Increased risk of preneoplastic colonic lesions and colorectal carcinoma in acromegaly: multicenter case-control study.

PURPOSE: Current international guidelines recommend colonoscopy in patients with acromegaly at the time of diagnosis, even though the risk of developing colorectal neoplasm is still controversial. The main objective of this Argentine multicenter study was to analyze through screening colonoscopy the presence of advanced neoplastic lesions considered as precancerous, in patients with acromegaly compared to a control group. METHODS: This is a case-control retrospective study. Full length colonoscopy of 70 acromegalic patients and 128 control subjects were studied. Polyps were classified into non pre-cancerous lesions and advance neoplastic lesions which included advanced adenomas (preneoplastic) and colorectal carcinomas. RESULTS: Thirty three out of 70 acromegalic patients and 32 out of 128 subjects controls presented polyps in the colonoscopy [47.1% vs 25%, p = 0.002, OR 2.68]. Non precancerous polyps were found in 11 (15.7%) and 23 (17.9%) (p = 0.690), while advanced neoplastic lesions were found in 22 (31.4%) and 9 (7.0%) (p = 0,0001 - OR: 6.06) patients and controls respectively. Advanced adenomas and colorectal carcinomas were found in 18 (27.3%) and 9 (7.0%) (p = 0,0006-OR: 4,57), and 4 (5.7%) and 0 (0.0%) p = 0.0063) of patients and controls respectively. The presence of insulin resistance was the only statistically significant associated factor among acromegalic patients with and without colonic polyps. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show an increased risk of preneoplastic colonic lesions and colorectal carcinoma in patients with chronic and sustained GH excess compared to a control group. This supports the recommendation to perform screening colonoscopy at diagnosis of acromegaly.

Pegvisomant in acromegaly: a multicenter real-life study in Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the long term safety and efficacy of pegvisomant (PEGV), and the predictors of treatment response in patients with acromegaly in the real life setting. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, hormonal and radiological data of acromegalic patients treated with PEGV in 17 Argentine centers. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (age range 22-77, 51 females) with acromegaly have been treated with PEGV for up to 118 months (median 27 months). Before PEGV, 97.3% of patients had been treated with medical therapy, surgery and/or radiotherapy, two patients had no previous treatment. At that time, all patients had an IGF-1 above the upper normal limit (ULN) (mean 2.4 x ULN ± 0.98, range 1.25-7). At diagnosis of acromegaly 84% presented macroadenomas, prior to PEGV only 23,5% of patients remained with tumor remnant > 1 cm, the remaining showed normal or less than 1 cm images. Disease control (IGF-1 ≤ 1.2 x ULN) was achieved in 62.9% of patients with a mean dose of 11.8 mg/day. Thirty-four patients (45%) received PEGV monotherapy, while 41 (55%) received combined therapy with either somatostatin analogues and/or cabergoline. Adverse events related to PEGV were: local injection site reaction in 5.3%, elevated liver enzymes in 9.3%, and tumor size growth in 9.8%. Pre-PEGV IGF-I level was the only predictor of treatment response: 2.1 x ULN vs 2.8 x ULN in controlled and uncontrolled patients respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: this long term experience indicates PEGV treatment was highly effective and safe in our series of Argentine patients with acromegaly refractory to standard therapies. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(4):320-7.

Pegvisomant in acromegaly: a multicenter real-life study in Argentina

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the long term safety and efficacy of pegvisomant (PEGV), and the predictors of treatment response in patients with acromegaly in the real life setting. Subjects and methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, hormonal and radiological data of acromegalic patients treated with PEGV in 17 Argentine centers. Results Seventy-five patients (age range 22-77, 51 females) with acromegaly have been treated with PEGV for up to 118 months (median 27 months). Before PEGV, 97.3% of patients had been treated with medical therapy, surgery and/or radiotherapy, two patients had no previous treatment. At that time, all patients had an IGF-1 above the upper normal limit (ULN) (mean 2.4 x ULN ± 0.98, range 1.25-7). At diagnosis of acromegaly 84% presented macroadenomas, prior to PEGV only 23,5% of patients remained with tumor remnant > 1 cm, the remaining showed normal or less than 1 cm images. Disease control (IGF-1 ≤ 1.2 x ULN) was achieved in 62.9% of patients with a mean dose of 11.8 mg/day. Thirty-four patients (45%) received PEGV monotherapy, while 41 (55%) received combined therapy with either somatostatin analogues and/or cabergoline. Adverse events related to PEGV were: local injection site reaction in 5.3%, elevated liver enzymes in 9.3%, and tumor size growth in 9.8%. Pre-PEGV IGF-I level was the only predictor of treatment response: 2.1 x ULN vs 2.8 x ULN in controlled and uncontrolled patients respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion this long term experience indicates PEGV treatment was highly effective and safe in our series of Argentine patients with acromegaly refractory to standard therapies. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(4):320-7

Riesgo aumentado de lesiones colónicas preneoplásicas en acromegalia: estudio multicéntrico caso control. Resultados preliminares / Increased risk of pre-cancerous bowel lesions in acromegaly: Multicentre case-control study. Preliminary results

Introducción: El riesgo de desarrollar neoplasias colónicas en pacientes acromegálicos y su relación directa con los niveles elevados de GH/IGF-1 no están bien establecidos y continúan siendo motivo de controversia en la literatura mundial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el riesgo de desarrollar lesiones neoplásicas avanzadas (LNA) (adenomas mayores a 1 cm, componente velloso mayor del 75% y/o displasia de alto grado), en pacientes con acromegalia, comparado con un grupo control. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico caso-control retrospectivo. Ciento treinta y siete pacientes con acromegalia que realizaron videocolonoscopia (VCC) fueron incluidos inicialmente, aunque solo 69 cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Sesenta y dos controles fueron obtenidos: por cada caso (paciente con acromegalia) 2 «controles¼ fueron seleccionados aleatorizadamente e igualados por edad y sexo. El riesgo se expresó en odds ratio (OR) y su correspondiente intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. La significación estadística fue considerada una p < 0,05. Resultados: De los 69 pacientes con VCC completa y datos adecuados para su análisis, 28 presentaron VCC positiva con hallazgos de pólipos (40%) y 41 VCC negativa o normal (60%). Dentro del grupo con VCC positiva, 14 presentaron LNA (20%) y solo un paciente presentó diagnóstico de cáncer colorrectal. Para el análisis caso-control se incluyó a 31 pacientes frente al grupo control (n = 62) que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La presencia de pólipos colónicos, adenomas y LNA en los pacientes con acromegalia fue de 19/31 (61,9%), 14/31 (45,16%) y 10/31 (32,25%), y en el grupo control de 18/62 (29,03%), 11/62 (17,74%) y 4/62 (6,45%), respectivamente. El riesgo de adenomas y LNA fue mayor en el grupo de acromegalia en comparación con el grupo control, siendo ambos resultados estadísticamente significativos: adenomas OR 2,54 (IC 1,22-5,25) p = 0,005, LNA OR: 7,3 (2,4-25), p = 0,00. Conclusión: La acromegalia se asocia a un mayor riesgo de lesiones colónicas preneoplásicas. Este hallazgo justifica el cribado con VCC al diagnóstico en pacientes con acromegalia.

Background: The risk of developing cancerous lesions in the colon of acromegaly patients and their direct relationship with elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels is not well established, and is still controversial in the international literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of developing advanced neoplastic lesions (ALN: greater than 1 cm adenomas, villous component greater than 75% and/or high grade dysplasia) in patients with acromegaly compared to a control group. Materials and methods: A multicentre, retrospective case-control study was conducted initially on 137 patients with acromegaly (cases) who underwent videocolonoscopy (VCC), although only 69 met inclusion criteria. Sixty-two controls were obtained, and for each case two "controls" were randomly selected and matched by age and gender. Risk was expressed as odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% con"dence interval (CI). P values < .05 were considered statistical significantly. Results: Of the 69 acromegaly patients with a completed VCC and adequate data for their analysis, 28 had a positive VCC with findings of polyps (40%), and 41 VCC negative with no lesions (60%). Within the group with positive VCC, 14 were ALN (20%) and one a colorectal cancer. In the case-control analysis, 31 cases were to be analysed against the control group (n = 62). The presence of colonic polyps, adenomas, and ALN in patients with acromegaly was 19/31 (61.9%), 14/31 (45.16%), and 10/31 (32.25%), respectively, and in the control group, it was 18/62 (29.03%), 11/62 (17.74%), and 4/62 (6.45%), respectively. The risk of adenomas and ALN was higher in the acromegaly group compared to the control group: adenomas OR: 2.54 (95% CI 1.22-5.25) P=.005, ALN OR: 7.3 (2.4-25) P=.00. Conclusion: This preliminary case control study showed an increased risk of pre-cancerous colprectal lesions in patients with acromegaly, supporting the VCC screening at diagnosis.

Prolactinomas: evolution after menopause.

OBJETIVE: The aim was to assess the evolution of tumor size and prolactin (PRL) levels in patients with micro and macroprolactinomas diagnosed and treated with dopamine agonists during fertile age, and the effects of suspension of drugs after menopause. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study, 29 patients with prolactinomas, 22 microadenomas and 7 macroadenomas, diagnosed during their fertile age were studied in their menopause; treatment was stopped in this period. Age at menopause was 49 ± 3.6 years. The average time of treatment was 135 ± 79 months. The time of follow-up after treatment suspension was 4 to 192 months. Results: Pre-treatment PRL levels in micro and macroadenomas were 119 ± 57 ng/mL and 258 ± 225 ng/mL, respectively. During menopause after treatment suspension, and at the latest follow-up: in microadenomas PRL levels were 23 ± 13 ng/mL and 16 ± 5.7 ng/mL, respectively; in macroadenomas, PRL levels were 20 ± 6.6 ng/mL 5t5and 25 ± 18 ng/mL, respectively. In menopause after treatment suspension, the microadenomas had disappeared in 9/22 and had decreased in 13/22. In the group of patients whose tumor had decreased, in the latest follow-up, tumors disappeared in 7/13 and remained unchanged in 6/13. In macroadenomas, after treatment suspension 3/7 had disappeared, 3/7 decreased and 1/7 remained unchanged. In the latest control in the 3 patients whose tumor decreased, disappeared in 1/3, decreased in 1/3 and there was no change in the remaining. CONCLUSIONS: Normal PRL levels and sustained reduction or disappearance of adenomas were achieved in most of patients, probably due to the decrease of estrogen levels. Dopamine agonists might be stopped after menopause in patients with prolactinomas.

Prolactinomas: evolution after menopause

ABSTRACT Objetive The aim was to assess the evolution of tumor size and prolactin (PRL) levels in patients with micro and macroprolactinomas diagnosed and treated with dopamine agonists during fertile age, and the effects of suspension of drugs after menopause. Retrospective study, 29 patients with prolactinomas, 22 microadenomas and 7 macroadenomas, diagnosed during their fertile age were studied in their menopause; treatment was stopped in this period. Age at menopause was 49 ± 3.6 years. The average time of treatment was 135 ± 79 months. The time of follow-up after treatment suspension was 4 to 192 months. Results Pre-treatment PRL levels in micro and macroadenomas were 119 ± 57 ng/mL and 258 ± 225 ng/mL, respectively. During menopause after treatment suspension, and at the latest follow-up: in microadenomas PRL levels were 23 ± 13 ng/mL and 16 ± 5.7 ng/mL, respectively; in macroadenomas, PRL levels were 20 ± 6.6 ng/mL 5t5and 25 ± 18 ng/mL, respectively. In menopause after treatment suspension, the microadenomas had disappeared in 9/22 and had decreased in 13/22. In the group of patients whose tumor had decreased, in the latest follow-up, tumors disappeared in 7/13 and remained unchanged in 6/13. In macroadenomas, after treatment suspension 3/7 had disappeared, 3/7 decreased and 1/7 remained unchanged. In the latest control in the 3 patients whose tumor decreased, disappeared in 1/3, decreased in 1/3 and there was no change in the remaining. Conclusions Normal PRL levels and sustained reduction or disappearance of adenomas were achieved in most of patients, probably due to the decrease of estrogen levels. Dopamine agonists might be stopped after menopause in patients with prolactinomas.

Comparison of two immunoassays in the determination of IGF-I levels and its correlation with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and with clinical symptoms in acromegalic patients.

The aim of our study was to evaluate two different methodologies in IGF-I levels determination, its correlation with GH nadir in OGTT <1 and <0.4 ng/ml and with clinical symptoms in acromegalic patients. We analyzed 37 patients. Sixteen patients had not undergone any kind of treatment (Group 1). Twenty-one patients underwent surgery as primary treatment, and after that, some of them another kind of treatment (except pegvisomant) (Group 2). Serum IGF-I levels were measured by Immulite-1000 (IMM) and by an immunoradiometric assay (DSL) and, GH by immunochemiluminometric assay. IGF-I levels by IMM and by DSL showed a significant difference. When we analyzed in both groups the concordance by crosstabs-Kappa coefficients, between different parameters, GH nadir <1 and <0.4 ng/ml with IGF-I by DSL and IMM showed concordance in group 1, but in group 2 only GH nadir <1 and <0.4 ng/ml had a weak concordance with IGF-I by IMM. When we analyzed clinical symptoms in the patients and, GH nadir <1 and <0.4 ng/ml and IGF-I levels by both methodologies, more than 90% of clinically active patients had abnormal GH response or/and elevated IGF-I levels in group 1, but less than 70% in group 2. In the 8 patients under medical treatment, GH nadir was higher than 0.4 ng/ml in all patients, and IGF-I levels were elevated in 8/8 by DSL and in 6/8 by IMM. In conclusion, discrepant GH and IGF-I levels in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with acromegaly requires consideration of many factors that influence these parameters.

Effects of cabergoline on pregnancy and embryo-fetal development: retrospective study on 103 pregnancies and a review of the literature.

The aim of the study is to assess the rate of any potential adverse effects on women who became pregnant under cabergoline (CAB) treatment and to evaluate any effects on the embryo-fetal development and on children who were born from mothers exposed to CAB in early weeks of gestation. Observational, retrospective and multicenter study on 103 pregnancies in 90 women with hyperprolactinemia. All patients were under CAB at conception. Serum prolactin at baseline was between 30 and 1921 ng/ml. Duration of therapy before pregnancy ranged from 1 to 120 months and doses ranged from 0.125 to 5 mg/week. Fetal exposure ranged from 3 to 25 weeks, 96.9% of patients received CAB during the first trimester of pregnancy and the rest until the second one. No significant complications during pregnancy were found. Seven women (7.2%) had spontaneous abortions. Preterm deliveries were recorded in eight (8.8%), only one with low weight for gestational age. Neonatal abnormalities were observed in 3 (3.6%): 1 major (Down syndrome) and 2 minor malformations (umbilical and inguinal hernia). We were able to asses the children's development in 61. Two had epilepsy and two had Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD). No significantly higher frequency of complications was found in pregnancies and/or offspring exposed to CAB than in the normal population. We registered 2 abnormalities in the development of the children: epilepsy and PDD. Larger series of patients are needed to assess the safety of this drug during pregnancy.

Toloxatona y depresión / Toloxatone and depression

Los autores informan la experiencia recogida con la utilización, en 101 pacientes deprimidos, de un antidepressivo de segunda generación, la toloxatona: molécula original dotada de una actividad inhibidora específica y reversible de la MAO A. Al momento de la admisión, los 101 pacientes con enfermedad depresiva presentaban un score mínimo de 20 puntos en al Escala de Hamilton y un puntaje no inferior a 4 en el Test del índice de endogeneidad de Fischer, Fernández Labriola y Rodríguez Casanova. En 57 de ellos se dispuso de perfiles biológicos: Fenil-etilamina, NA y MHPG. Asimismo, en el momento de la admisión ningún paciente estaba ingiriendo antidepresivos. El estudio fue un doble ciego vs. placebo; la edad promedio de los pacientes era de 46 años. El experimento duró 6 semanas. La dosis diaria total se estandardizó en 400mg de toloxatona. Hubo modificaciones significativas en 51 pacietnes. De los 50 casos que recibieron principio activo, 37 obtuvieron un resultado "escelente" o "bueno". Los marcadores biológicos señalaron el perfil de pacientes que mejor responden a la molécula: los de actividad noradrenérgica disminuida. Las depresiones sin ansiedad y las depresiones inhibidas son las patologías de elección para la utilización