RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Osteomas are infrequent benign bone tumors of uncertain etiology. They are usually situated at extremities and their occurrence in the jaws is relatively rare. There are 3 types of osteoma: central, peripheral, and extraskeletal. Preoperative presumptive diagnosis is performed by means of radiography using orthopantomographs, computerized tomographs, or cone beam scans. Treatment is surgical and consists of careful exeresis and curettage of the adjacent tissue. In recent years, piezoelectric surgery has been used to treat bone pathologies in the maxillofacial area, orthopedic surgery, and neurosurgery. When used for the exeresis of a bone lesion, the device minimizes risks and eliminates possible complications arising from affectation of the vascular and nerve structures close to the lesion. OBJECTIVE: This clinical report describes a peripheral mandibular osteoma situated in the left mandibular basilar which recurred 45 years after surgical treatment at another center. METHODS: For resection, the surgical approach followed the scar remaining from the earlier surgery and was performed using piezoelectric surgery. Surgery did not cause hemorrhagic complications, affect the sensitivity of the left labial menton, or cause paralysis of the lower lip. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the present patient, it may be concluded that mandibular osteoma treatment by means of piezoelectric surgery makes precise exeresis possible with less affectation of the important surrounding structures such as the inferior alveolar nerve and the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve.