Evaluation of Mir-1290 as a Possible Diagnostic Factor in the Serum of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients with Qualitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Background & Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of microRNA (miRNA; miR-1290) in the serum of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients compared to a control group using the qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Methods: Blood serum samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with OSCC and confirmed through biopsy. The samples were collected from patients referred to the Mashhad Dental Faculty and Ghaem Hospital. The OSCC group consisted of 17 patients, while the healthy group included 15 individuals. RNA was extracted from the patient samples, and samples with an A260/280 ratio between 1.8 and 2.0 (indicating acceptable RNA quality) were immediately converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using albumin and cDNA reference genes. The SYBR green real-time reverse transcriptase PCR method was used to measure the presence of miR-1290 in the blood samples. Results: A total of 32 patients were examined in this study, including 17 women (53.1%) and 15 men (46.9%). The mean age was 46.7 years in the healthy group and 54.6 years in the SCC group, indicating a significant difference (P<0.05). The expression level of the miR-1290 gene was higher in patients with SCC compared to the healthy group (P=0.000). While the expression level of miR-1290 was higher in grade 3 and advanced stage than in grades 2 and 1 and early stage, the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.173 and P=0.564 for grade and stage, respectively). Conclusion: The expression level of miR-1290 may increase in SCC patients compared to healthy individuals, making it a potential circulating biomarker. Further investigations for diagnostic utility would be warranted.

RT-qPCR Analysis of LAMP3 (CD208) Gene Expression in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Many new studies have been conducted on cellular proteins to use them as prognostic markers or in target therapy through determining the increase or decrease in their expression in the lichen planus and OSCC. LAMP3 protein is one of these proteins which has been recently considered. Thus, considering the unknown etiology of lichen planus, significance of their early diagnosis and treatment and lack of a suitable and final treatment for this disease and oral cancers, and preventing the progression of lichen planus, which can turn into OSCC, we decided to investigate the level of expression of this gene and its effect on the progression, study the connection between these two conditions and the probable factors contributing to their etiopathogenesis. Methods: In this study, ninety-four paraffin blocks tissue samples of patients were obtained together with their demographic documents. LAMP3 expression was measured RT-qPCR method. Results: The results show that there is not any significant difference between age and sex population of our study. in squamous cell carcinoma the amount of expression of LAMP3 was higher than lichen planus and healthy margin. Average LAMP3 Gene expression in grade III was higher than group grade I & II in which considering significant level of 5%, it is statistically significant. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the expression of the LAMP3 gene in SCC lesions is higher than in healthy tissue. Hence, LAMP3 gene expression can be used as a diagnostic biomarker.

Sarcoidosis and its oral manifestations: A case report study.

A patient was referred to the oral medicine department with redness and swelling of the lips and cheek, and an intra-oral lesion. Biopsy and laboratory investigations suggested a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. In this study we discuss oral findings associated with sarcoidosis.

Evaluation of CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte association with some clinicopathological indices of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The delayed diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects therapeutic and prognostic strategies, and provides regional recurrence or distant metastasis. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known as a critical diagnostic biomarker in antitumor immune response. We evaluated the association between CD4+ T-lymphocyte marker, some clinicopathological indices, and the impact of TILs on the stage and grade of OSCC. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 37 OSCC specimens including 16 early and 21 advanced stages (categorized base-on recent clinical oncology references) and their related healthy surgical margin (as internal control group) were collected. Obtained histochemical data were analyzed by SPSS V.23 software. The expression of CD4+ marker in tumor microenvironment (TME) was compared by nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis as well as Fisher's exact tests. P < 0.05 was remarked statistically significant. Results: The low-grade patients represented more CD4+ TIL that was statistically significant (P = 0.011). However, there was no statistically significant difference in CD4+ TIL between various stages (P = 0.404), tumor size, and lymph node involvement (P > 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant relation between TIL infiltration, age, and tumor localization (P > 0.05), however CD4+ expression in women was more than men (P = 0.008). The CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltration in TME was more significant than healthy surgical margin (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between healthy surgical margin and different grades and stages of OSCCs that lower grades demonstrated more CD4+ TIL infiltration (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The CD4+ T-lymphocytes may play important role in differentiation and maturity of epithelial cell, tumorigenesis, and progression of OSCC.

Tumor tissue Helicobacter pylori and human papillomavirus infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients and association with clinicopathological indices: A cross-sectional medical survey.

Background: The associations between Helicobacter pylori and human papillomavirus (HPV) with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are approved before. However, the association between demographic, clinicopathological, and histologic characteristics of HNSCC patients and molecular detection of HPV and H. pylori has not been enough investigated. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 62 patients with HNSCC from January 2016 to February 2020 were entered the study. For H. pylori detection 16S ribosomal RNA and glmM genes and HPV detection, MY09 and MY11 genes were used. P < 0.05 is considered as significant level. Results: There were 34 patients with advanced-stage cancer (54.8%). Grade I patients (61.3%) had the highest frequency. There were 20 (32.25%) and 7 (11.29%) patients with positive H. pylori infection among tumor tissue and healthy tissue margins, respectively. Positive HPV infections were in 8 (12.90%) and 3 (4.83%) patients, respectively, in tumor tissue and healthy tissue margins (P = 0.01). There was a significant difference between histological grade and infection to HPV among HNSCC patients (P = 0.01), and most of the positive HPV cases had well-, moderate-, and poorly-differentiated tumors, respectively. Our study showed a significant increase in HPV infection in the advanced-stage group compared to the early-stage group (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Our study findings concluded a significant relationship between HPV infection in HNSCC patients with age, stage, and grade. In summary, our findings based on polymerase chain reaction analysis concluded remarkably a potential role of HPV infection and to some extent H. pylori infection into the contribution of HNSCC malignancies.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Invasive Front of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Clinicopathological Parameters.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the relationship between invasive front (IF) of tumors and clinicopathological parameters including stage, grade, nodal involvement, lymphocytic host response (LHR), recurrence, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS: A total of 87 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) biopsies were evaluated. Clinical stage, grading, nodal involvement, time of recurrence, OS, and DFS were assessed. The number of tumor budding cells in the IF was measured by two pathologists with an optic microscope. IF was graded to low risk (<5) and high risk (>5), according to the counting of tumor budding as a single cancer cell or cluster cells. Also, LHR was reported in the IF as mild, moderate, and severe. RESULTS: IF was reported in 43.7% of patients as a low-risk group and 49.4% as a high-risk group. LHR was also mild in 31%, moderate in 25.3%, and severe in 43.7% of the patients. Most of the patients were in stage IV (31%) and grade 1 (60.9%). The high risk IF group had a significant statistical relationship with stage (P=0.001), grade (P=0.039), five years OS (P=0.03), five years DSF (P=0.01), and lymph node involvement (P=0.007). The relation between LHR and stage of disease was significant (P=0.034). CONCLUSION: Considering the essential role of histopathological reports in the treatment plan of patients and the relationship between IF and clinical parameters, IF evaluation in routine histopathological examinations, especially in the early stages of OSCC, seems to be necessary.

Cytokeratins (CK7 and CK20) Genes Expression Association with Clinicopathological Indices in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Dysplastic Oral Epithelium.

BACKGROUND: High prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) demands the additional novel biological markers. Due to the established roles of cytokeratin in the prognosis of metastasis evaluation the relation of expression of both CK7 and CK20 in OSCC compared to the dysplastic oral epithelium biopsies with clinicopathological factors were investigated. METHODS: We examined the coordinate mRNA expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 110 biopsies of oral squamous epithelium samples including 72 tumoral and 38 dysplastic biopsies. We also collected demographic and pathological data including tumor stage and grade from our patients. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in CK7 and CK20 gene expression between OSCC and dysplastic samples (p< 0.001). Further, their mean expression in OSCC samples was significantly higher compared to dysplastic samples. Relative mRNA levels of CK7 and CK20 showed that their mean expression in OSCC grade I was significantly lower than other grades (p< 0.01). The relationship between CK7 and CK20 mRNA expression and age or gender was not significant (p> 0.05). Samples in the advanced stage of disease had significantly higher CK7 and CK20 expression compared to early-stage samples of OSCC specimens (p= 0.001). CONCLUSION: We found an increase in CK7 and CK20 mRNA levels in grade III OSCC samples compared to other grades. This finding suggests a potential role for CK7 and CK20 in oral mucosal carcinogenesis and OSCC prognosis.

LAMP3 (CD208) Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Epithelial Dysplasia of the Oral Cavity and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Unfavorable Prognosis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate LAMP3 (CD208) gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and dysplastic oral epithelium by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and compare LAMP3 expression in different disease grades and stages. METHODS: In this study, 60 OSCC and dysplastic oral epithelium samples were obtained from the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences together with their demographic and clinicopathological documents. LAMP3 expression was measured by qPCR. RESULTS: LAMP3 expression was significantly greater in OSCC than in dysplasia samples (P=0.001), in grade III OSCC than in grades I and II, and also greater in advanced than in early OSCC disease stage (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: The significantly greater LAMP3 expression in OSCC than in dysplastic epithelium indicates a role for LAMP3 in carcinogenesis in oral mucosa. Our results suggest LAMP3 may be useful as an anticancer target and/or to predict disease pathogenesis in OSCC patient's cells.

Evaluation of the Altered Tissue Expression of HSP60 and HSP70 Genes in Oral and Cutaneous Lichen Planus Compared to Normal Healthy Tissues.

Background: Recent highlights have investigated the possible roles of molecular chaperons like heat shock proteins (HSPs) into Lichen Planus (LP)-onset and pathogenesis. This study for the first, determine the expression of both HSP60 and HSP70 genes in cutaneous LP (CLP) and oral LP (OLP) lesions compared to normal healthy cases and between different subtypes of OLP lesions by real-time (RT)-PCR. Materials and Methods: Paraffin blocks of LP lesions including 56 OLP and 56 CLP samples were selected from theMashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Also 56 biopsy samples of healthy normal participants were selected. The demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from their medical records. The expression of HSP60 and HPS70 genes were evaluated using the real-time RT-PCR method. Results: The comparison of the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 genes among the patients with CLP and OLP showed a significant overexpression of HSP60 and HSP70 genes in both groups compared to the normal participants (P = 0.001). The expression of HSP60 and HSP70 genes was high in both the groups of CLP and OLP patients, but the amount was not significantly different between the two groups. Comparing the two mucosal subgroups of OLP lesions (non-erosive and erosive) showed that the expression of the HSP60 and HSP70 in erosive subtypes of OLP was significantly higher than the non-erosive subtypes of OLP (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the overexpression of HSP60 and HSP70 in the LP lesions compared to healthy biopsies, we conclude that HSP60 and HSP70 could have key roles in the etiopathogenesis of the OLP and CLP lesions. The overexpression of both HSP60 and HSP70 in the erosive OLP group compared to the non-erosive OLP group emphasized the possible roles of HSPs in the pathogenesis and premalignant changes of OLP lesions.