Time-resolved scRNA-seq reveals transcription dynamics of polarized macrophages with influenza A virus infection and antigen presentation to T cells.

AbstractThroughout history, the influenza A virus has caused numerous devastating global pandemics. Macrophages, as pivotal innate immune cells, exhibit a wide range of immune functions characterized by distinct polarization states, reflecting their intricate heterogeneity. In this study, we employed the time-resolved single-cell sequencing technique coupled with metabolic RNA labelling to elucidate the dynamic transcriptional changes in distinct polarized states of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) upon infection with the influenza A virus. Our approach not only captures the temporal dimension of transcriptional activity, which is lacking in conventional scRNA-seq methods, but also reveals that M2-polarized Arg1_macrophages is the sole state supporting successful replication of influenza A virus. Furthermore, we identified distinct antigen presentation capabilities to CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells across diverse polarized states of macrophages. Notably, the M1 phenotype, exhibited by both bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and murine alveolar macrophages (AMs), demonstrated superior conventional and cross-presentation abilities for exogenous antigens, with a particular emphasis on cross-presentation capacity. Additionally, as CD8+ T cell differentiation progressed, M1 polarization exhibited an enhanced capacity for cross-presentation. All three phenotypes of BMDMs, including M1, demonstrated robust presentation of CD4+ regulatory T cells, while displaying limited ability to present naive CD4+ T cells. These findings offer novel insights into the immunological regulatory mechanisms governing distinct polarized states of macrophages, particularly their roles in restricting the replication of influenza A virus and modulating antigen-specific T cell responses through innate immunity.

Discovery of Benzothiazol-2-ylthiophenylpyrazole-4-carboxamides as Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) has been considered an ideal target for discovering fungicides. To develop novel SDH inhibitors, in this work, 31 novel benzothiazol-2-ylthiophenylpyrazole-4-carboxamides were designed and synthesized using active fragment exchange and a link approach as promising SDH inhibitors. The findings from the tests on antifungal activity indicated that most of the synthesized compounds displayed remarkable inhibition against the fungi tested. Compound Ig N-(2-(((5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)thio)methyl)phenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-yrazole-4-carboxamide, with EC50 values against four kinds of fungi tested below 10 µg/mL and against Cercospora arachidicola even below 2 µg/mL, showed superior antifungal activity than that of commercial fungicide thifluzamide, and specifically compounds Ig and Im were found to show preventative potency of 90.6% and 81.3% against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, respectively, similar to the positive fungicide thifluzamide. The molecular simulation studies suggested that hydrophobic interactions were the main driving forces between ligands and SDH. Encouragingly, we found that compound Ig can effectively promote the wheat seedlings and the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our further studies indicated that compound Ig could stimulate nitrate reductase activity in planta and increase the biomass of plants.

Roles of soil minerals in the degradation of chlorpyrifos and its intermediate by microwave activated peroxymonosulfate.

Soil mineral is one of the important factors that affecting oxidant decomposition and pollutants degradation in soil remediation. In this study, the effects of iron minerals, manganese minerals and clay minerals on the degradation of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its intermediate product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) by microwave (MW) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were investigated. As a result, the addition of minerals had slight inhibitory effect on the degradation efficiency of CPF by MW/PMS, but the degradation efficiency of TCP was improved by the addition of some specific minerals, including ferrihydrite, birnessite, and random symbiotic mineral of pyrolusite and ramsdellite (Pyr-Ram). The stronger MW absorption ability of minerals is beneficial for PMS decomposition, but the MW absorption ability of minerals cannot be fully utilized because of the weaker MW radiation intensity under constant temperature conditions. Through electron spin resonance test, quenching experiment and electrochemical experiment, electron transfer, SO4- and OH, SO4- dominated TCP degradation by MW/PMS with the addition of birnessite, Pyr-Ram and ferrihydrite, respectively. Besides, the adsorption effect of ferrihydrite also enhanced the removal of TCP. The redox of Mn (III)/Mn (IV) or Fe (II)/Fe (III) in manganese/iron minerals participated in the generation of reactive species. In addition, the addition of minerals not only increased the variety of alkyl hydroxylation products of CPF, causing different degradation pathways from CPF to TCP, but also further degraded TCP to dechlorination or hydroxylation products. This study demonstrated the synergistic effect of minerals and MW for PMS activation, provided new insights for the effects of soil properties on soil remediation by MW activated PMS technology.

[Virtual reality perimetry and home perimetry]. / "Virtual reality perimetry" und "home perimetry".

In this article virtual reality (VR)-based procedures for home perimetry (HP) are described and an overview is given of which procedures can already be used today.

Fragmentomics features of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Due to the occult onset of OC, its nonspecific clinical symptoms in the early phase, and a lack of effective early diagnostic tools, most OC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. In this study, shallow whole-genome sequencing was utilized to characterize fragmentomics features of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in OC patients. By applying a machine learning model, multiclass fragmentomics data achieved a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.962-0.976) for diagnosing OC. OC scores derived from this model strongly correlated with the disease stage. Further comparative analysis of OC scores illustrated that the fragmentomics-based technology provided additional clinical benefits over the traditional serum biomarkers cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) index. In conclusion, fragmentomics features in ctDNA are potential biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of OC.

High-integrity Pueraria montana var. lobata genome and population analysis revealed the genetic diversity of Pueraria genus.

Pueraria montana var. lobata (P. lobata) is a traditional medicinal plant belonging to the Pueraria genus of Fabaceae family. Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (P. thomsonii) and Pueraria montana var. montana (P. montana) are its related species. However, evolutionary history of the Pueraria genus is still largely unknown. Here, a high-integrity, chromosome-level genome of P. lobata and an improved genome of P. thomsonii were reported. It found evidence for an ancient whole-genome triplication and a recent whole-genome duplication shared with Fabaceae in three Pueraria species. Population genomics of 121 Pueraria accessions demonstrated that P. lobata populations had substantially higher genetic diversity, and P. thomsonii was probably derived from P. lobata by domestication as a subspecies. Selection sweep analysis identified candidate genes in P. thomsonii populations associated with the synthesis of auxin and gibberellin, which potentially play a role in the expansion and starch accumulation of tubers in P. thomsonii. Overall, the findings provide new insights into the evolutionary and domestication history of the Pueraria genome and offer a valuable genomic resource for the genetic improvement of these species.

Low-dose lenvatinib and anti-programmed cell death protein-1 combination therapy in patients with heavily pre-treated recurrent ovarian and endometrial cancer: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Treatment options for heavily pre-treated recurrent ovarian and endometrial cancer are limited. Lenvatinib plus anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) combination therapy has been efficacious in advanced endometrial cancer, but at the recommended dose level, high-grade adverse events occur and lead to drug discontinuation. This study evaluated the feasibility of low-dose lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with recurrent ovarian and endometrial cancer. METHODS: This is a single-arm, protocol-based pilot study. Patients with recurrent ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer who had at least one line of previous therapy were included and given lenvatinib 8 or 12 mg daily (based on the patient's weight) and anti-PD-1 therapy. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were enrolled, including 15 with ovarian cancer and six with endometrial cancer. All patients were pre-treated, and the median number of lines of previous treatment of the ovarian and endometrial cancer cohorts was three and two, respectively. After a median follow-up of 11.0 months (range 6.8-23.9), the objective response rate for the ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer cohorts was 46.7% (95% CI 21.3% to 73.4%) and 66.7% (95% CI 22.3% to 95.7%), respectively. The median duration of response for the ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer cohorts was 5.3 (95% CI 0 to 11.7) and 6.1 (95% CI 2.4 to 9.8) months, respectively. The median progression-free survival for the ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer cohorts was 4.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 5.6) and 6.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 11.5) months, respectively. No grade 4 or 5 adverse events occurred. Eight (38.1%) patients had a lenvatinib dose reduction. There was no discontinuation of lenvatinib alone, and only one patient discontinued both drugs due to adverse events. CONCLUSION: Low-dose lenvatinib in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy showed promising efficacy and favorable tolerability in patients with heavily pre-treated ovarian and endometrial cancer.

Triterpene esters of cirsium setosum and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Two new triterpene fatty acid esters, 3ß-palmityloxy-12,27-cyclofriedoolean-14-en-11α-ol (1) and 3ß-palmityloxy-19α-hydroxyursane (2), together with 3ß-hydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-enyl palmitate (3) were isolated from the potent anti-inflammatory active fraction of the petroleum ether-soluble part of Cirsium setosum ethanol extract. Compound 1 was found to be a rare 12,27-cyclopropane triterpenoid. Their structures were determined through spectral data analysis combined with literature reports. Furthermore, in vitro experiment, compounds 1-3 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages.

Efficient roxarsone degradation by low-dose peroxymonosulfate with the activation of recycling iron-base composite material: Critical role of electron transfer.

Pollutant degradation via electron transfer based on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) provides an economical and energy-efficient method for pollution control. In this study, an iron-rich waste, heating pad waste (HPW), was recycled as a raw material, and a strong magnetic catalyst (Fe-HPW) was synthesized at high temperature (900 °C). Results showed that in the constructed Fe-HPW/PMS system, effective roxarsone (ROX) degradation and TOC removal (72.54%) were achieved at a low-dose of oxidant (PMS, 0.05 mM) and catalyst (Fe-HPW, 0.05 g L-1), the ratio of PMS to ROX was only 2.5:1. In addition, the released inorganic arsenic was effectively removed from the solution. The analysis of the experimental results showed that ROX was effectively degraded by forming PMS/catalyst surface complexes (Fe-HPW-PMS*) to mediate electron transfer in the Fe-HPW/PMS system. Besides, this system performed effective ROX degradation over a wide pH range (pH=3-9) and showed high resistance to different water parameters. Overall, this study not only provides a new direction for the recycling application of HPW but also re-emphasizes the neglected nonradical pathway in advanced oxidation processes.

Seco-nortriterpenoids from Cirsium setosum and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Five unusual seco-nortriterpenoids, 3ß-hydroxy-20,21-seco-30-nortaraxastan-20,21-dioic acid (1), 3ß-hydroxy-20,21-seco-30-nortaraxastan-20-oic-21-oate (2), 3ß-hydroxy-20-oxo-21,22-seco-30-nortaraxastan-22-oic acid (3), 3ß-hydroxy-19-oxo-20,21-seco-29,30-nortaraxastan-21-oic acid (4) and 3ß-hydroxy-19-oxo-20,21-seco-19-norlupan-21-oic acid (5) were isolated and elucidated from the anti-inflammatory activity fraction of the ethanol extract of Cirsium setosum. The structures of these compounds were established through spectroscopic methods. Preliminary biological assays showed that compounds 1-5 had significant inhibitory effect on NO production on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and compound 1 showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. This type of ring-opening compound is the first seco-triterpenoid structure discovered from the genus of Cirsium.

©Relationship between endophytic fungal diversity and colonization and soil factors of cultured blueberry roots in Guizhou Province, Southwest China.

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) inhabit plant roots and soil in ecosystems and host plants worldwide. DSE colonization is influenced by cultivars, soil factors, and specific habitat conditions. The regular diversity of DSEs in blueberries in Guizhou, China, is still unclear. In this study, four cultivars (Gardenblue, Powderblue, O'Neal, and Legacy) in three areas (Gaopo, Majiang, and Fenggang) in Guizhou were used to identify DSEs by morphological and molecular biological methods and to clarify the relationship between DSE diversity and DSE colonization and soil factors of cultivated blueberries in Guizhou. The DSEs isolated from cultivated blueberry roots in 3 areas in Guizhou Province were different, belonging to 17 genera, and the dominant genera were Penicillium, Phialocephala, and Thozetella. DSEs isolated from Majiang belonged to 12 genera and 16 species, those from Gaopo belonged to 7 genera and 15 species, and those from Fenggang belonged to 5 genera and 7 species. Among the different blueberry varieties, 11 genera were isolated from O'Neal, 12 genera were isolated from Powderblue, 11 genera were isolated from Legacy and 13 genera were isolated from Gardenblue. Coniochaeta is endemic to O'Neal, Chaetomium and Curvularia are endemic to Powderblue, and Thielavia is endemic to Legacy. Correlation analysis showed that DSE diversity was significantly correlated with DSE colonization and soil factors.

Progressive peripapillary capillary vessel density loss and long-term visual field progression in Normal tension glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To explore the association between progressive peripapillary capillary vessel density (pcVD) reduction and the progression of visual field (VF) impairment in individuals with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: The study enrolled 110 participants with one eye each, totalling 110 NTG eyes. VF defects were evaluated using standard automated perimetry mean deviation (MD), while pcVD measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography throughout the follow-up period. Estimates of VF progression were determined by event-based and trend-based analyses. Fast VF progression was defined as an MD slope steeper than -0.5 dB/year, while the slow progression or stable VF was defined as an MD slope better or equal to -0.25 dB/year. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to analyse the rates of change in pcVD reduction and VF MD decline over time. Additionally, univariable and multivariable linear models were used to examine the relationship between pcVD changes and VF loss rates in NTG. RESULTS: Slow VF progression or stable VF was observed in 45% of subjects, while 25% had moderate progression and 30% showed fast progression. Patients with VF progression exhibited faster rate of pcVD reduction in peripapillary global region (-0.73 ± 0.40%/year vs. -0.56 ± 0.35%/year, p = 0.022). Moreover, this rate positively correlated with VF MD decline in NTG (estimate 0.278, 95% CI 0.122-0.433, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In individuals with NTG, faster VF progression was linked to a quicker reduction in pcVD, suggesting a positive correlation between pcVD decline and VF deterioration.

Functional and Morphological Outcomes after Trabeculectomy and Deep Sclerectomy-Results from a Monocentric Registry Study.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy (TE) and deep sclerectomy (DS) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and thereby preserving visual field and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) tissue in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases. IOP, number of IOP-lowering medications, visual acuity, mean defect of standard automated perimetry, and mean peripapillary RNFL thickness were retrospectively collected and followed up for 3 years after surgery. TE was performed in 104 eyes and DS in 183 eyes. Age, gender, laterality, IOP, number of medications, visual acuity, perimetry mean defect, and peripapillary RNFL thickness were equally distributed at baseline. Mean IOP decreased from 23.8 ± 1.4 mmHg and 23.1 ± 0.4 mmHg to 13.4 ± 0.6 mmHg (p < 0.001) and 15.4 ± 0.7 mmHg (p = 0.001) in the TE and DS groups, respectively. Mean defect remained stable (TE: -11.5 ± 0.9 dB to -12.0 ± 1.1 (p = 0.090); DS: -10.5 ± 0.9 dB to -11.0 ± 1.0 dB (p = 0.302)), while mean peripapillary RNFL thickness showed further deterioration during follow-up (TE group: 64.4 ± 2.1 µm to 59.7 ± 3.5 µm (p < 0.001); DS group: 64.9 ± 1.9 µm to 58.4 ± 2.1 µm (p < 0.001)). Both TE and DS were comparably effective concerning postoperative reduction in IOP and medication. However, glaucoma disease further progressed during follow-up.

Function analysis and characterisation of a novel chitinase, MdCht9, in Musca domestica.

Insect chitinases have been proposed as potential targets for pest control. In this work, a novel group IV chitinase gene, MdCht9, from Musca domestica was found to have multiple functions in the physiological activity, including chitin regulation, development and antifungal immunity. The MdCht9 gene was cloned and sequenced, its phylogeny was analysed and its expression was determined in normal and 20E treated larvae. Subsequently, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated MdCht9 knockdown was performed, followed by biochemical assays, morphological observations and transcriptome analysis. Finally, the recombinant protein MdCht9 (rMdCht9) was purified and tested for anti-microbial activity and enzyme characteristics. The results showed that MdCht9 consists of three domains, highly expressed in a larval salivary gland. RNAi silencing of MdCht9 resulted in significant down-regulation of chitin content and expression of 15 chitin-binding protein (CBP) genes, implying a new insight that MdCht9 might regulate chitin content by influencing the expression of CBPs. In addition, more than half of the lethality and partial wing deformity appeared due to the dsMdCht9 treatment. In addition, the rMdCht9 exhibited anti-microbial activity towards Candida albicans (fungus) but not towards Escherichia coli (G-) or Staphylococcus aureus (G+). Our work expands on previous studies of chitinase while providing a potential target for pest management.

PRESERFLO MicroShunt implantation versus trabeculectomy for primary open-angle glaucoma: a two-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: To compare the intermediate-term efficacy of PRESERFLO (PF) MicroShunt implantation with trabeculectomy (TE) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, focusing on longitudinal changes of functional and structural parameters. METHODS: This retrospective comparative study included 104 eyes of 104 patients who underwent TE and 83 eyes of 83 patients that underwent PF implantation between January 2019 and December 2020, with a minimum follow-up of two years. Baseline and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of IOP-lowering medications, visual field mean defect (MD) and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measured using optical coherence tomography were assessed and compared between groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics (age, sex, IOP, number of IOP-lowering medications, MD, RNFL thickness) were comparable between the two groups (all P > 0.05). During the two-year of follow-up, mean IOP decreased from 24.09 ± 1.15 mmHg and 21.67 ± 0.77 mmHg to 11.37 ± 1.13 mmHg (P < 0.001) and 15.50 ± 1.54 mmHg (P = 0.028), and the mean number of IOP-lowering medications decreased from 3.25 ± 0.14 and 3.51 ± 0.14 to 0.53 ± 0.14 (P < 0.001) and 1.06 ± 0.43 (P < 0.001) in the TE and PF groups, respectively. MD remained stable [- 11.54 ± 0.93 dB and - 11.17 ± 1.66 to - 10.67 ± 0.91 dB (P = 0.226) and - 10.40 ± 4.75 dB (P = 0.628) in the TE and PF groups, respectively] but RNFL thickness decreased continuously during follow-up [62.79 ± 1.94 µm and 62.62 ± 2.05 µm to 57.41 ± 1.81 µm (P < 0.001) and 60.22 ± 1.98 µm (P = 0.182) in the TE and PF groups, respectively]. CONCLUSION: PF implantation is comparably effective in the intermediate term in lowering IOP and reducing the use of IOP-lowering medications over a two-year follow-up period. Although visual field defects were stable, RNFL continued to decrease during postoperative follow-up.

Magnetic and Ferroelectric Manipulation of Valley Physics in Janus Piezoelectric Materials.

The realization of multiferroic materials offers the possibility of multifunctional electronic device design. However, the coupling between the multiferroicity and piezoelectricity in Janus materials is rarely reported. In this study, we propose a mechanism for manipulating valley physics by magnetization reversing and ferroelectric switching in multiferroic and piezoelectric material. The ferromagnetic VSiGeP4 monolayer exhibits a large valley polarization up to 100 meV, which can be effectively operated by reversing magnetization. Interestingly, the antiferromagnetic VSiGeP4 bilayers with AB and BA stacking configurations allow the coexistence of valley polarization and ferroelectricity, supporting the proposed strategy for manipulating valley physics via ferroelectric switching and interlayer sliding. In addition, the VSiGeP4 monolayer contains remarkable tunable piezoelectricity regulated by electron correlation U. This study proposes a feasible idea for regulating valley polarization and a general design idea for multifunctional devices with multiferroic and piezoelectric properties, facilitating the miniaturization and integration of nanodevices.

[Adsorption Performance of Walnut Green Husk Biochar for Heavy Metals].

The biochars of WP300, WP500, and WP700 were prepared by pyrolyzing walnut green husk under 300℃, 500℃, and 700℃ with the oxygen-free condition for removing Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ in an aqueous solution. The results revealed that WP500 prepared under the medium pyrolysis temperature achieved the best adsorption performance for heavy metals, and the highest removal efficiency was reached when the solution pH was 8, in which the removal efficiency of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ were 97.87%, 99.78%, and 71.15%, respectively. The required biochar dosage for heavy metal removal varied under different adsorption conditions. In the single-metal system, the optimal dosage for WP500 in the Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ solutions was 1.3 g·L-1, 2.1 g·L-1, and 1.9 g·L-1, respectively, whereas in the pollution metals system, the optimal biochar dosage was 5.1 g·L-1. In addition, the adsorption capacity of WP500 for the three heavy metals followed the order of Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+ under the single and combined-metals system, indicating that there were no synergistic or antagonistic effects among these three adsorbates. The fitting results of the adsorption isotherm model suggested that various immobilization methods existed in adsorption process between WP500 and Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+. The kinetic fitting results suggested that the main reaction between WP500 and Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ was chemical adsorption. The mechanisms of WP500 for heavy metals involved pore-filling, electrostatic attraction, ion-exchange, mineral precipitation, complexation, and π-π electron donor-accepter interaction. To conclude, this study offered a new insight for the resource utilization of the waste walnut green husk.

Effects of regular zooplankton supplement on the bacterial communities and process performance of biofilm for wastewater treatment.

Biofilm processing technologies were widely used for wastewater treatment due to its advantages of low cost and easy management. However, the aging biofilms inevitably decrease the purification efficiency and increase the sludge production, which limited the widely application of biofilms technologies in rural area. In this study, we proposed a novel strategy by introducing high-trophic organisms to prey on low-trophic organisms, and reduce the aged biofilms and enhance treatment efficiencies in rural wastewater treatment. The effect of three typical zooplankton (Paramecium, Daphnia, and Rotifer) supplement on the purification efficiency and biofilm properties in the contact oxidation process were investigated, and the reaction conditions were optimized by an orthogonal experiment. Under optimal conditions, the biofilms weight decreased 67.6%, the oxygen consumption rate of biofilms increased 9.4%, and wastewater treatment efficiency was obviously increased after zooplankton supplement. Microbial sequencing results demonstrated that the zooplankton optimize the contact oxidation process by altering the bacterial genera mainly Diaphorobacter, Thermomonas, Alicycliphilus and Comamonas. This research provides insight into mechanism of the zooplankton supplement in biological contact oxidation process and provides a feasible strategy for improving the rural sewage treatment technology.

Control Effect and Mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum TM11 against Blueberry Root Rot.

Fusarium oxysporum is the primary pathogen of blueberry root rot; furthermore, we found that Fusarium commune can also cause root rot in blueberries. Trichoderma spp. is widely used to control plant diseases. We isolated Trichoderma asperellum (TM11) from blueberry rhizosphere soil to explore its control effect and mechanism on F. oxysporum and F. commune. We found that the inhibitory effects of TM11 volatiles and broth metabolites on F. oxysporum were significant, but only F. commune volatile metabolites had a significant inhibitory effect on its growth. Twelve known antimicrobial metabolites were detected from the methanol extract of TM11 fermentation broth by HPLC-MS. TM11 lysed and coiled around the hyphae of F. oxysporum and F. commune. The pot experiment showed that TM11 had significant control effects against F. oxysporum and F. commune, and inoculation of TM11 prior to that of F. oxysporum and F. commune was more effective. The TM11, TM11 and F. oxysporum, or F. commune and distilled water treatments had different effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, and the enzyme activity levels exhibited the following order: TM11 > TM11 and F. oxysporum or F. commune > distilled water. The results showed that TM11 provided effective control of blueberry root rot.