RESUMO
A kinetic study of the effect of thermoheliox (inhalation of a helium and oxygen mixture, 70 °C) on the functional hemodynamics of the human brain by functional magnetic resonance imaging was carried out. The dynamic responses of the BOLD signal were found to be biphasic. An empirical equation describing the first phase of the hemodynamic response to visual stimulus was proposed. It was shown that preliminary inhalation of thermoheliox stimulates the hemodynamic responses by slowing down the vasoconstriction.
RESUMO
Wide-spread visualization methods which are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not sensitive to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, mTBI may cause changes of cerebral microstructure that could be found using diffusion-tensor imaging. The aim of this study is to reveal the impact of acute mTBI (no more than 3 days after trauma) on diffusion parameters in corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, and thalamus in children (aged 14-18). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were analyzed. Significant increase in FA and decrease in ADC were observed in thalamus. The trend to an increase in FA is observed in corpus callosum.
Assuntos
Concussão Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Caloso/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/tendências , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Água , Adolescente , Anisotropia , Concussão Encefálica/metabolismo , Criança , Corpo Caloso/metabolismo , Difusão , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tálamo/metabolismo , Água/metabolismoRESUMO
For the first time the intracellular concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), aspartate (Asp), and glutamate (Glu) were measured in human brain in vivo, and the effect of severe traumatic brain injury on NAA synthesis in acute and remote posttraumatic phases was revealed. In non-damaged (MRI-negative) lobes the next day after injury, Asp and Glu decreased by 45% and 35%, respectively, while NAA decreased only by 16%. A negative correlation between NAA and Asp/Glu ratio was found. The Glu level returned to the norm long after injury, Asp remained below the norm by 60%, NAA decreased by 65% relative to the norm, and Asp/Glu decreased significantly. The results obtained educe the leading role of neuronal aspartate-malate shuttle in NAA synthesis alterations.
Assuntos
Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas , Encéfalo , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Adolescente , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/metabolismo , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Germline mutations in CACNA1D cause the primary aldosteronism, seizures, and neurologic abnormalities (PASNA) syndrome (OMIM# 615474) characterized by primary aldosteronism, seizures and neurological abnormalities. The authors present a case-report of a 1-year 3-month male patient with neurological symptoms such as seizures and global developmental delay with primary hyperaldosteronism. The heterozygosis disease-causing variant c.776T>A in CACNA1D gene was identified.
Assuntos
Canais de Cálcio Tipo L/genética , Hiperaldosteronismo , Humanos , Hiperaldosteronismo/genética , Lactente , Masculino , Mutação , Convulsões , SíndromeRESUMO
Diffusion parameters of brain tracts (n=18) were studied in 27 men with ultra-high risk of endogenous attack-like psychoses and 27 mentally healthy men of the same age group (fractional anisotropy; and average, radial, and axial diffusion). Correlation analysis was performed between these parameters and severity of mental disorders (SOPS scale). The indexes of radial diffusion and axial diffusion were shown to change in the left anterior thalamic radiation and right posterior cingulum bundle, respectively. Our results are consistent with published data that disturbances in the frontal and temporal lobes play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The degree of mental disorders correlated with diffusion parameters in the left and right anterior cingulum bundle.
Assuntos
Corpo Caloso/patologia , Lobo Frontal/patologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/patologia , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Lobo Temporal/patologia , Substância Branca/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anisotropia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Corpo Caloso/fisiopatologia , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Tálamo/patologia , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Substância Branca/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The authors consider a clinical case of Niemann-Pick disease type C, an orphan hereditary autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease belonging to the group of lysosomal storage disease, in an 11-year female patient with the late infantile form of the disease. The combination of psychomotor retardation, polymorphic neurological symptoms and physical changes in the form of isolated splenomegaly suggested the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick type C disease. DNA testing was carried out using direct automated sequencing. The patient was treated with miglustat.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Doença de Niemann-Pick Tipo C , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Doença de Niemann-Pick Tipo C/diagnósticoRESUMO
The MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence was used for determination of overlapping signals in the (1)H-MRS spectra of the human brain. For the first time, the balance of GABA glutamate/glutamine concentrations was estimated quantitatively in the human brain of patients with ultra-high risk of schizophrenia. It was found that GABA concentration and GABA/GLX ratios were significantly reduced in the left frontal lobe of UHR subjects.
Assuntos
Lobo Frontal/metabolismo , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Glutamina/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Creatina/metabolismo , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lateralidade Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Sintomas Prodrômicos , Risco , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The use of event-related fMRI makes it possible to investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of cortical and subcortical human brain structures activity during voluntary movement performance in response to presentation of relevant verbal stimuli. The results of the study showed that voluntary movement was associated with higher contralateral brain activation in a number of areas: primary motor and somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area and insula with adjacent regions. Ipsilateral activation of the cerebellum also was observed. It should be emphasized that contralateral strio-pallidal complex and ventral thalamus showed significant response to motor tasks. Similarly, the dynamics of cortex and deep brain structures activation involving in the phasic and tonic components of voluntary movement was uncovered. We showed, in particular, the noticeable difference in brain activation between the right and left hand movement performance. The obtained results enable to enhance understanding of the role of deep brain structures in voluntary movement organization in human and motor control system as a whole.
Assuntos
Cerebelo/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos do Sistema Nervoso , Córtex Somatossensorial/fisiologia , Adulto , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Mãos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Córtex Motor/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Radiografia , Córtex Somatossensorial/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Specific features of diffusion in the cerebral corticospinal tract of patients with early stages of schizophrenia were studied using methods of diffusion tensor magnetic-resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A decrease in the coefficient of fractional anisotropy in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and an increase in diffusion coefficient in the radiate crown and motor cortex were observed. The results reflect different mechanisms of changes in water diffusion in various areas of the corticospinal tract: changes in nerve fiber microstructure in the internal capsule of the left hemisphere and a decrease in their density in the motor cortex and radiate crown.
Assuntos
Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Tratos Piramidais/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anisotropia , Água Corporal , Pedúnculo Cerebral/metabolismo , Pedúnculo Cerebral/patologia , Difusão , Humanos , Cápsula Interna/metabolismo , Cápsula Interna/patologia , Masculino , Bulbo/metabolismo , Bulbo/patologia , Córtex Motor/metabolismo , Córtex Motor/patologia , Fibras Nervosas/metabolismo , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Tratos Piramidais/patologia , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Substância Branca/metabolismo , Substância Branca/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Functional and structural brain abnormalities in people at high risk for psychosis is a subject of intensive studies in biological psychiatry over the last decades. We studied correlations between neurophysiological and neuroimaging parameters in ultra-high risk patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients, aged 17-25 years, with nonpsychotic mental disorders were examined. The control group included 30 age- and sex-matched healthy people. Neurophysiological study measured sensory gating. Proton MR-spectroscopy was used to study metabolic processes in the brain (index for glutamate/glutamine, N-acetylaspartate and choline containing compounds in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus of both hemispheres as well as in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We found the abnormality of sensory gating in patients at ultra-high risk for endogenous psychosis that was not correlated with the metabolic parameters. The latter were normal or were normalized during treatment.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Processos Mentais , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Colina/metabolismo , Potenciais Evocados , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Glutamina/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Neuroimagem , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Risco , Tálamo/metabolismo , Tálamo/patologia , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Diffusion in the cerebral corpus callosum in patients with early schizophrenia was studied by diffusion tensor MRT and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fraction anisotropy coefficient in the corpus callosum knee was low as a result of high radial diffusion. Spectroscopy detected a decrease of N-acetylaspartate level in the corpus callosum knee indicating axonal lesion during the early stage of schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Corpo Caloso/patologia , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Percepção Auditiva , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica , Destreza Motora , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Estimulação Acústica , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Polegar/inervação , Polegar/fisiologiaRESUMO
Some structural and functional characteristics of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and corpus callosum genu were analyzed in comparison with electrophysiological markers of selective attention in 18 mentally healthy subjects and 22 remitted patients with juvenile schizophrenia. In both topography zones there were no statistically significant intergroup differences in N-acetylaspartate and choline compounds (by proton MR-spectroscopy), whereas fractional anisotropy (by diffusion tensor imaging) in the corpus callosum genu was lower in patients. Absence of significant correlations between the imaging characteristics and psychopathology scores and their weak correlations with P300 suggest a poor involvement of the analyzed structures in the processes which determine cognitive disorders in patients with juvenile schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Corpo Caloso/patologia , Corpo Caloso/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos , Processos Mentais , Córtex Pré-Frontal/patologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Colina/metabolismo , Corpo Caloso/metabolismo , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Humanos , Masculino , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The aim of the research - the analysis of the regularities of diabetic ketoacidosis treatment in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the explanation of the results obtained with the use of biological systems stability theory elements. MATHERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 90 children with type I diabetes mellitus in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis of different severity degree. With newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus - 56 children, with the "courced" diabetes - 34 children. In the evaluation of patients status was defined glucose, pH, and other indicators of acid-base status, using gas analyzer GEM Premier 3000 ("Instrumental laboratory", USA). RESULTS: All children received treatment under the Protocol, approved by the Moscow Health Department, withdrawn from the state of diabetic ketoacidosis without any complications. In the basis of this methodology is application of glucose solutions and "small" doses of insulin from the start of infusion therapy in spite of hyperglycemia. This therapy helps to prevent cerebral edema against the background of gradually reduce the blood glucose. pH recovery was explained by the existence of a common pathophysiology process. Given the qualitative description of this process on the basis of biological systems stability theory. Were determined 3 stationary state: pH = 7.4 and pH < 6,9; and one is unstable, called "the point of no return" - pH = 6.9. The conclusions of this theory substantiate the effectiveness of ketoacidosis treatment with offered method CONCLUSION: The offered technique for diabetic ketoacidosis treatment on the basis of the glucose solutions infusion throughout the treatment and "small" doses of insulin values pH and glucose in a safe range, even in patients with high risk of brain edema, which is confirmed by biological systems stability theory.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Cetoacidose Diabética/tratamento farmacológico , Hidratação/métodos , Glucose/uso terapêutico , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Equilíbrio Ácido-Base/efeitos dos fármacos , Equilíbrio Ácido-Base/fisiologia , Glicemia/análise , Edema Encefálico/etiologia , Edema Encefálico/prevenção & controle , Criança , Terapia Combinada , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Cetoacidose Diabética/sangue , Cetoacidose Diabética/etiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Injeções Intravenosas , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
(1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that apparently normal (from the data of magnetic resonance imaging) human brain frontoparietal cortex in the subacute stage of traumatic brain injury is characterized by decreased level of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and increase in levels of myoinositol, choline-containing compounds (Cho), and creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr). Correlations between Cr, Cho, and NAA were established. We propose a scheme of neuronal metabolic processes that joins these substances.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Adolescente , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Encéfalo , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colina/metabolismo , Creatina/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Inositol/metabolismo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , RadiografiaRESUMO
Six patients in the state of remission after the first episode ofjuvenile schizophrenia and seven sex- and age-matched mentally healthy subjects were examined by fMRI and ERP methods. The auditory oddball paradigm was applied. Differences in P300 parameters didn't reach the level of significance, however, a significantly higher hemodynamic response to target stimuli was found in patients bilaterally in the supramarginal gyrus and in the right medial frontal gyrus, which points to pathology of these brain areas in supporting of auditory selective attention.
Assuntos
Atenção , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos , Hemodinâmica , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Córtex Cerebral/química , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Creatina/metabolismo , Glutamina/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adolescente , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Colina/metabolismo , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , Fosfocreatina/metabolismoRESUMO
The structural MRI and auditory evoked potentials (odd-ball paradigm) were analyzed in juvenile patients at the remission stage after the first episode of endogenous psychosis. Eleven male patients and 11 male controls, aged 18-25, years were examined. There were no statistically significant between-group differences by averaged volume of grey matter in superior and middle frontal gyri, anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and superior temporal gyrus in both hemispheres as well by P300 amplitude and latency. It can be assumed that the certain normalization of neurobiological processes can be seen at the studied stage of the disease.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/patologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Indução de Remissão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The effect of intravenous injection of human umbilical cord blood cells on the levels of N-acetylaspartate, creatine and phosphocreatine, choline-containing compounds, glutamine and glutamate, and myoinositol in morphologically intact areas of the cortex, white matter, and hippocampus of children with consequences of traumatic brain injury was studied by single voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was shown that cell therapy increases the content of N-acetylaspartate, a marker of functional integrity of neurons, in the white matter and in the cortex at the boundary between the frontotemporal and parietal lobes and reduces neurological deficit.