RESUMO
In most European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries, between 2010 and 2012, reports of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses among people who inject drugs have been stable or declining. HIV outbreaks in Greece and Romania, first reported in 2011, continue and economic conditions hinder provision of effective response coverage. When measured against some established thresholds, prevention coverage remains inadequate in at least one-third of EU/EEA countries. Urgent consideration to scale up prevention efforts is merited.
Assuntos
Usuários de Drogas/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , União Europeia/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Soroprevalência de HIV/tendências , Humanos , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Greece and Romania reported an increased number of HIV cases among injecting drug users (IDUs) during 2011. Most European countries reported no changes in the rate of newly diagnosed cases of HIV or HIV prevalence in IDUs; however, six countries did report increases and several additional countries reported increases in injecting risk indicators or low coverage of prevention services. These indicate a potential risk for increased HIV transmission and future outbreaks unless adequate prevention is implemented.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , HIV/patogenicidade , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa , Feminino , Grécia/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Hepacivirus/patogenicidade , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/transmissão , Hepatite C/virologia , Humanos , Cobertura do Seguro , Masculino , Uso Comum de Agulhas e Seringas , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Romênia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We describe an outbreak of hepatitis A which evolved in Northern Ireland between October 2008 and July 2009, against a background of large concurrent hepatitis A outbreaks in various parts of Europe. Thirty-eight cases were defined as outbreak cases using a stratified case definition; 36 were males with a median age of 29 years and of the 28 males whose sexual orientation was known, 26 were men who have sex with men(MSM). Detailed descriptive epidemiology data collected through standardised questionnaires, together with sequencing of a 289 bp fragment of the VP1/2PA region of the virus, significantly aided the understanding of the spread of the outbreak when non-MSM cases occurred. The sequence of the outbreak strain, genotype IA, was indistinguishable from that involved in a large outbreak in the Czech Republic. Although seeded in a generally susceptible Northern Ireland population, the outbreak remained mostly contained in MSM, showing this sub-population to be the most vulnerable despite ongoing hepatitis A vaccination programmes in genito-urinary medicine clinics.