Predictive performance of the variation rate of the driving pressure on the outcome of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

PURPOSE: To assess the value of the driving pressure variation rate (ΔP%) in predicting the outcome of weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. METHODS: In this case-control study, a total of 35 patients with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome were admitted to the intensive care unit between January 2022 and December 2022 and received invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h were enrolled. Patients were divided into successful weaning group and failed weaning group depending on whether they could be removed from ventilator support within 14 days. Outcome measures including driving pressure, PaO2:FiO2, and positive end-expiratory pressure, etc. were assessed every 24 h from day 0 to day 14 until successful weaning was achieved. The measurement data of non-normal distribution were presented as median (Q1, Q3), and the differences between groups were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test. And categorical data use the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to compare. The predictive value of ΔP% in predicting the outcome of weaning from the ventilator was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Of the total 35 patients included in the study, 17 were successful vs. 18 failed in weaning from a ventilator after 14 days of mechanical ventilation. The cut-off values of the median ΔP% measured by Operator 1 vs. Operator 2 in the first 4 days were ≥ 4.17% and 4.55%, respectively (p < 0.001), with the area under curve of 0.804 (sensitivity of 88.2%, specificity of 64.7%) and 0.770 (sensitivity of 88.2%, specificity of 64.7%), respectively. There was a significant difference in mechanical ventilation duration between the successful weaning group and the failure weaning group (8 (6, 13) vs. 12 (7.5, 17.3), p = 0.043). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the successful weaning group was significantly lower than in the failed weaning group (0.2‰ vs. 2.3‰, p = 0.001). There was a significant difference noted between these 2 groups in the 28-day mortality (11.8% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The median ΔP% in the first 4 days of mechanical ventilation showed good predictive performance in predicting the outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation within 14 days. Further study is needed to confirm this finding.

Remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil by chitosan stabilized FeS composite and the changes in microorganism community.

In-suit immobilization is one of the major strategies to remediate heavy metals contaminated soil with the effectiveness largely depends on the characteristics of the added chemical reagents/materials. In this study, chitosan stabilized FeS composite (CS-FeS) was prepared to evaluate the performance of remediating the high and toxic hexavalent chromium contaminated soil from the effectiveness and microbial response aspects. The characterization analysis confirmed the successful preparation of composite, and the introduction of chitosan successfully stabilized FeS to protect it from rapid oxidation as compared to bare FeS particles. With the addition dosage at 0.1%, about 85.6% and 81.3% of Cr(VI) was reduced in 3 d based on toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and CaCl2 extraction, and the reduction efficiency increased to 96.6% and 94.8% in 7 d, respectively. The Cr(VI) was non-detected in the TCLP leachates with increase the CS-FeS composites to 0.5%. The percentages of HOAc-extractable Cr decreased from 25.17% to 6.12% accompanied with the increase in the residual Cr from 4.26% to 13.77% and improvement of soil enzyme activity under CS-FeS composites addition. Cr(VI) contamination reduced the diversity of microbial community in soil. Three dominate prokaryotic microorganisms, namely Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, were observed in Cr-contaminated soil. The addition of CS-FeS composites increased the microbial diversity especially for that in relative lower abundance. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicute related to Cr-tolerance and reduction increased in CS-FeS composites added soils. Taking together, these results demonstrated the potential and promising of using the CS-FeS composites for Cr(VI) polluted soil remediation.

Response of microbial community to the remediation of neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid contaminated wetland soil by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Imidacloprid (IMI), a typic neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used and persist in soils with long half-time causing serious threat to ecosystem and human health. It is urgent to develop suitable and effective methods to accelerate it degradation and alleviate its negative impacts in soil. In this study, the introduction of functional microbe white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to remediate IMI contaminated wetland soil was carried out. The remediation performance and the response of the soil microbial community were examined. The results showed that P. chrysosporium could improve the degradation of IMI in soil no matter the soil was sterilized or not. The bioaugmentation was especially observed in non-sterilized soil under the inoculation patterns of FE and SP with the maximum IMI degradation rate of 91% and 93% in 7 days, respectively. The invertase activity in soil was also enhanced with P. chrysosporium inoculation. Microbial community analysis revealed that P. chrysosporium inoculation could increase the diversity and richness of bacterial community, and stimulate some IMI degraders genera including Ochrobactrum, Leifsonia, Achromobacter, and Bacillus. Moreover, the xenobiotic degradation and metabolism pathway was generally enhanced with P. chrysosporium inoculation based on PICRUSt analysis. These obtained results demonstrated that the introduction of white-rot fungus is of great potentially enabling the remediation of neonicotinoids contaminated soil.

The Lattice Distortion, Defect Evolution and Electrochemical Performance Improvement in Zn-VO2(B) Nanorods.

Cathode materials of energy storage batteries have attracted extensive attention because of the importance in deciding the rate performance and long cycle property of batteries. Herein, we report a simple and environmentally friendly solvothermal method to prepare Zn-doped VO2(B) cathode materials. The introduction of zinc ions can effectively regulate the lattice structure, surface morphology and internal defect state of Zn-VO2(B) nano materials. The sample with Zn content x = 1.5% has smaller cell volume and grain size, and higher concentration of vacancy defects. These microstructures ensure the structural stability during ion embedding process and, thus, this sample shows excellent electrochemical performances. The capacitance retention rate still maintains 88% after 1000 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A·g-1. The enhanced performances of Zn-doped VO2(B) samples may lay a foundation for the improvement of electrochemical performances of VO2(B) cathode materials for energy storage batteries in the future.

Effect of Bimetallic Dimer-Embedded TiO2(101) Surface on CO2 Reduction: The First-Principles Calculation.

The first-principles calculation was used to explore the effect of a bimetallic dimer-embedded anatase TiO2(101) surface on CO2 reduction behaviors. For the dimer-embedded anatase TiO2(101) surface, Zn-Cu, Zn-Pt, and Zn-Pd dimer interstitials could stably stay on the TiO2(101) surface with a binding energy of about -2.36 eV, as well as the electronic states' results. Meanwhile, the results of adsorption energy, structure parameters, and electronic states indicated that CO2 was first physically and then chemically adsorbed much more stably on these three kinds of dimer-embedded TiO2(101) substrate with a small barrier energy of 0.03 eV, 0.23 eV, and 0.12 eV. Regarding the reduction process, the highest-energy barriers of the CO2 molecule on the Zn-Cu dimer-embedded TiO2(101) substrate was 0.31 eV, which largely benefited the CO2-reduction reaction (CO2RR) activity and was much lower than that of the other two kinds of Zn-Pt and Cu-Pt dimer-TiO2 systems. Simultaneously, the products CO* and *O* of CO2 reduction were firmly adsorbed on the dimer-embedded TiO2(101) surface. Our results indicated that a non-noble Zn-Cu dimer might be a more suitable and economical choice, which might theoretically promote the designation of high CO2RR performance on TiO2 catalysts.

Thermochemical conversion of heavy metal contaminated biomass: Fate of the metals and their impact on products.

With the rapid depletion of fossil energy and increasingly severe environmental pollution, the development of biomass resources for biorefineries has become a new research focus. However, heavy metals may be released during the thermochemical treatment when the biomass materials used in biomass conversion are contaminated by heavy metals. This can cause secondary environmental pollution or transference to the target products, reducing product quality. Therefore, having a systematic understanding of the fate of heavy metals in biomass conversion is necessary for alleviating potential risks. This study presents the current status of contaminated biomass and conversion products involving thermochemical processes, the migration, transformation, and impact of heavy metals in biomass conversion was investigated, and the utilization of heavy metals in contaminated biomass was briefly outlined. This review aims to link biomass conversion to the fate of heavy metals, avoid existing risks as much as possible to produce cleaner products efficiently, and promote the sustainable development of heavy metal contaminated biomass resources.

Hydrogen sulfide and calcium effects on cadmium removal and resistance in the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an emerging gas transmitter, has been shown to be involved in multiple intracellular physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, the effects of hydrogen sulfide coupled with calcium on cadmium removal and resistance in Phanerochaete chrysosporium were examined. The results revealed that H2S enhanced the uptake of calcium by P. chrysosporium to resist cadmium stress. The removal and accumulation of cadmium by the mycelium was reduced by H2S and Ca2+ pretreatment. Moreover, oxidative damage and membrane integrity were alleviated by H2S and Ca2+. Corresponding antioxidative enzyme activities and glutathione were also found to positively respond to H2S and Ca2+, which played an important role in the resistance to cadmium-induced oxidative stress. The effects of hydroxylamine (HA; a hydrogen sulfide inhibitor) and ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA; a calcium chelator) toward H2S and Ca2+ and their cross-interactions confirmed the positive roles and the potential crosstalk of H2S and Ca2+ in cadmium stress resistance. These findings imply that the protective effects of H2S in P. chrysosporium under cadmium stress may occur through a reduction in the accumulation of cadmium and promotion of the antioxidant system, and the H2S-regulated pathway may be associated with the intracellular calcium signaling system.Key points• Altered monoterpenoid tolerance mainly related to altered activity of efflux pumps.• Increased tolerance to geranic acid surprisingly caused by decreased export activity.• Reduction of export activity can be beneficial for biotechnological conversions.

Biodegradation and detoxification of neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

The extensive use of neonicotinoid pesticides in the past two decades caused serious impacts on many kinds of living beings. Therefore, it has been strongly suggested to detoxify and eliminate neonicotinoids' residual levels in environment. Here, the degradation and detoxification of thiamethoxam (THX) by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was conducted. Results shown that P. chrysosporium can tolerate THX and degraded 49% of THX after incubation for 15 days, and then 98% for 25 days at the initial concentration of 10 mg/L, which indicates the excellent degradation ability of this fungus to THX. Based on the by-products identified, THX underwent dechlorination, nitrate reduction, and C-N cleavage between the 2-chlorothiazole ring and oxadiazine. (Z)-N-(3-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene)nitramide and 3-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-imine were identified as the main metabolites. The impacts of THX and its corresponding degradation intermediates on the growth of E. coil and Microcystis aeruginosa as well as the germination of rape and cabbage demonstrated that P. chrysosporium effectively degrades THX into metabolites and reduces its biotoxicity. The present work demonstrates that P. chrysosporium can be effectively used for degradation and detoxification of THX.

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome - Liaoning Province, China, 1999-2018.

What is already known on this topic? Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in Liaoning Province. Both Seoul and Hantaan virus are circulating in rodents, and epidemic outbreaks and sporadic cases have been recorded every year since the disease was recognized. What is added by this report? The epidemic trend of HFRS over the past 20 years (1999-2018) in Liaoning was analyzed, which showed both regional complexity and consistence with the epidemic in China. Genetic and antigenic stability of the circulating hantavirus were demonstrated, which suggested the effectiveness of the approved inactivated vaccine currently used in China. What are the implications for public health practice? Precise risk-based strategic practices that are integrated and regional are required for further improvement of the prevention and control of HFRS.

Chitosan-stabilized FeS magnetic composites for chromium removal: Characterization, performance, mechanism, and stability.

Chitosan-stabilized FeS magnetic (MC-FeS) composites were successfully prepared to address the easily oxidization of FeS and enhance Cr(VI) removal from water. Results showed that the MC-FeS composites enhanced the Cr(VI) removal capacity as compared to bare FeS. Further investigation using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that FeOOH, S8, Cr2O3, Cr2S3, and a Fe(III)-Cr(III) complex were apparently introduced by Cr(VI), Fe(II), and S(-II), respectively. The sorption kinetics could be interpreted using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, whereas the isotherms were simulated using the Redlich‒Peterson isotherm model indicating Cr(VI) removal by MC-FeS composites was a hybrid chemical reaction‒sorption process. In addition, the MC-FeS composite presented high stability against aging and performed well in a long-term reaction system and typical natural water environment. The effective performance of MC-FeS composites shows their great potential in wastewater remediation contaminated by heavy metals.

Generation of H11-albumin-rtTA Transgenic Mice: A Tool for Inducible Gene Expression in the Liver.

The modification of the mouse genome by site-specific gene insertion of transgenes and other genetic elements allows the study of gene function in different developmental stages and in the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we generated a "genomic safe harbor" Hipp11 (H11) locus-specific knock-in transgenic mouse line in which the albumin promoter is used to drive the expression of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) in the liver. The newly generated H11-albumin-rtTA transgenic mice were bred with tetracycline-operator-Histone-2B-green fluorescent protein (TetO-H2BGFP) mice to assess inducibility and tissue-specificity. Expression of the H2BGFP fusion protein was observed exclusively upon doxycycline (Dox) induction in the liver of H11-albumin-rtTA/TetO-H2BGFP double transgenic mice. To further analyze the ability of the Dox-inducible H11-albumin-rtTA mice to implement conditional DNA recombination, H11-albumin-rtTA transgenic mice were crossed with TetO-Cre and Ai14 mice to generate H11-albumin-rtTA/TetO-Cre/Ai14 triple transgenic mice. We successfully confirmed that the Cre-mediated recombination efficiency was as strong in Dox-induced H11-albumin-rtTA /TetO-Cre/Ai14 mice as in the control albumin-Cre/A14 mice. Finally, to characterize the expression-inducing effects of Dox in H11-albumin-rtTA/TetO-H2BGFP mice in detail, we examined GFP expression in embryos at different developmental stages and found that newly conceived H11-albumin-rtTA/TetO-H2BGFP embryos of Dox-treated pregnant female mice were expressing reporter GFP by E16.5. Our study demonstrates that these new H11-albumin-rtTA transgenic mice are a powerful and efficient tool for the temporally and spatially conditional manipulation of gene expression in the liver, and illustrates how genetic crosses with these new mice enable the generation of complex multi-locus transgenic animals for mechanistic studies.

Silencing of Long Non-coding RNA SMAD5-AS1 Reverses Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via microRNA-195-Dependent Inhibition of SMAD5.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread attention in recent years as a key regulator of diverse biological processes, but the knowledge of the mechanisms by which they act is still very limited. Differentially expressed lncRNA SMAD5 antisense RNA 1 (SMAD5-AS1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and normal samples shown by in silico analyses were selected as the main subject, and then microRNA-195 (miR-195) was suggested to bind to SMAD5-AS1 and SMAD5. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of SMAD5-AS1/miR-195/SMAD5 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC cells. High expression of SMAD5-AS1 and SMAD5 but low miR-195 expression was determined in NPC tissues and NPC cell lines by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. SMAD5-AS1 could upregulate SMAD5 expression by competitively binding to miR-195 in NPC cells. Loss- and gain-of-function investigations were subsequently conducted in NPC cells (CNE-2 and CNE-1) to explore the role of SMAD5-AS, miR-195 and SMAD5 in NPC progression by assessing cellular biological functions and tumorigenic ability in vivo as well as determining the expression of EMT markers. Downregulation of SMAD5-AS1 or SMAD5 or overexpression of miR-195 led to inhibited NPC cell proliferation, invasion and migration and reversed EMT, enhanced apoptosis in vitro as well as restrained tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that silencing of lncRNA SMAD5-AS1 induces the downregulation of SMAD5 by miR-195, eventually repressing EMT in NPC. Hence, SMAD5-AS1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for NPC intervention.

Chiral Landau levels in Weyl semimetal NbAs with multiple topological carriers.

Recently, Weyl semimetals have been experimentally discovered in both inversion-symmetry-breaking and time-reversal-symmetry-breaking crystals. The non-trivial topology in Weyl semimetals can manifest itself with exotic phenomena, which have been extensively investigated by photoemission and transport measurements. Despite the numerous experimental efforts on Fermi arcs and chiral anomaly, the existence of unconventional zeroth Landau levels, as a unique hallmark of Weyl fermions, which is highly related to chiral anomaly, remains elusive owing to the stringent experimental requirements. Here, we report the magneto-optical study of Landau quantization in Weyl semimetal NbAs. High magnetic fields drive the system toward the quantum limit, which leads to the observation of zeroth chiral Landau levels in two inequivalent Weyl nodes. As compared to other Landau levels, the zeroth chiral Landau level exhibits a distinct linear dispersion in magnetic field direction and allows the optical transitions without the limitation of zero z momentum or [Formula: see text] magnetic field evolution. The magnetic field dependence of the zeroth Landau levels further verifies the predicted particle-hole asymmetry of the Weyl cones. Meanwhile, the optical transitions from the normal Landau levels exhibit the coexistence of multiple carriers including an unexpected massive Dirac fermion, pointing to a more complex topological nature in inversion-symmetry-breaking Weyl semimetals. Our results provide insights into the Landau quantization of Weyl fermions and demonstrate an effective tool for studying complex topological systems.

Effects of cadmium on calcium homeostasis in the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Due to the widespread application of white-rot fungi for the treatment of pollutants, it's crucial to exploit the special effects of pollutants on the microbes. Here, we studied the effects of cadmium on calcium homeostasis in the most studied white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The response of P. chrysosporium to cadmium stress is concentration-dependent. A high concentration of cadmium caused the release of calcium from P. chrysosporium, while a hormesis effect was observed at a lower cadmium concentration (10 µM), which resulted in a significant increase in calcium uptake and reversed the decrease in cell viability. Calcium (50 µM) promoted cell viability (127.2% of control), which reflects that calcium can protect P. chrysosporium from environmental stress. Real-time changes in the Ca2+ and Cd2+ fluxes of P. chrysosporium were quantified using the noninvasive microtest technique. Ca2+ influx decreased significantly under cadmium exposure, and the Ca2+ channel was involved in Ca2+ and Cd2+ influx. The cadmium and/or calcium uptake results coupled with the real-time Ca2+ and Cd2+ influxes microscale signatures can enhance our knowledge of the homeostasis of P. chrysosporium with respect to cadmium stress, which may provide useful information for improving the bioremediation process.

Selenium contamination, consequences and remediation techniques in water and soils: A review.

Selenium (Se) contamination in surface and ground water in numerous river basins has become a critical problem worldwide in recent years. The exposure to Se, either direct consumption of Se or indirectly may be fatal to the human health because of its toxicity. The review begins with an introduction of Se chemistry, distribution and health threats, which are essential to the remediation techniques. Then, the review provides the recent and common removal techniques for Se, including reduction techniques, phytoremediation, bioremediation, coagulation-flocculation, electrocoagulation (EC), electrochemical methods, adsorption, coprecipitation, electrokinetics, membrance technology, and chemical precipitation. Removal techniques concentrate on the advantages, drawbacks and the recent achievements of each technique. The review also takes an overall consideration of experimental conditions, comparison criteria and economic aspects.

Microbial Biofertilizer Decreases Nicotine Content by Improving Soil Nitrogen Supply.

Biofertilizers have been widely used in many countries for their benefit to soil biological and physicochemical properties. A new microbial biofertilizer containing Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Bacillus thuringiensis was prepared to decrease nicotine content in tobacco leaves by regulating soil nitrogen supply. Soil NO3--N, NH4+-N, nitrogen supply-related enzyme activities, and nitrogen accumulation in plant leaves throughout the growing period were investigated to explore the mechanism of nicotine reduction. The experimental results indicated that biofertilizer can reduce the nicotine content in tobacco leaves, with a maximum decrement of 16-18 % in mature upper leaves. In the meantime, the total nitrogen in mature lower and middle leaves increased with the application of biofertilizer, while an opposite result was observed in upper leaves. Protein concentration in leaves had similar fluctuation to that of total nitrogen in response to biofertilizer. NO3--N content and nitrate reductase activity in biofertilizer-amended soil increased by 92.3 and 42.2 %, respectively, compared to those in the control, whereas the NH4+-N and urease activity decreased by 37.8 and 29.3 %, respectively. Nitrogen uptake was improved in the early growing stage, but this phenomenon was not observed during the late growth period. Nicotine decrease is attributing to the adjustment of biofertilizer in soil nitrogen supply and its uptake in tobacco, which result in changes of nitrogen content as well as its distribution in tobacco leaves. The application of biofertilizer containing P. chrysosporium and B. thuringiensis can reduce the nicotine content and improve tobacco quality, which may provide some useful information for tobacco cultivation.

Carbon disulfide-modified magnetic ion-imprinted chitosan-Fe(III): A novel adsorbent for simultaneous removal of tetracycline and cadmium.

A novel composite of carbon disulfide-modified magnetic ion-imprinted chitosan-Fe(III), i.e., MMIC-Fe(III) composite, was prepared as an efficient adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of tetracycline (TC) and Cd(II). This adsorbent showed excellent performance in removing TC and Cd(II) due to its rapid kinetics, high adsorption capacity, good reusability, and was well suited for use with real water samples. Kinetics studies demonstrated that the adsorption proceeded according to a pseudo-second order model. The adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorption capacity for TC and Cd(II) being 516.29 and 194.31mg/g, respectively. The synergistic effect of TC and Cd(II) adsorption might be due to the formation of TC-Cd(II) complex bridging the adsorbate and adsorbent. These properties demonstrate the potential application of MMIC-Fe(III) for the simultaneous removal of TC and Cd(II), and may provide some information for the synergistic removal of antibiotics and heavy metals from aquatic environments.

The application of iron-based technologies in uranium remediation: A review.

Remediating uranium contamination is of worldwide interest because of the increasing release of uranium from mining and processing, nuclear power leaks, depleted uranium components in weapons production and disposal, and phosphate fertilizer in agriculture activities. Iron-based technologies are attractive because they are highly efficient, inexpensive, and readily available. This paper provides an overview of the current literature that addresses the application of iron-based technologies in the remediation of sites with elevated uranium levels. The application of iron-based materials, the current remediation technologies and mechanisms, and the effectiveness and environmental safety considerations of these approaches were discussed. Because uranium can be reduced and reoxidized in the environment, the review also proposes strategies for long-term in situ remediation of uranium. Unfortunately, iron-based materials (nanoscale zerovalent iron and iron oxides) can be toxic to microorganisms. As such, further studies exploring the links among the fates, ecological impacts, and other environmentally relevant factors are needed to better understand the constraints on using iron-based technologies for remediation.

Positive to negative zero-field cooled exchange bias in La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.8Co0.2O3 ceramics.

Exchange bias effect obtained after zero-field cooling from unmagnetized state usually exhibits a shift of hysteresis loop negative to the direction of the initial magnetic field, known as negative zero-field cooled exchange bias. Here, positive zero-field cooled exchange bias is reported in La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.8Co0.2O3 ceramics. In addition, a transition from positive to negative exchange bias has been observed with increasing initial magnetization field and measurement temperature. Based on a simple spin bidomain model with variable interface, two type of interfacial spin configuration formed during the initial magnetization process are proposed to interpret the observed phenomenon.

Alteration of culture fluid proteins by cadmium induction in Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Microorganisms need to resist the hazards posed by heavy metals during the process of metal adsorption. Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a fungus that is efficiently used for heavy-metal biosorption in wastewater treatment. Extraction and analysis of proteins induced by heavy metals can help to understand the regulatory mechanisms of P. chrysosporium in wastewater treatment. In this study, P. chrysosporium was exposed to 50 µM cadmium nitrate. A maximum cadmium adsorption capability of 77.1 mg/g dry biomass was found after 65 h, which was accompanied by a relatively higher protein concentration. After separation of the culture fluid proteins by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), three differentially expressed proteins were detected from 17 spots. By using 2D-DIGE, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS), glutathione S-transferase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were identified. All three enzymes play important roles in the oxidative stress caused by cadmium.