Assuntos
Medicina Baseada em Evidências/tendências , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/história , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/enfermagem , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/história , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/tendências , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The safety of elders in acute care settings has been a long-standing nursing concern; it is well known that elders are at a higher risk for injury and adverse events during hospitalization. Common sensory changes, comorbidities, and frailty of elders may contribute to injury and poorer outcomes. Confusion, delirium, falls, or adverse drug events experienced by hospitalized elderly also may contribute to injury and adverse hospital outcomes. Nurses may use strategies to protect hospitalized elderly from injury and optimize their outcomes by establishing a culture of safety. Approaches to foster safe hospital stays for elderly patients are outlined, and recommendations for institutional management and administration, policy and nursing practice, education, and research are identified.
Assuntos
Enfermagem Geriátrica , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Idoso , Pesquisa em Enfermagem Clínica , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Internet , Medição de Risco , Segurança , Análise de SistemasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery is a common interventional procedure for ischemic and valvular heart disease. Cardiac surgery is accompanied by postoperative pain and anxiety. The use of music therapy has been shown to reduce pain, anxiety, and physiological parameters in patients having surgical procedures. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of music therapy versus a quiet, uninterrupted rest period on pain intensity, anxiety, physiological parameters, and opioid consumption after cardiac surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An experimental design was used. A total sample of 86 patients (69.8% males) were randomized to 1 of 2 groups; 50 patients received 20 minutes of music (intervention), whereas 36 patients had 20 minutes of rest in bed (control). Anxiety, pain, physiologic parameters, and opioid consumption were measured before and after the 20-minute period. RESULTS: A significant reduction in anxiety (P < or = .001) and pain (P = .009) was demonstrated in the group that received music compared with the control group, but no difference was observed in systolic blood pressure (P = .17), diastolic blood pressure (P = .11), or heart rate (P = .76). There was no reduction in opioid usage in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients recovering from cardiac surgery may benefit from music therapy.