Incidence and predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies among adult diabetic patients in Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome are the two commonly known life-threatening hyperglycemic emergencies of diabetes mellitus. Despite the growing hyperglycemic emergency impact among adult patients with diabetes, its incidence and predictors have not been well studied in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies among adult patients with diabetes. Method: A retrospective follow-up study design was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 453 adult patients with diabetes. Data were entered into EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0. A Cox-proportional hazard regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies, and variables having a p < 0.05 in the multivariable model were considered statistically significant. Result: Among the total adult patients with diabetes included in the study, 147 (32.45%) developed hyperglycemic emergencies. Hence, the overall incidence of hyperglycemic emergencies was 14.6 per 100 person-years observation. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 12.5 per 100 person-years (35.6 and 6.3 among T1DM and T2DM, respectively). The incidence of the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome was 2.1 per 100 person-years (0.9 and 2.4 among T1DM and T2DM, respectively). The overall median free survival time was 53.85 months. Type 1 diabetes mellitus [AHR = 2.75, 95% CI (1.68, 4.51)], diabetes duration of ≥ 3 years [AHR = 0.33, 95% CI (0.21, 0.50)], recent acute illness [AHR = 2.99, 95% CI (2.03, 4.43)], presence of comorbidity [AHR = 2.36, 95% CI (1.53, 3.63)], poor glycemic control [AHR = 3.47, 95% CI (2.17, 5.56)], history of medication non-compliance [AHR = 1.85,95% CI (1.24, 2.76)], follow-up frequency of 2-3 months [AHR = 1.79,95% CI (1.06, 3.01)], and without community health insurance [AHR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.14, 2.35)] were significant predictors of hyperglycemic emergencies. Conclusion: The incidence of hyperglycemic emergencies was high. Therefore, giving greater attention to patients with identified predictors could decrease the occurrence of hyperglycemic emergencies and related public health and economic impacts.

Nurses' intention to leave their job in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Nurses' intention to leave their job is a worldwide concern. Internal and external brain drain factors are the main reason for nurses' intention to leave their job. So far, in Sub Sahara Africa, several observational studies have been done on nurses' intention to leave their job. However, a comprehensive review that would have a lot of evidence for designing an intervention is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to the pooled status of nurses' intention to leave their job. METHODS: In the current meta-analysis, the target variables were searched from different electronic databases. These electronic databases are Pub Med, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Index Medicus, African Journal Online, EMB ASE, and the Cochran Library. To determine the pooled proportion of intention to leave their job in Sub- Saharan Africa, all the necessary data was extracted by using a standardized data extraction format. We analyzed the data by using Stata 15 statistical software. Heterogeneity between the primary studies assessed by Cochran Q and I-square tests. A random-effect model computes to estimate the pooled nurses' intention to leave their job. RESULT: We included fifteen full-text studies in the current meta-analysis. The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that the pooled proportion of nurses' intention to leave their job in sub-Saharan Africa was 50.74% (95% CI; 41.33, 60.14; I2 = 95.80%). The subgroup analysis showed that the highest pooled proportion of intention to leave their job (58.03% (95% CI: 47.93, 68.12)) in East Africa. The lowest pooled estimation to leave their job among nurses showed that South Africa (33.04% (95%CI: 20.45, 45.63)). CONCLUSION: In the current study, there was a high proportion of nurses indentation to leave their job. Nurses' intention to leave their job also varied from region to region in the study area. Therefore, health managers and stakeholders focus on design sufficient development and career opportunities, positive working atmosphere, and secure their autonomy.

Prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in East and Central Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia leads to about 4 million neonatal deaths every year around the globe. But, the pooled prevalence of asphyxia was not yet collated in East and Central African countries. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in Central and East Africa. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Africa Index Medicus, Africa Journal Online, Excerpta Medica Database, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. All necessary data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format. Data were analyzed using STATA 14 statistical software. A heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I2 statistics. Publication bias was checked by using a funnel plot and Egger's regression test. A random-effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia. RESULTS: Thirteen full-text studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in this study was 15.9% (95%CI: 10.8, 21.0% [I2 = 94.6, p = 0.000]). Regional subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia was 18.0 % (95%CI:11.4, 26.7% [I2 = 96.00, p = 0.000]) and 9.1 % (95%CI:2.0, 16.2% [I2 = 90.80, P = 0.000]) in East and Central African countries respectively. Similarly, the level of perinatal asphyxia was varied based on asphyxia measuring tools. But the trim fill analysis pointed that there was no difference in the pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in this study. CONCLUSION: The pooled prevalence of perinatal asphyxia was high in the current study. It had also substantial variation across the regions and measuring tools. Therefore, there is a call to reduce the high burden of this problem in the region.

Compliance to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation and Its Association with the Number of ANC Visits in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommended that 80% of communities in all countries should receive the standard dose of iron folic acid. But, in Ethiopia, this target was not yet achieved. The compliance of iron folic acid was also variable across each district. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess women compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with a number of antenatal care visits in Ethiopia using systematic review and meta-analysis, 2018. METHODS: In the current meta-analysis, the target variables were searched from different electronic database system like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. To predict the pooled prevalence of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in Ethiopia, all original studies were considered. All necessary data were extracted by using a standardized data extraction format. The data were analyzed by using STATA 14 statistical software. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed by Cochrane Q and I 2 tests. A random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. RESULTS: Twelve full-text studies were included in the meta-analysis. The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation in Ethiopia was 43.63% (CI: 28.00, 59.25%). The women from the city administration had a high rate of compliance as compared with other regions of Ethiopia. The odds of having four or more antenatal care visit were the independent pooled predictor of compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: Current compliance with iron-folic supplementation was lower than the World health organization recommendation. Mothers from the city administration who utilized the antenatal care four and above times, had high level compliance with iron-folic acid supplementation. Therefore, we recommended that women should visit the antenatal clinic four times to compliance with the iron folic acid supplementation.

Dataset on utilization of a clinical checklist in the surgical operation in a resource limited settings.

This article aims to present a dataset on compliance and completeness of the Surgical Safety checklist at Bahir Dar City Administration Public Hospitals. The data showed that of the patient׳s files only 85.1% had the Surgical Safety Checklist and the remaining 14.9% of operations had not used the Surgical Safety Checklist. Of the total 313 Surgical Safety Checklists patient׳s files used, only 102 (32.6%) were complete (all items on the checklist had been 'ticked off') and 67.4% (211/313) were partially complete (all items on the checklist had not been 'ticked off'). Even though the surgical safety checklist was not used in all operations, all three parts of the surgical safety checklist had been 'ticked off' in the majority of the operations among those who utilized the checklist.

Chewing khat and risky sexual behavior among residents of Bahir Dar City administration, Northwest Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION: Khat is a well-known natural stimulant and is widely used in Ethiopia, particularly in Bahir Dar city. Khat chewing is linked with risky sexual behaviors. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of chewing khat and its relation with risky sexual behaviors among residents of Bahir Dar City administration, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February, 2016. The data were collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess association between dependent and explanatory variables. RESULTS: The proportion of lifetime and current chewing khat among the study participants were 25.7 and 19.5%, respectively. Males (AOR 5.0; 95% CI 3.0-8.2) than females, merchants (AOR 4.9; 95% CI 2.6-9.3) than government employees, and those with average monthly income of ≥ 3001 Ethiopian birr (AOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.8) than ≤ 1000 had an increased current chewing khat prevalence. Having lifetime history of chewing khat was significantly associated with ever had sexual intercourse, having extra sexual partners, watching pornographic film and self-reported sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSION: Chewing khat is associated with increment of having risky sexual behaviors and self-reported sexually transmitted infections. Harm reduction measures are needed to prevent the community from engaging in khat use and risky sexual behaviors.

Implementation of nursing process in clinical settings: the case of three governmental hospitals in Ethiopia, 2017.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the implementation of the nursing process at three randomly selected governmental hospitals found in Amhara Region North West Ethiopia. RESULT: From the total 338 reviewed documents, 264 (78.1%) have a nursing process format attached with the patient's profile/file, 107 (31.7%) had no nursing diagnosis, 185 (54.7%) of nurses stated their plan of care based on priority, 173 (51.2%) of nurses did not document their interventions based on plan and 179 (53.0%) of nurses did not evaluate their interventions. The overall implementation of nursing process among Felege Hiwot Referal hospital, Debretabor general hospital and Finoteselam general hospitals were 49.12, 68.18, and 69.42% respectively. Nursing professionals shall improve documentation required in implementing the nursing process. Nursing managers (matron, ward heads) shall supervise the overall implementation of nursing process. Hospital nursing services managers (matrons) shall arrange and facilitate case presentations by the nursing staffs which focus on documentation and updates on nursing process. Hospitals need to establish and support nursing process coordinating staff in their institution.

Predictors of job satisfaction among nurses working in Ethiopian public hospitals, 2014: institution-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Nurses play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of health care systems. Nurses' job satisfaction plays an important role in the delivery of quality health care. There is paucity of studies addressing job satisfaction among nurses in the public hospital setting in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess job satisfaction and factors influencing it among nurses in Jimma zone public hospitals, southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based census was conducted among 316 nurses working in Jimma zone public hospitals from March to April, 2014. A structured self-administered questionnaire based on a modified version of the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale was used. Data were entered using Epi Info version 3.5.3 statistical software and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. Mean satisfaction scores were compared by independent variables using an independent sample t test and ANOVA. Bivariate and multivariable linear regressions were done. RESULTS: A total of 316 nurses were included, yielding a response rate of 92.67%. The overall mean job satisfaction was (67.43 ± 13.85). One third (33.5%) of the study participants had a low level of job satisfaction. Mutual understandings at work and professional commitment showed significant and positive relationship with overall job satisfaction, while working at an inpatient unit and work load were negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS: One third of nurses had a low level of job satisfaction. Professional commitment, workload, working unit, and mutual understanding at work predicted the outcome variable.