[Experience with sevofluorane and halothane used during general anesthesia in children].

The investigators made a prospective analysis of the specific features of anesthesias with sevoflurane and halothane in 70 children aged 1 to 11 years with systemic surgical diseases and assessed their physical status as ASA Class I. The anesthetics sevoflurane, 3.1 +/- 0.7 MAC, and halothane, 2.4 +/- 0.3 MAC, were used to induce anesthesia. Sevoflurane, 1.6 +/- 0.6 MAC, and halothane, 1.5 +/- 0.4 MAC, were employed to maintain anesthesia. In children, sevoflurane anesthesia induction and emergence occurred by 49% more rapidly (p < 0.001) than halothane use (the time of induction 2.9 +/- 0.7 min for sevoflurane versus 5.7 +/- 0.5 min for halothane; that of consciousness recovery 3.6 +/- 0.7 min versus 7.0 +/- 1.2 min). After halothane anesthesia anesthesia, there was a significant reduction in mean blood pressure (BP) by 24.5% as compared with the baseline values (p < 0.001). Sevoflurane use demonstrated a significantly less reduction in systolic BP--by 10.2% of the baseline value (p < 0.001). In both groups after induction, there was a decrease in tidal volume, but minute volume was insignificantly lower due to higher respiration rate. The level of blood oxygenation was stable (SpO2 97-99%) in both groups during all observational stages. No severe complications were recorded in both groups during anesthesia. However, mild or moderate complications were twice fewer in the sevoflurane group.

[Experience in intensive therapy of diffuse peritonitis in children]. / Opyt intensivnoi terapii razlitogo peritonita u detei.

The authors analyze their experience gained in the treatment of diffuse peritonitis in 51 children. The principal components of intensive therapy were effective antibacterial therapy, infusion therapy and parental feeding, prolonged peridural blocking and drug-induced sympathetic blocking, autotransfusions of UV-irradiated blood, and hemoperfusion. The activity of the gastrointestinal tract recovered in all the 51 patients, their clinical and laboratory parameters normalized, and the children were discharged in good condition.