Association between bone mineral content and dietary patterns among Brazilian adults from Viçosa, Minas Gerais: a population-based study / Associação entre conteúdo mineral ósseo e padrões alimentares em adultos de Viçosa, Minas Gerais: um estudo de base populacional

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the study was to investigate if there is an association between dietary patterns and bone mineral content among Brazilian adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Bone health was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The dietary pattern was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis obtained the dietary patterns. Linear regression was used for the multivariate analysis. The research was conducted with adult individuals (20-59 years old) of both sexes residing in the city of Viçosa, MG, Brazil (n=572). Results Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: a "meats and alcoholic drinks" pattern, composed of condiments, alcoholic drinks, dough-based foods, and savory snacks; and a "local traditional" pattern, composed of eggs, beans, trooper's beans, margarine, butter, olive oil, coffee and tea, cereals, and tubers (factor loadings ≥0.20). Having verified the associations considering the confounding factors, we identified that the bone mineral content for males was positively associated with the "local traditional" dietary pattern (β=0.058; 95% CI: 0.003-0.112; p=0.036), and for females an inverse association with the "meats and alcoholic drinks" pattern was found (β=-0.057; 95% CI: -0.110 -0.003; p=0.037). Conclusion We identified a positive association between the local traditional dietary pattern and bone health.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar se há associação entre padrões alimentares e conteúdo mineral ósseo em adultos brasileiros. Métodos Este é um estudo transversal de base populacional. A saúde óssea de indivíduos adultos (20-59 anos) de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Viçosa, MG, Brasil, (n=572) foi avaliada por meio da absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia. O padrão alimentar foi obtido através de um questionário de frequência alimentar; a análise fatorial exploratória foi aplicada para obter os padrões alimentares e a regressão linear foi usada para a análise multivariada. Resultados Foram identificados dois padrões alimentares distintos: um padrão "carne e bebidas alcóolicas", composto por condimentos, bebidas alcoólicas, alimentos à base de massa e salgadinhos, e um padrão "local tradicional", composto de ovos, feijões, feijão tropeiro, margarina, manteiga, azeite, café e chá, cereais e tubérculos (cargas fatoriais ≥0,20). Verificadas as associações considerando os fatores de confusão, identificou-se que o conteúdo mineral ósseo para o sexo masculino se associou positivamente ao padrão alimentar "local tradicional" (β=0,058; 95% CI: 0,003-0,112; p=0,036), e para o sexo feminino foi encontrada associação inversa com o padrão "carne e bebidas alcóolicas" (β=-0,057; 95% CI: -0,110 -0,003; p=0,037). Conclusão Uma associação positiva entre o padrão alimentar "local tradicional" e a saúde óssea foi identificada.

Vitamin D and bone health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Low bone health is associated with vitamin D deficiency in older individuals; however, this association is not well established in adults. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone health in adults by systematic review and meta-analysis. The search was carried out in the LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect databases from March 2017 to October 2018 with adult individuals (20-59 years). Bone health was evaluation performed through dual X-ray absorptiometry and serum concentrations of 25(OH)D. The random effect model was used to analyze data from bone mineral content and bone mineral. Random effects models were used and the sources of heterogeneity were explored by means of meta-regression. Thirty-five articles were selected. There was positive correlation between vitamin D and bone health in most of the evaluated sites. Correlation was observed in the analysis of subgroups for lumbar spine among men. When stratified, the studies presented high heterogeneity, which was explained by the sample size, mean serum vitamin D levels and risk of bias. Vitamin D is positively correlated to bone health in adult individuals.

Vitamin D and bone health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Vitamina D e saúde óssea em adultos: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract Low bone health is associated with vitamin D deficiency in older individuals; however, this association is not well established in adults. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone health in adults by systematic review and meta-analysis. The search was carried out in the LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect databases from March 2017 to October 2018 with adult individuals (20-59 years). Bone health was evaluation performed through dual X-ray absorptiometry and serum concentrations of 25(OH)D. The random effect model was used to analyze data from bone mineral content and bone mineral. Random effects models were used and the sources of heterogeneity were explored by means of meta-regression. Thirty-five articles were selected. There was positive correlation between vitamin D and bone health in most of the evaluated sites. Correlation was observed in the analysis of subgroups for lumbar spine among men. When stratified, the studies presented high heterogeneity, which was explained by the sample size, mean serum vitamin D levels and risk of bias. Vitamin D is positively correlated to bone health in adult individuals.

Resumo A baixa saúde óssea está associada à deficiência de vitamina D em indivíduos mais velhos; no entanto, isso não está bem estabelecido em adultos. O estudo objetivou-se analisar a associação entre concentrações séricas de 25-hidroxivitamina D e baixa saúde óssea em adultos por revisão sistemática e metanálise. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect de março de 2017 a outubro de 2018 com indivíduos adultos (20-59 anos). A avaliação da saúde óssea foi realizada através da absorciometria dupla de raios X e concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D. O modelo de efeito aleatório foi utilizado para analisar dados do conteúdo mineral ósseo e densidade mineral óssea. Modelos de efeitos aleatórios foram utilizados e a heterogeneidade foi explorada por meio de meta-regressão. Trinta e cinco artigos foram selecionados. Houve correlação positiva entre a vitamina D e a saúde óssea na maioria dos locais avaliados. Observou-se correlação na análise de subgrupos da coluna lombar entre homens. Quando estratificados, os estudos apresentaram alta heterogeneidade, explicada pelo tamanho da amostra, pelos níveis séricos médios da vitamina e pelo risco de viés. A vitamina D está positivamente correlacionada com a saúde óssea em indivíduos adultos.

Does the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and bone mass vary according to skin color in adults? Results of a Brazilian population-based study.

Skin color has been indicated as an important factor in determining serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and consequently bone health. However, studies are controversial and scarce for mixed populations. PURPOSE/INTRODUCTION: To analyze the association of 25(OH)D with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD); and to investigate the presence of interaction with skin color in Brazilian adults. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted with adult individuals (20-59 years) of both genders. Bone health was assessed by dual energy radiological absortometry. Vitamin D status was measured using serum 25(OH)D. Skin color and other variables in the adjusted model were collected using a questionnaire and anthropometric assessment. Associations and interactions were evaluated using linear regression models stratified according to gender. RESULTS: Non-white men with vitamin D deficiency (< 20.0 ng/mL) have less bone mass than those with insufficiency and sufficiency for the femoral neck and hip sites. According to the adjusted regression analysis, the deficient status of 25(OH)D in men was associated with worse bone health for the lumbar spine sites (ß = - 0.1; p = 0.006), femoral neck (ß = - 0.08; p = 0.006), and hip (ß = - 0.08; p = 0.009). No statistically significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D and bone health in women. In addition, no statistical interaction was identified between skin color and vitamin D status in relation to bone health (p > 0.05 for all tests) in either gender and for all bone sites evaluated. CONCLUSION: Deficient vitamin D status is associated with lower bone mass in adults with differences observed according to gender, but not according to skin color.

Association between Skeletal Mass Indices and Metabolic Syndrome in Brazilian Adults.

INTRODUCTION: Skeletal muscle is the primary site of glucose uptake and its reduction would increase insulin resistance, which is a determinant factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. However, the role of low skeletal muscle mass as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and its association with cardiometabolic risk is still uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between muscle mass (determined by different skeletal mass indices) and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study with 689 adults of both sexes aged between 20 and 59 years. Data were collected through questionnaires and assessment of body composition through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements. RESULTS: Older individuals, obese and those with metabolic syndrome predominated in the highest tertile of skeletal mass index adjusted by height (SMIheight), whereas using skeletal mass index adjusted by weight (SMIweight) and skeletal mass index adjusted by body mass index (SMIBMI) these individuals were the majority in the lowest tertile of these indices. In men and women, the adjusted logistic regression model revealed that the highest tertile of SMIweight (odds ratio [OR]: 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.21 and OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10-0.74) and SMIBMI (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05-0.37 and OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.94) were negatively associated with metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, the highest tertile of SMIheight was positively associated with metabolic syndrome in both sexes (OR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.80-9.66 and OR: 6.15, 95% CI: 2.31-16.37, respectively in men and women). CONCLUSION: In adults, the muscle mass assessed from the skeletal mass index adjusted for body weight and body mass index is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in both sexes.

Skeletal mass indices are inversely associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotype in overweight/obese and normal-weight men: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Muscle mass may play an important role in the metabolic profile of individuals with or without excess weight. Metabolic phenotypes classify individuals as healthy or unhealthy based on certain metabolic conditions. We investigated the association between skeletal mass indices (SMI) and the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in normal-weight and overweight/obese adults. A total of 660 adults aged 20 to 59 years were assessed by a population-based cross-sectional study. Muscle mass of the limbs or appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted for weight (SMIweight) and BMI (SMIBMI) was used to evaluate SMI. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between SMIweight, SMIBMI and metabolic phenotypes of normal-weight and overweight/obese individuals. Metabolically unhealthy individuals were older in both sexes. Metabolically unhealthy men had lower SMI values and higher fat percentage than metabolically healthy men. SMIweight was inversely associated with the metabolically unhealthy phenotype, both in normal-weight men (OR 0·49, 95 % CI 0·24, 0·99, P = 0·04) and in overweight/obese men (OR 0·32, 95 % CI 0·16, 0·64, P = 0·001). SMIBMI was inversely associated with the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in overweight/obese men (OR 0·36, 95 % CI 0·18, 0·72, P = 0·004), but not in normal-weight men (OR 0·70, 95 % CI 0·34, 1·43, P = 0·33). Among women, SMI showed no significant association with the phenotypes. In conclusion, the SMI are inversely associated with the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in men, especially among overweight/obese men.

Factors associated with bone mineral density in adults: a cross-sectional population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the association between lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip bone mineral density (biophysical bone health assessment parameter), and sociodemographic, anthropometric, behavioral, and health condition factors in Brazilian adults. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study performed with individuals of both genders, aged between 20 and 59 (n=701). The dependent variables were evaluated by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. The independent variables were evaluated through a questionnaire, anthropometric evaluation and blood collection. The association between bone mineral density and the independent variables was evaluated by linear regression analysis. All analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS: Men presented higher bone mineral density than women. Bone mineral density was inversely associated with age range and directly associated with nutritional status in both genders and in the three bone sites analyzed. In addition, 25 Hydroxyvitamin D deficient status among men and contraceptive use among women were associated with lower bone mineral density, and a significant association was only found with lumbar spine bone mineral density in women. CONCLUSION: The factors associated with bone health among men were age, skin color, nutritional status, and vitamin D status. For women, the associated factors with bone health were age, skin color, nutritional status and contraceptive use.

Factors associated with bone mineral density in adults: a cross-sectional population-based study / Fatores associados à densidade mineral óssea em adultos: um estudo transversal baseado em população / Factores asociados con la densidad mineral ósea en adultos: un estudio transversal basado en población

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip bone mineral density (biophysical bone health assessment parameter), and sociodemographic, anthropometric, behavioral, and health condition factors in Brazilian adults. Method: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study performed with individuals of both genders, aged between 20 and 59 (n=701). The dependent variables were evaluated by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. The independent variables were evaluated through a questionnaire, anthropometric evaluation and blood collection. The association between bone mineral density and the independent variables was evaluated by linear regression analysis. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Men presented higher bone mineral density than women. Bone mineral density was inversely associated with age range and directly associated with nutritional status in both genders and in the three bone sites analyzed. In addition, 25 Hydroxyvitamin D deficient status among men and contraceptive use among women were associated with lower bone mineral density, and a significant association was only found with lumbar spine bone mineral density in women. Conclusion: The factors associated with bone health among men were age, skin color, nutritional status, and vitamin D status. For women, the associated factors with bone health were age, skin color, nutritional status and contraceptive use.

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre coluna lombar, colo femoral, densidade mineral óssea total do quadril (parâmetro biofísico de avaliação da saúde óssea) e fatores sociodemográficos, antropométricos, comportamentais e de condição de saúde nos adultos brasileiros. Método: Este é um estudo transversal, baseado em população, realizado com indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 20 e 59 anos (n=701). As variáveis dependentes foram avaliadas por Absorciometria com Raios-X de Dupla Energia. As variáveis independentes foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário, avaliação antropométrica e coleta de sangue. A associação entre densidade mineral óssea e variáveis independentes foi avaliada por análise de regressão linear. Todas as análises foram estratificadas por gênero. Resultados: Os homens apresentaram densidade mineral óssea mais alta do que as mulheres. A densidade mineral óssea foi inversamente associada à faixa etária e diretamente associada ao estado nutricional em ambos os gêneros e nos três locais ósseos analisados. Além disso, o estado de deficiência de 25-Hidroxivitamina D entre os homens e o uso de contraceptivos entre as mulheres foram associados a uma densidade mineral óssea mais baixa, e uma associação significativa só foi encontrada com a densidade mineral óssea da coluna lombar nas mulheres. Conclusão: Os fatores associados à saúde óssea entre os homens foram idade, cor da pele, estado nutricional e estado da vitamina D. Para as mulheres, os fatores associados à saúde óssea foram idade, cor da pele, estado nutricional e uso de contraceptivos.

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como fin analizar la asociación entre columna lumbar, cuello femoral, densidad mineral ósea total de la cadera (parámetro biofísico de evaluación de la salud ósea) y factores sociodemográficos, antropométricos, comportamentales y de condición de salud en los adultos brasileños. Método: Este es un estudio transversal, basado en población, llevado a cabo con individuos de ambos géneros, con edades entre 20 y 59 años (n=701). Las variables dependientes fueron evaluadas por Absorciometría con Rayos X de Doble Energía. Las variables independientes fueron evaluadas mediante un cuestionario, evaluación antropométrica y recolección de sangre. La asociación entre densidad mineral ósea y variables independientes fue valorado por análisis de regresión lineal. Todos los análisis fueron estratificados por género. Resultados: Los varones presentaron densidad mineral ósea más alta que las mujeres. La densidad mineral ósea estuvo inversamente asociada con el rango de edad y directamente asociada con el estado nutritivo en ambos géneros y en los tres sitios óseos analizados. Además, el estado de deficiencia de 25-Hidroxivitamina D entre los hombres y el uso de contraceptivos entre las mujeres estuvieron asociados con una densidad mineral ósea más baja, y una asociación significativa solo fue encontrada con la densidad mineral ósea de la columna lumbar en las mujeres. Conclusión: Los factores asociados con la salud ósea entre los varones fueron edad, color de la piel, estado nutritivo y estado de la vitamina D. Para las mujeres, los factores asociados con la salud ósea fueron edad, color de la piel, estado nutritivo y uso de contraceptivos.

Factors associated with bone mineral content in adults: a population-based study / Fatores associados ao conteúdo mineral ósseo em adultos: estudo de base populacional

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the association among bone mineral content, sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioral factors, and health status of Brazilian adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional, population-based study including 701 individuals from both sexes aged between 20 and 59 years. DEXA was used to evaluate dependent variable. The associations were evaluated using linear regression models stratified by sex. Results When mean bone mineral content values were compared, we found significant differences related to sex and all the independent variables evaluated. In the adjusted models, we identified an inverse association between bone mineral content and age in both sexes. Among men, to be overweight and/or obese, be highly educated, and have almost sufficiency of 25(OH)D were associated with higher bone mineral content values. On the other hand, among women, to be non-white skin color, overweight and/or obese were associated with better bone health. The main factors associated with low total bone mineral density were advanced age, white skin color, low level of formal education, eutrophy, and 25(OH)D deficiency. Conclusion Our results may help to identify adults who are at higher risk, and these findings should be used as guidelines for prevention and early diagnosis.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a associação entre o conteúdo mineral ósseo e fatores sociodemográficos, antropométricos, comportamentais e condições de saúde em adultos brasileiros. Métodos Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado com 701 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 e 59 anos. A variável dependente foi avaliada por DEXA. As associações foram avaliadas por modelos de regressão linear estratificados baseados no sexo dos indivíduos. Resultados Quando comparados os valores médios do conteúdo mineral ósseo, observamos diferença estatisticamente significante em relação aos sexos e para todas as variáveis independentes avaliadas. Nos modelos ajustados, identificamos associação inversa entre o conteúdo mineral ósseo e a idade em ambos os sexos. Entre os homens, sobrepeso e obesidade, alta escolaridade e suficiência de 25(OH)D foram associados a maiores valores de conteúdo mineral ósseo. Entre as mulheres, por sua vez, cor da pele não branca, sobrepeso e obesidade foram associados a melhor saúde óssea. Os principais fatores associados à baixa massa óssea total foram idade avançada, cor da pele branca, baixa escolaridade, eutrofia e deficiência de 25(OH)D. Conclusão Esses resultados podem auxiliar na identificação de adultos com maior risco e que devem ser alvo de medidas de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce.

Factors associated with bone mineral content in adults: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association among bone mineral content, sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioral factors, and health status of Brazilian adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study including 701 individuals from both sexes aged between 20 and 59 years. DEXA was used to evaluate dependent variable. The associations were evaluated using linear regression models stratified by sex. RESULTS: When mean bone mineral content values were compared, we found significant differences related to sex and all the independent variables evaluated. In the adjusted models, we identified an inverse association between bone mineral content and age in both sexes. Among men, to be overweight and/or obese, be highly educated, and have almost sufficiency of 25(OH)D were associated with higher bone mineral content values. On the other hand, among women, to be non-white skin color, overweight and/or obese were associated with better bone health. The main factors associated with low total bone mineral density were advanced age, white skin color, low level of formal education, eutrophy, and 25(OH)D deficiency. CONCLUSION: Our results may help to identify adults who are at higher risk, and these findings should be used as guidelines for prevention and early diagnosis.

Body composition indices in Brazilian adults: age-specific and sex-specific percentile curves

ABSTRACT Objective To establish percentile curves for measures and indices of body composition by age and sex and compare them with data from other ethnic groups. Subjects and methods Cross-sectional, population-based study with adults aged 20-59 years (n = 689). Percentile curves adjusted by a third degree polynomial function were constructed for skeletal mass index (SMI), fat mass index, body fat, and load-capacity metabolic indices (LCMI) based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results SMIweight and SMIBMI showed decline from the third decade of life in both sexes, whereas SMIheight was not able to identify lean mass loss over the ages studied. There was a slight drop at the end of the fifth decade (50-59 years) in men. Among Americans and Chinese, the 50th percentile curve of SMIheight showed an earlier decline. The estimates of adiposity and LCMI curves peaked between 40-49 years and Americans and Chinese maintained an upward curve throughout adulthood. Conclusion The data and curves showed that the SMI adjusted for BMI and body weight were more adequate in detecting the decline of lean mass in adults due to aging. In contrast, SMIheight had a positive correlation with age and its curve increased throughout the evaluated age groups. The results contribute to the evaluation to the nutritional status of adults and to the prevention and treatment of outcomes related to adiposity and deficit lean mass.

Body composition indices in Brazilian adults: age-specific and sex-specific percentile curves.

OBJECTIVE: To establish percentile curves for measures and indices of body composition by age and sex and compare them with data from other ethnic groups. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study with adults aged 20-59 years (n = 689). Percentile curves adjusted by a third degree polynomial function were constructed for skeletal mass index (SMI), fat mass index, body fat, and load-capacity metabolic indices (LCMI) based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: SMIweight and SMIBMI showed decline from the third decade of life in both sexes, whereas SMIheight was not able to identify lean mass loss over the ages studied. There was a slight drop at the end of the fifth decade (50-59 years) in men. Among Americans and Chinese, the 50th percentile curve of SMIheight showed an earlier decline. The estimates of adiposity and LCMI curves peaked between 40-49 years and Americans and Chinese maintained an upward curve throughout adulthood. CONCLUSION: The data and curves showed that the SMI adjusted for BMI and body weight were more adequate in detecting the decline of lean mass in adults due to aging. In contrast, SMIheight had a positive correlation with age and its curve increased throughout the evaluated age groups. The results contribute to the evaluation to the nutritional status of adults and to the prevention and treatment of outcomes related to adiposity and deficit lean mass.

Excessive abdominal adiposity and body fat are associated with lower serum vitamin D levels: A population-based study / Excesso de adiposidade abdominal e de gordura corporal se associa à menor concentração sérica de vitamina D: um estudo de base populacional

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and to analyze factors associated with lower serum vitamin levels in Brazilian adults. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based study consisted of 626 adult individuals of both sexes living in the urban area of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. The dependent variable used was the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the independent variables were sociodemographic, anthropometric and body composition variables. The associations among the variables were verified using simple and multiple linear regression models, considering alpha lower than 0.05 for the input in the final model. Results The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was 14.4% and the prevalence was 42.0%. Excess abdominal fat was higher in subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D sufficiency. The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 30.34±9.85ng/ml. Body adiposity was higher in men with vitamin insufficiency. Negative associations were observed between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and age, educational level, body adiposity (p=0.028) and abdominal adiposity (p=0.023). Conclusion Our results showed that excess body and abdominal adiposity are strong predictors of alterations in the serum vitamin D levels, thus public policies for prevention and treatment in this population are essential.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de deficiência de 25 hidroxivitamina D e analisar fatores associados à menor concentração sérica da vitamina em adultos brasileiros. Métodos Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado com 626 indivíduos adultos, de ambos os sexos, residentes na área urbana do município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. A variável dependente utilizada foi a concentração sérica de 25 hidroxivitamina D e as independentes foram variáveis sociodemográficas, antropométricas e de composição corporal. As associações entre as variáveis foram verificadas utilizando-se modelos de regressão linear simples e múltipla, considerando alfa menor que 0,05 para a entrada no modelo final. Resultados A prevalência de deficiência de 25 hidroxivitamina D foi de 14,4% e a insuficiência de 42,0%. O excesso de gordura abdominal foi maior em indivíduos com suficiência de 25 hidroxivitamina D. A concentração sérica de 25 hidroxivitamina D foi de 30,34±9,85 ng/ml. A adiposidade corporal foi maior em homens com insuficiência. Foram verificadas associações negativas entre a concentração sérica de 25 hidroxivitamina D e a idade, a escolaridade, a adiposidade corporal (p=0,028) e a adiposidade abdominal (p=0,023). Conclusão Nossos resultados mostraram que o excesso de adiposidade corporal e abdominal são fortes preditores de alterações na concentração sérica de vitamina D, por isso, é importante que condutas públicas de prevenção e tratamento sejam estabelecidas nesta população.

Association of eating patterns and abdominal adiposity in Brazilian / Associação de padrões alimentares e adiposidade abdominal em adultos brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the relationship between dietary patterns and abdominal adiposity among adults living in the urban area of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study of 959 adults of both sexes. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake was collected through questionnaires. Abdominal adiposity was evaluated using waist circumference and the anthropometric indices waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio. Food patterns were identified by factor analysis. Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results Abdominal adiposity was identified by waist circumference in 59.06% (95%CI=52.77-65.08) of the sample, by waist-to-hip ratio in 54.65% (95%CI=47.92-61.21), and by waist-to-height ratio in 9% (95%CI=54.61-69.03). Two dietary patterns, named as traditional Brazilian and bar, were identified in the sample, but only the latter was statistically associated with abdominal adiposity determined by the three parameters. Conclusion The study identified two eating patterns in the population, a healthy and an unhealthy pattern, the latter being associated with greater odds of abdominal adiposity. Thus, it is important to take measures to reverse this trend.

RESUMO Objetivo Explorar a relação entre padrões alimentares e a adiposidade abdominal entre adultos residentes na área urbana do município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Métodos Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado com 959 indivíduos adultos e de ambos os sexos. Foram coletadas informações sobre as características sociodemográficas e de consumo alimentar por meio de questionários. Para avaliação da adiposidade abdominal, avaliou-se o perímetro da cintura e os índices antropométricos relação cintura/quadril e relação cintura/estatura. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por análise fatorial. Para análise multivariada, foi utilizada regressão de Poisson. Resultados A adiposidade abdominal identificada pela perímetro da cintura foi de 59,06% (IC95%=52,77-65,08), pela relação cintura/quadril foi de 54,65% (IC95%=47,92-61,21) e pela relação cintura/estatura de 62,09% (IC95%=54,61-69,03). Foram identificados dois padrões alimentares, nomeados de padrão "tradicional" e "bar", sendo que somente o último padrão foi estatisticamente associado à adiposidade abdominal determinada pelos três parâmetros. Conclusão A população do estudo apresentou dois padrões alimentares, um considerado saudável e outro não saudável, o qual foi associado à maior chance de adiposidade abdominal. Sendo assim, medidas que revertam tais situações são importantes de serem adotadas.