Predictors of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease based on random forest and decision tree.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sleep disorders related to Parkinson's disease (PD) have recently attracted increasing attention, but there are few clinical reports on the correlation of Parkinson's disease patients with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Therefore, this study conducted a cognitive function examination for Parkinson's disease patients and discussed the application effect of three algorithms in the screening of influencing factors and risk prediction effects. METHODS: Three algorithms (logistic regression, machine learning-based regression trees and random forest) were used to establish a prediction model for PD-RBD patients, and the application effects of the three algorithms in the screening of influencing factors and the risk prediction of PD-RBD were discussed. RESULTS: The subjects included 169 patients with Parkinson's disease (Parkinson's disease with RBD [PD-RBD] = 69 subjects; Parkinson's disease without RBD [PD-nRBD] = 100 subjects). This study compared the predictive performance of RF, decision tree and logistic regression, selected a final model with the best model performance and proposed the importance of variables in the final model. After the analysis, the accuracy of RF (83.05%) was better than that of the other models (decision tree = 75.10%, logistic regression = 71.62%). PQSI, Scopa-AUT score, MoCA score, MMSE score, AGE, LEDD, PD-course, UPDRS total score, ESS score, NMSQ, disease type, RLSRS, HAMD, UPDRS III and PDOnsetage are the main variables for predicting RBD, along with increased weight. Among them, PQSI is the most important factor. The prediction model of Parkinson's disease RBD that was established in this study will help in screening out predictive factors and in providing a reference for the prognosis and preventive treatment of PD-RBD patients. CONCLUSIONS: The random forest model had good performance in the prediction and evaluation of PD-RBD influencing factors and was superior to decision tree and traditional logistic regression models in many aspects, which can provide a reference for the prognosis and preventive treatment of PD-RBD patients.

Mediating effects of self-esteem on the relationship between mindful parenting and social anxiety level in Chinese adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindful parenting and social anxiety level in Chinese adolescents and to explore the mediating roles of self-esteem between mindful parenting and social anxiety level. A total of 302 adolescents and their main caregivers were investigated by using the Chinese version of the Mindful Parenting Scale, Self-Esteem Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Social Anxiety Scale. Related analysis was used to investigate the relationship between mindful parenting, self-esteem and social anxiety level. Mindful parenting and self-esteem were significantly associated with social anxiety level. Self-esteem mediated the relationship between mindful parenting and social anxiety level. Both mindful discipline and being in the moment influenced adolescents' social anxiety level through self-esteem. Self-esteem completely mediated the association between mindful parenting and social anxiety level. Longitudinal research is needed to better understand the relationship between mindful parenting and social anxiety level in adolescents.

[Strategy of transmission interruption of schistosomiasis and its effects in Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the strategy of transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. METHODS: The comprehensive prevention and control strategy was carried out in RunzhouDistrict, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. The strategy was relied mainly on the Oncomelania hupensis snail control, extended chemotherapy of schistosomiasis in residents and the health education. The infection rate of schistosomiasis in residents, area with snails, area with snails controlled, and the rates of awareness and correct behavior of schistosomiasis were as evaluation indexes. RESULTS: The area with snails controlled was 7 091.50 hm2 in Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City from 2001 to 2016. The area with snails reduced year by year from 2001 to 2016. There was a negative correlation between the coverage intensity of snail control and the area with snails (r = -0.874, P = 0). There were 1 703 serum positive and 199 fecal positive people of schistosomiasis in the permanent residents from 2001 to 2016. These serum and fecal positive people of schistosomiasis were all treated with praziquantel. The serum positive rate of schistosomiasis in the permanent residents dropped to below 1.0% after 2005. The fecal positive patients were not found in 2004 and later. Totally 189 639 people received the questionnaire survey for the knowledge of schistosomiasis control from 2001 to 2016. The rates of awareness and correct behavior of schistosomiasis were raised in the residents year by year. The goal of the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis came to true in Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City in 2016. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive prevention and control strategy including mainly the snail control, extended chemotherapy of schistosomiasis and health education could achieve the goal of transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in the areas of marshland along the Yangtze River.

[Epidemic status of malaria in Zhenjiang City from 2004 to 2017].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Zhenjiang City from 2004 to 2017, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the reasonable strategies and measures for malaria prevention and control. METHODS: The epidemiological data of malaria in Zhenjiang City from 2004 to 2017 were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, species of Plasmodium, blood test status for febrile patients. RESULTS: A total of 182 malaria cases were reported in Zhenjiang City between 2004 and 2017, 123 cases (67.58%) were infected with P. vivax, and 55 cases (30.22%) were infected with P. falciparum. Among all the reported cases, 41 (22.53%) were local cases, 66 (36.26%) were imported cases from other provinces in China, 75 (41.21%) were imported cases from abroad. Most of the cases were male (133 cases), and 59.89% of them concentrated in the age groups of 20-50 years. These cases were mainly farmers (24.73%, 45/182) and workers (24.18%, 44/182), and most of the cases occurred from July to September. From 2004 to 2017, the blood tests were conducted for 258 879 febrile patients, with a positive detection rate of 0.007% in the local population and 0.724% in floating population, and there was a statistically significant difference between them (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Since 2011, no indigenous cases have been reported in Zhenjiang City, and therefore, the control of imported malaria from abroad has become the key of malaria prevention and control in this city.

[Effect of health education of schistosomiasis control with Yi-Han bilingualism].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intervention effect of Yi-Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control. METHODS: Baimiao Village in Daqing Town, Xichang City, where Yi Nationality inhabited, was chosen as a pilot to carry out Yi-Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control from 2012 to 2015. The villagers and students in the pilot area were investigated by questionnaires before and after the intervention to understand their awareness and correct behavior status on schistosomiasis control. RESULTS: After the intervention of Yi-Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control for 3 years, the awareness rate and the correct rate of behavior on schistosomiasis control of the villagers in the pilot area improved from 45.79% and 51.12% in 2012 to 97.80% and 98.78% in 2015. As for the students, the two rates mentioned above improved from 64.16% and 60.83% in 2012 to 100% and 98.89% in 2015 respectively, and all the differences between the rates before and after the intervention were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention of Yi-Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control can obviously improve the knowledge awareness rates and the correct rates of behavior of the residents and students in the gathering area of Yi Nationality.