isolated plate osteosynthesis is possible. Prosthesis stem replacement is indicated in cases of a loose stem. With sufficient bone stock of the proximal humeral segment, a change to a shorter humeral shaft component with subsequent plate fixation of the fracture is possible. If the bone stock is poor, conversion to a long revision stem is necessary. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Inoperability of the patient due to serious comorbidities. Advanced age and low demands on shoulder function are relative contraindications for complex prosthesis replacements. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Plate osteosynthesis can be done through an anterior or posterior approach, stem replacement only from anterior deltopectoral approach. When changing humeral shaft components, the loose shaft and all cement residues are removed, the fracture is reduced and, if possible, a shorter shaft is implanted with subsequent plate osteosynthesis of the fracture. When changing to a long revision stem, additional osteosynthesis with cerclages wires is usually sufficient. In case of poor bone stock, an additive autologous or allogenic bone grafting can be performed. An instable anatomical prosthesis with poor shoulder function may require conversion to an inverse prosthesis. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: In cases of an isolated plate osteosynthesis with an otherwise stable prosthesis, immediate active rehabilitation of the upper limb is advocated. When a prosthesis replacement and conversion to an inverse prosthesis is performed the shoulder is immobilized in 30° abduction for 6 weeks. Passive and after 3 weeks active-assistive shoulder movement up to 90° abduction and flexion is allowed. RESULTS: In 40 patients with a periprosthetic humeral fracture, an isolated plate osteosynthesis was performed in 30 cases and a prosthesis replacement in 10 cases. Complications included 3 infections and 3 temporary radial nerve palsies. Revisions due to pseudarthrosis were necessary in 2 cases.

[Instability after operative and conservative treatment of isolated Mason type II fractures]. / Instabilität nach operativer und konservativer Versorgung von isolierten Mason-II-Frakturen.

BACKGROUND: Radial head fractures are the most frequent fractures of the elbow joint in adults. For Mason type II fractures without concomitant injuries favorable results have been shown with operative and conservative management. There is insufficient evidence concerning elbow joint stability after conservative treatment compared to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with isolated Mason type II (two part fracture displaced >2 mm and <5 mm) radial head fractures between 1 January 2003 and 1 April 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria were age <18 years, associated fractures of the ipsilateral extremity or elbow luxation. A total of 50 patients (mean age 44.2 years, range 19-71 years) who received either ORIF (n = 31) or conservative treatment (n = 19) were included. The mean follow-up was 43.2 months (range 9-61 months). Patients were evaluated using the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Mayo Elbow Performance score (MEPS), and Oxford Elbow score (OES). Joint stability (varus and valgus stress) was assessed under fluoroscopy and a distinction was made between slight instability (angulation <10°), moderate instability (angulation ≥10°) and gross instability (elbow dislocation). RESULTS: Residual fracture displacement (conservative: 2.7 mm, ORIF: 1.4 mm, p < 0.042) and varus/valgus joint stability (3% ORIF vs. 26% conservative, p = 0.031) showed significant differences. The stability as tested by a radiological dynamic procedure showed an instability after ORIF in 3% of the joints compared to 26% after conservative treatment; however, this did not influence the short to mid-term clinical outcome: No significant differences were found in the DASH score (conservative 33 points, ORIF 36 points), MEPS (conservative 76 points, ORIF 78 points) and OES (conservative 41 points, ORIF 43 points). DISCUSSION: Both conservative management and operative treatment had a good functional outcome. Operative treatment showed a positive tendency concerning radiological and functional outcome without statistical significance.

[Temporary arthrodesis of the knee in two-stage septic prosthesis exchange : In vitro analysis of adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus on steel and carbon fiber rods]. / Temporäre Arthrodese des Kniegelenks bei zweizeitigem septischen Prothesenwechsel : In-vitro-Analyse der Adhäsion von Staphylococcus aureus auf Stahl- und Kohlefaserstäben.

BACKGROUND: In two-stage septic revision arthroplasty of the knee, a temporary intramedullary fixation with an antibiotic-containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer is often performed in cases of extensive bone defects after endoprosthesis explantation. A common method is the use of conventional steel or carbon fiber rods, which are connected via a tube-to-tube connector and finally reinforced near the joint with bone cement. OBJECTIVE: As the surface of foreign materials plays a critical role in the colonization and biofilm formation in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), the steel and carbon fiber rods were examined and compared with respect to bacterial surface adhesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Carbon fiber and steel rods of external fixator systems were used for this experimental study. The sample material was placed in a substrate enriched with S. aureus. The adherent bacteria were examined both by fluorescence microscopy and quantitatively after ultrasonic detachment (sonication) in a smear preparation. In addition, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images were taken to analyze the topography of bacterial adhesions. RESULTS: The fluorescence microscopy revealed a uniform surface distribution for both materials. The observation of the SEM images showed that for carbon fiber rods the growth of bacteria ran in unison with the direction of the fiber, while for the steel rods an arbitrary arrangement was found. With the help of sonication a significant difference in the number of adherent micro-organisms between the two materials could not be determined using the Wilcoxon test (significance level p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both materials can be used to perform PMMA-reinforced intramedullary fixation without fear of sacrificing therapeutic success. From an economic point of view, the use of steel rods seems reasonable as the material costs are significantly lower.

[Changes in age distribution and frequency of comorbidities in patients in the occupational insurance association treatment process]. / Veränderung der Altersstruktur und Häufigkeit von Komorbiditäten bei Patienten im bg-lichen Heilverfahren.

BACKGROUND: Due to the demographic development the proportion of older patients has increased. These show at least a higher rate of comorbidities, which affects the length of inpatient hospital stay. Until now no uniform recording exists for such comorbidities within the occupational insurance association system even if the clinical relevance is beyond dispute. Adaptations within the system with increased interdisciplinary treatment are necessary. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the age distribution and the frequency of comorbidities in patients in the occupational insurance association system. METHODS: The study was a retrospective analysis of age distribution and comorbidities of all operatively treated occupational insurance association patients in 2005 (n = 631), 2010 (n = 1180) and 2015/2016 (n = 2315). A comparison of the age groups ≤29 years, 30-49 years, 50-65 years and ≥66 years was performed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients aged 50-65 years showed a significant increase: 2005 (26.5%), 2010 (30.5%) and 2015/2016 (37.3%) (p < 0.001) and an increased proportion of patients with at least 1 comorbidity: 2005 (38.7%), 2010 (52.5%) and 2015/2016 (52.9%) (p = 0.01). This was statistically significant (p < 0.001, p = 0.005) within the age group 30-49 years (2005: 31.1%, 2015/2016: 49.0%) and the age group 50-65 years (2005: 55.7%, 2015/2016: 67.1%). Significant changes were found for arterial hypertension, morbid obesity, thyroid and respiratory diseases. In addition, there was an increase in multimorbid patients. DISCUSSION: A changing age distribution with a tendency to an increased number of older patients and an increased frequency of comorbidities could be determined. In the present documentation system of the occupational insurance association treatment procedure these comorbidities are insufficiently recorded and considered, even though their clinical relevance is indisputable. Adaptations with respect to intensified interdisciplinary cooperation are necessary.

[Shoulder prosthesis replacement options : New implants, treatment algorithms and clinical results]. / Wechseloptionen bei Schulterprothesen : Neue Implantate, Therapiealgorithmus und klinische Ergebnisse.

BACKGROUND: Bony defect situations are a common problem in revision arthroplasty of the shoulder and are the cause of the complexity of the procedure. Aseptic and septic loosening as well as difficult implant removal can result in humeral and/or glenoid bone loss. PLANNING: A careful preoperative imaging is needed to estimate the extent of the bony defect and to enable precise planning of the bone reconstruction and the required implants. However, the size of the defect needs to be re-evaluated intraoperatively after removal of the implant components and any larger defects have to be addressed appropriately. PROSTHESIS DESIGN: While in the glenoid autologous bone grafts and, to a lesser extent, allogenic bone grafts are preferred, metallic augmented implants have recently become available to fill the glenoid bone defect. However, humeral defects are normally addressed with longer revision stems, possibly with allograft augmentation. The soft tissue loss in proximal humeral defects can be addressed with fixation techniques to improve function and reduce the risk of dislocation. Modern modular prosthesis designs allow prosthesis conversion while leaving bony, tightly integrated component parts on the glenoid or shaft. This review describes the preoperative diagnostic steps as well as techniques for revision surgery of the shoulder in the case of bone loss.

[Unplanned admission or readmission to the intensive care unit : Avoidable or fateful?] / Ungeplante Aufnahmen oder Rückverlegungen auf die Intensivstation : Vermeidbar oder schicksalhaft?

BACKGROUND: Unplanned admissions or readmissions to the intensive care unit lead to a poorer outcome and present medical, logistic and economic challenges for a clinic. How often and what are the reasons for readmission to the intensive care unit? Which strategies and guidelines to avoid readmission are recommended. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis and discussion of available studies and recommendations of national and international societies. RESULTS: Many studies show that unplanned admissions and readmissions to the intensive care unit represent an independent risk factor for a poor outcome for patients. Different factors that increase the probability of readmission can be identified. Structural changes concerning the normal wards, intensive care unit or the clinic internal emergency service could positively effect readmission rates and/or patient outcome while other studies failed to show any effect of these arrangements. CONCLUSION: Patient transition from the intensive care unit to a lower level of care is a critical point of time and has to be accompanied by a high quality handover. Unstable patients on normal wards have to be identified and treated as soon as possible but effects of standardized medical emergency teams are controversial.

[Bony Bankart lesions and glenoid defects : From refixation techniques to bony augmentation]. / Knöcherne Bankart-Läsion und Glenoiddefekte : Von Techniken der Refixierung bis zur knöchernen Augmentation.

Rim defects of the anterior glenoid cavity are a main reason for residual shoulder instability after traumatic dislocation of the shoulder. These defects can be the result of a glenoid rim fracture or chronic glenoid erosion after repeated shoulder dislocations. Treatment concepts for these entities are entirely different. While in the acute fracture situation glenoid rim fractures can be treated operatively or non-operatively, augmentation of the anterior glenoid for stabilization of the shoulder should be considered if the defect exceeds 15-25% of the anterior glenoid. The purpose of this article is to summarize the diagnostics and indications for treatment of glenoid rim fractures. Radiological assessment and options for augmentation are reviewed for both acute fractures as well as chronic instability following an anterior glenoid rim defect.

Effective and rapid treatment of wound botulism, a case report.

BACKGROUND: The latest news shows several cases of contaminated heroin that is found in different parts all over Europe. This information can be helpful for the emergency doctors to find the correct diagnosis of wound botulism in patients who are intravenous drug users. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a 40-year-old man who presented to the emergency department in 2016. He suffered from mild dysarthria, diplopia, dysphagia and ptosis since two days. The CT-scan of the cerebrum and the liquor were without any pathological results. We found out that the patient is an intravenous drug user and the clinical examination showed an abscess in the left groin. So we treated him with the suspected diagnosis of wound botulism. In the emergency operation we split the abscess, made a radical debridement and complementary treated him with a high dose of penicillin g and two units of botulism antitoxin. The suspected diagnosis was confirmed a few days later by finding the Toxin B in the abscess and in the patient's serum. In the following days the neurological symptoms decreased and the wound healing was without any complications. The patient left the hospital after nine days; the antibiotic therapy with penicillin g was continued for several days. In a following examination, 14 days after the patient's discharge of the hospital, no further symptoms were found and the abscess was treated successfully without any problems. CONCLUSION: Because wound botulism is a very rare disease it can be challenging to the attending physician. This case shows a fast treatment with full recovery of the patient without any further disabilities, which can be used for the future.

Bone grafting in oblique versus prepared rectangular uncontained glenoid defects in reversed shoulder arthroplasty. A biomechanical comparison.

BACKGROUND: How the shape of the glenoid defect being reconstructed influences stability in reversed shoulder arthroplasty has never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the reconstruction of two different shaped defects in reversed shoulder arthroplasty. METHODS: Two groups (ten Sawbone scapulae each) of oblique- and rectangular-shaped glenoid defects were tested biomechanically. On the anterior half of the glenoid, bony defects (rectangular and oblique shaped) were prepared and reconstructed subsequently with a graft and reversed shoulder arthroplasty. As a control group, Sawbones without glenoid deficiency were used. In addition, these tests were reproduced in cadavers. FINDINGS: In Sawbones, no significant difference in initial stability was found between the two groups (p>0.05). Additionally, in the cadaver tests no significant difference was found between the groups with different defects (p>0.05). During the preparation, macroscopic loosening of the oblique bone grafts was found in three cases after the performance of the reversed shoulder arthroplasty due to the lack of medial support. The localization of the highest micromotion were measured primarily between the scapula bone and the graft compared to the measured micromotions between glenoid implant and the graft. INTERPRETATION: If the oblique-shaped bone graft was secured under the baseplate, the rectangular defect preparation did not show a significantly higher primary stability. However, the advantage of medial support in rectangular defects leads to more stability while placing the bone graft and baseplate during the surgical technique and should therefore be considered a preferable option.

Tracheostomy as a bridge to spontaneous breathing and awake-ECMO in non-transplant surgical patients.

AIMS: The tracheostomy is a frequently used procedure for the respiratory weaning of ventilated patients allows sedation free ECLS use in awake patient. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility and highlight the benefits of lowering the impact of sedation in surgical non-transplant patients on ECLS. The specific objective was to investigate the use of tracheostomy as a bridge to spontaneous breathing on ECLS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the 95 patients, 65 patients received a tracheostomy, and 5 patients were admitted with a tracheostoma. One patient was cannulated without intubation, one is extubated during ECLS course after 48 hours. 4 patients were extubated after weaning and the removal of ECLS. 19 patients died before the indication to tracheostomy was given. CONCLUSION: Tracheostomy can bridge to spontaneous breathing and awake-ECMO in non-transplant surgical patients. The "awake ECMO" strategy may avoid complications related to mechanical ventilation, sedation, and immobilization and provide comparable outcomes to other approaches for providing respiratory support.

The sensitivity of ultrasound screening examination in detecting heterotopic ossification following spinal cord injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of sonography in detecting heterotopic ossification (HO) following spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2013, 217 patients with HO of the hips met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analyses. The diagnosis of HO was carried out in all cases using our hospital protocol. Primary outcome measure was to calculate the sensitivity of ultrasound screening examination in detecting HO following SCI. RESULTS: The diagnosis of HO was confirmed in 217 patients after a mean interval of 64.8 days (range from 8 to 295; s.d.=40.4) via computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan. In 193 out of 217 patients, suspicious HO signs were noted in the ultrasound screening examination (sensitivity=88.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of ultrasound for screening for HO in SCI patients is reliable and has a high sensitivity.

Outcome of periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip replacement treated with polyaxial locking plate.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients with total hip replacement (THR) is likely to grow. Periprosthetic femoral fractures occur in 0.1-4.5 % of patients with THR. Treatment of periprosthetic fractures in the vicinity of well-fixed implants has focused on lateral plating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate polyaxial locking plate treatment of periprosthetic fractures with THR in regard to fracture type, surgical procedure, complications, and outcome. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2013, 109 patients underwent surgical treatment for periprosthetic femur fractures with 66 fractures in the vicinity to a THR. Fifteen patients were excluded. Therefore, 51 patients with a mean age of 78.7 years were identified. There were 76.5 % females. Average BMI was 27.1 kg/m2. Follow-up averaged 25 months. Total hip stems were uncemented in 63 %. Low-energy mechanism predominated. Fractures were classified according to AO/OTA and Vancouver classifications with the majority (70.6 %) classified as AO/OTA type A fractures. Surgeries were performed utilizing a polyaxial locking plate. Complications were recorded concerning infection, union, fixation failure, and revision surgery. RESULTS: After the index procedure, 90.2 % healed. Non-union formation was diagnosed in 5.9 % with 2.0 % leading to hardware failure. All patients with non-union formation had interprosthetic fractures (χ 2 = 0.016). Additionally, these fractures were classified as AO/OTA type B fractures (χ 2 = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management despite polyaxial locked plate fixation continues to be challenging and may still result in non-union formation. Non-union formation is increased in AO/OTA type B fractures and related to interprosthetic fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

[The acetabulum nonunion: reconstruction and reosteosynthesis : A long-term outcome]. / Die Acetabulumpseudarthrose: Rekonstruktion und Reosteosynthese : Ein Langzeitergebnis.

Acetabular nonunions are rare, especially after operative treatment of an acetabular fracture. There are only single reports of the reconstruction and therapy of acetabular nonunion. Furthermore, there are fewer reports for treatment of acetabular nonunion with a long follow-up. We report a successful revision of an acetabular nonunion after transversal fracture and previous operative intervention, as well as the long-term follow-up after revision surgery.

Ankylosing spondylitis does not increase the risk of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in patients with a spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to analyze the impact of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in developing heterotopic ossification (HO) in patients following spinal cord injury. SETTING: Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2015, 67 patients with AS and SCI were included in the study. The control group consisted of 141 patients with SCI and without AS. The definitive diagnosis of HO was made via magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Primary outcome measure was to analyze the impact of AS on the development of HO. RESULTS: Fifteen out of 67 AS patients (22.4%) had a diagnosed HO. In the control group, 28 of 141 patients (19.9%) suffered from HO. Patients with AS had no significant higher risk for HO development compared with patients without AS (RR=1.16; 95% CI=0.65-2.09). However, patients with a complete neurological deficit had a twofold higher risk for HO development (RR=2.55; 95% CI=1.26-5.16). CONCLUSIONS: AS does not increase the risk for HO development in patients with spinal cord injury.