Research on Dynamic Pig Counting Method Based on Improved YOLOv7 Combined with DeepSORT.

A pig inventory is a crucial component of achieving precise and large-scale farming. In complex pigsty environments, due to pigs' stress reactions and frequent obstructions, it is challenging to count them accurately and automatically. This difficulty contrasts with most current deep learning studies, which rely on overhead views or static images for counting. This research proposes a video-based dynamic counting method, combining YOLOv7 with DeepSORT. By utilizing the YOLOv7 network structure and optimizing the second and third 3 × 3 convolution operations in the head network ELAN-W with PConv, the model reduces the computational demand and improves the inference speed without sacrificing accuracy. To ensure that the network acquires accurate position perception information at oblique angles and extracts rich semantic information, we introduce the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism before the three re-referentialization paths (REPConv) in the head network, enhancing robustness in complex scenarios. Experimental results show that, compared to the original model, the improved model increases the mAP by 3.24, 0.05, and 1.00 percentage points for oblique, overhead, and all pig counting datasets, respectively, while reducing the computational cost by 3.6 GFLOPS. The enhanced YOLOv7 outperforms YOLOv5, YOLOv4, YOLOv3, Faster RCNN, and SSD in target detection with mAP improvements of 2.07, 5.20, 2.16, 7.05, and 19.73 percentage points, respectively. In dynamic counting experiments, the improved YOLOv7 combined with DeepSORT was tested on videos with total pig counts of 144, 201, 285, and 295, yielding errors of -3, -3, -4, and -26, respectively, with an average accuracy of 96.58% and an FPS of 22. This demonstrates the model's capability of performing the real-time counting of pigs in various scenes, providing valuable data and references for automated pig counting research.

Naloxone Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Microglial Activation via Inhibiting ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanism of naloxone on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neuronal inflammation and microglial activation. METHODS: LPS-treated microglial BV-2 cells and mice were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of naloxone. RESULTS: The results showed that naloxone dose-dependently promoted cell proliferation in LPS-induced BV-2 cells, downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) and proinflammatory enzymes iNOS and COX-2 as well as the expression of free radical molecule NO, and reduced the expression of Iba-1-positive microglia in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells and mouse brain. Moreover, naloxone improved LPS-induced behavior degeneration in mice. Mechanically, naloxone inhibited LPS-induced activation in the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel. However, the presence of glibenclamide (Glib), an antagonist of KATP channel, ameliorated the suppressive effects of naloxone on inflammation and microglial activation. CONCLUSION: Naloxone prevented LPS-induced neuroinflammation and microglial activation partially through the KATP channel. These findings might highlight the potential of naloxone in neuroinflammation therapy.

An in vitro study of coagulation properties in refrigerated whole blood and reconstituted whole blood.

OBJECTIVE: Fresh whole blood (WB) has been used in military applications and cardiac surgery. We undertook a study of the coagulation properties of refrigerated WB stored for 21 days and compared them with the properties of reconstituted WB. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten WB units were obtained from healthy volunteer donors and stored at 4 ± 2°C. Samples were obtained on Days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 21 from the WB units. Ten units of reconstituted WB were prepared with a ratio of red cells, platelets and plasma of 1:1:1. Tests included complete blood count, electrolyte, routine coagulation, blood coagulation factor and thromboelastography. RESULTS: There was a progressive decline in Hb, WBC, PLT, sodium and coagulation factors but a progressive increase in APTT, PT and potassium in WB. The concentrations of factor (F)V and FVIII as well as FII and FX of WB were higher before Days 4, 2, 8 and 14, respectively, compared with the concentrations of reconstituted WB. The concentrations of FVII, FIX, FXI and FXII in WB were found to be equal to or higher than those in reconstituted WB throughout the course of 21 days. TEG variables in all WB units were normal throughout the course of 10 days. The mean PT and APTT of WB were lower than those of reconstituted WB before Days 14 and 10, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the coagulation properties of refrigerated WB were equal to or superior to those of reconstituted WB for a minimum of 10 days.

[Coagulation Properties for Whole Blood Stored at 4℃].

OBJECTIVE: To study the coagulation properties the refrigerated whole blood stored at 4℃. METHODS: Ten units of whole blood were obtained from healthy volunteer donors and stored at 4±2℃ for 21 days. Samples were collected on the day after donation and on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 21 for delection including complete blood count, electrolyte, APTT, PT, Fg, blood coagulation factors, and thromboelastography(TEG). RESULTS: The levels of Hb, WBC, Plt, sodium and potassium in each sample accorded with standard of storing whole blood. The level of Hb, WBC, Plt and Na+ decreased along with prolonging of storage time, while the K+ level increased along with prolonging of stored time, APTT and PT prolonged along with prolonging of thored time, PT>17 min at d 21, the Fg level change was no-obvious, The level of factor Ⅴ and Ⅷ decreased more than 50 % of baseline on d 6 and 4 respectively; the levels of factor Ⅱ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ, Ⅻ showed decreasing trend, but their levels were less than 40 % of baseline values at d 21. TEG test showed that no abnormalily of R value was found, the abnormal valnes of K and Angle were observed at d 21, the abnormal value of MA was observed at d 14. CONCLUSION: The whole blood stored for 10 days possesses normal coagulation function showing important significance for treatment of hemorrhage from war injury and surgical openation of heart and chest.

Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Effective Self-Assembly Technology for Preparation of Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/Au Nanoparticles Multilayers.

Novel nanomaterials and nanotechnology for use in bioassay applications represent a rapidly advancing field. This study developed a novel method to fabricate the glucose biosensor with good gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) fixed efficiency based on effective self-assembly technology for preparation of multilayers composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and AuNPs. The electrochemical properties of the biosensor based on (AuNPs/PAH)n/AuNPs/glucose oxide (GOD) with different multilayers were systematically investigated. Among the resulting glucose biosensors, electrochemical properties of the biosensor with three times self-assembly processes ((AuNPs/PAH)3/AuNPs/GOD) is best. The GOD biosensor exhibited a fast amperometric response (5 s) to glucose, a good linear current-time relation over a wide range of glucose concentrations from 0.05 to 162 mM, and a low detection limit of 0.029 mM. The GOD biosensor modified with (AuNPs/PAH)n layers will have essential significance and practical application in future owing to the simple method of fabrication and good performance.

Zwitterionic hyperbranched polyester functionalized cardiovascular stent and its biocompatibility.

Zwitterionic hyperbranched polyester (HBPE) synthesized on bare metal stents (BMS) surface by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) method. The modified BMS obtained was tested for its blood compatibility. The blood compatibility studies were including, platelet adhesion tests, hemolysis assay, morphological changes in RBCs, coagulation tests, PRT assay, complement activation, platelet activation, and the cytotoxicity was also investigated. The modified BMS surface does not cause platelets adherent, red blood cell disruption, hemolysis and does not induce complement and platelets activation. All results indicated that the modified BMS was blood compatible and no cytotoxicity. It has the potential use for biomedical applications.