Structure and distinct supramolecular organization of a PSII-ACPII dimer from a cryptophyte alga Chroomonas placoidea.

Cryptophyte algae are an evolutionarily distinct and ecologically important group of photosynthetic unicellular eukaryotes. Photosystem II (PSII) of cryptophyte algae associates with alloxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (ACPs) to act as the peripheral light-harvesting system, whose supramolecular organization is unknown. Here, we purify the PSII-ACPII supercomplex from a cryptophyte alga Chroomonas placoidea (C. placoidea), and analyze its structure at a resolution of 2.47 Å using cryo-electron microscopy. This structure reveals a dimeric organization of PSII-ACPII containing two PSII core monomers flanked by six symmetrically arranged ACPII subunits. The PSII core is conserved whereas the organization of ACPII subunits exhibits a distinct pattern, different from those observed so far in PSII of other algae and higher plants. Furthermore, we find a Chl a-binding antenna subunit, CCPII-S, which mediates interaction of ACPII with the PSII core. These results provide a structural basis for the assembly of antennas within the supercomplex and possible excitation energy transfer pathways in cryptophyte algal PSII, shedding light on the diversity of supramolecular organization of photosynthetic machinery.

Structure of a unique PSII-Pcb tetrameric megacomplex in a chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium.

Acaryochloris marina is a unique cyanobacterium using chlorophyll d (Chl d) as its major pigment and thus can use far-red light for photosynthesis. Photosystem II (PSII) of A. marina associates with a number of prochlorophyte Chl-binding (Pcb) proteins to act as the light-harvesting system. We report here the cryo-electron microscopic structure of a PSII-Pcb megacomplex from A. marina at a 3.6-angstrom overall resolution and a 3.3-angstrom local resolution. The megacomplex is organized as a tetramer consisting of two PSII core dimers flanked by sixteen symmetrically related Pcb proteins, with a total molecular weight of 1.9 megadaltons. The structure reveals the detailed organization of PSII core consisting of 15 known protein subunits and an unknown subunit, the assembly of 4 Pcb antennas within each PSII monomer, and possible pathways of energy transfer within the megacomplex, providing deep insights into energy transfer and dissipation mechanisms within the PSII-Pcb megacomplex involved in far-red light utilization.

Rescuing SERCA2 pump deficiency improves bone mechano-responsiveness in type 2 diabetes by shaping osteocyte calcium dynamics.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related fragility fractures represent an increasingly tough medical challenge, and the current treatment options are limited. Mechanical loading is essential for maintaining bone integrity, although bone mechano-responsiveness in T2D remains poorly characterized. Herein, we report that exogenous cyclic loading-induced improvements in bone architecture and strength are compromised in both genetically spontaneous and experimentally-induced T2D mice. T2D-induced reduction in bone mechano-responsiveness is directly associated with the weakened Ca2+ oscillatory dynamics of osteocytes, although not those of osteoblasts, which is dependent on PPARα-mediated specific reduction in osteocytic SERCA2 pump expression. Treatment with the SERCA2 agonist istaroxime was demonstrated to improve T2D bone mechano-responsiveness by rescuing osteocyte Ca2+ dynamics and the associated regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Moreover, T2D-induced deterioration of bone mechano-responsiveness is blunted in mice with osteocytic SERCA2 overexpression. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights into T2D-mediated deterioration of bone mechano-responsiveness and identifies a promising countermeasure against T2D-associated fragility fractures.

Utility of the triglyceride-glucose index for predicting restenosis following revascularization surgery for extracranial carotid artery stenosis: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) are effective interventions for treating extracranial carotid artery stenosis (ECAS), but long-term prognosis is limited by postoperative restenosis. Carotid restenosis is defined as carotid stenosis >50% by various examination methods in patients after carotid revascularization. This retrospective cohort study examined the value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for predicting vascular restenosis after carotid revascularization. METHODS: A total of 830 patients receiving CEA (408 cases, 49.2%) or CAS (422 cases, 50.8%) were included in this study. Patients were stratified into three subgroups according to TyG index tertile (high, intermediate, and low), and predictive value for restenosis was evaluated by constructing multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS: Incidence of postoperative restenosis was significantly greater among patients with a high TyG index according to univariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis revealed a progressive increase in restenosis prevalence with rising TyG index. Multivariate Cox regression models also identified TyG index as an independent predictor of restenosis, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that TyG index predicted restenosis with moderate sensitivity (57.24%) and specificity (67.99%) (AUC: 0.619, 95% CI 0.585-0.652, z-statistic=4.745, p<0.001). Addition of the TyG index to an established risk factor model incrementally improved restenosis prediction (AUC: 0.684 (0.651-0.715) vs 0.661 (0.628-0.694), z-statistic =2.027, p = 0.043) with statistical differences. CONCLUSION: The TyG index is positively correlated with vascular restenosis risk after revascularization, which can be used for incremental prediction and has certain predictive value.

Boldine promotes stemness of human urine-derived stem cells by activating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) process self-renewal and multilineage differentiation ability. Due to their non-invasive and easily available clinical source, hUSCs represent a promising alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for application potential in cytotherapy. However, technical limitations, such as stemness property maintenance, have hindered hUSCs' clinical application. Certain some small molecules have been recognized with advantage in maintaining the stemness of stem cells. In this study, we identified stemness-regulated key targets of hUSCs based on the StemCellNet database, CMAP database and literature mining. Furthermore, we identified a small molecule compound, boldine, which may have the potential to promote the stemness of hUSCs. It promotes cell proliferation, multilineage differentiation and maintains stemness of hUSCs by cell viability assay, single-cell clone formation, osteogenic differentiation and stemness marker expression (OCT-4 and C-MYC). We identified that boldine may be a potential GSK-3ß inhibitor by molecular docking and confirmed that it can upregulate the level of ß-catenin and promote translocation of ß-catenin into nucleus of hUSCs using Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Our study indicates boldine activates the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in hUSCs and provides an effective strategy for MSCs research and application of small molecules in maintaining the stemness of hUSCs.

Characteristics of n6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators and role of FTO/TNC in scleroderma.

BACKGROUND: m6A regulators have important roles in a variety of autoimmune diseases, but their potential function in scleroderma, a refractory connective tissue disease, remains unclear. Tenascin C (TNC) is known to be a factor promoting collagen deposition in the development of scleroderma, but the regulatory relationship between TNC and m6A regulators is unknown. METHODS: We extracted GSE33463 data consisting of forty-one healthy controls and sixty-one patients with scleroderma, and we analyzed the expression levels of twenty-one m6A regulators as well as the associations between them. In addition, we obtained random forest (RF) and nomogram models to predict the likehood of scleroderma. Next, we categorized the m6Aclusters and geneclusters by consensus clustering, and we performed an immune cell infiltration analysis for each cluster. Finally, we injected adenoviruses into a bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse model of scleroderma, which was used to overexpress FTO and TNC. We assess the extent of skin fibrosis in the mice samples using pathology stains and measuring their hydroxyproline content and collagen mRNA. RESULTS: We initially identified fourteen differentially expressed m6A regulators (WTAP, RBM15, CBLL1, FTO, ALKBH5, YTHDC1, YTHDC2, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, YTHDF3, RBMX, HNRNPC, IGFBP1 and IGFBP2). We found ALKBH5 to be positively associated with CBLL1 and RBM15, and FTO to be negatively associated with WTAP. In addition, we identified four m6A regulators (CBLL1, IGFBP1, YTHDF2 and IGFBP2) using a RF model, and we designed a nomogram model with those variables that proved reliable according to the calibration curve and clinical impact curve. We found that the m6Acluster A was correlated with Type 1 T helper cell infiltration and the genecluster A was correlated with regulatory T cell infiltration. Finally, we showed that FTO overexpression downregulated the m6A and mRNA levels of TNC, and alleviated skin fibrosis in the mouse model of scleroderma. Thus, our overexpression experiments provide preliminary evidence suggesting that TNC is an adverse factor in scleroderma. CONCLUSION: Our approach might be useful as a new and accurate scleroderma diagnosis method. Moreover, our results suggested that FTO/TNC might be a novel scleroderma therapeutic target.

Cholesterol homeostasis confers glioma malignancy triggered by hnRNPA2B1-dependent regulation of SREBP2 and LDLR.

BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism is a significant characteristic of glioma, yet the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in promoting tumor development and progression. The aim of this study was to determine the key m6A regulatory proteins involved in the progression of glioma, which is potentially associated with the reprogramming of cholesterol homeostasis. METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the association of m6A modification with glioma malignancy from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression datasets. Glioma stem cell (GSC) self-renewal was determined by tumor sphere formation and bioluminescence image assay. RNA sequencing and lipidomic analysis were performed for cholesterol homeostasis analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine hnRNPA2B1-dependent regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA. The methylation status of hnRNPA2B1 promoter was determined by bioinformatic analysis and methylation-specific PCR assay. RESULTS: Among the m6A-regulatory proteins, hnRNPA2B1 was demonstrated the most important independent prognostic risk factor for glioma. hnRNPA2B1 ablation exhibited a significant tumor-suppressive effect on glioma cell proliferation, GSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. hnRNPA2B1 triggers de novo cholesterol synthesis by inducing HMGCR through the stabilization of SREBP2 mRNA. m6A modification of SREBP2 or LDLR mRNA is required for hnRNPA2B1-mediated mRNA stability. The hypomethylation of cg21815882 site on hnRNPA2B1 promoter confers elevated expression of hnRNPA2B1 in glioma tissues. The combination of targeting hnRNPA2B1 and cholesterol metabolism exhibited remarkable antitumor effects, suggesting valuable clinical implications for glioma treatment. CONCLUSIONS: hnRNPA2B1 facilitates cholesterol uptake and de novo synthesis, thereby contributing to glioma stemness and malignancy.

Discovering KYNU as a feature gene in hidradenitis suppurativa.

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic auto-inflammatory skin condition characterized by nodules, abscesses, and fistulae in skin folds. The underlying pathogenesis of HS remains unclear, and effective therapeutic drugs are limited. METHODS: We acquired mRNA expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and conducted differential expression analysis between control and HS samples using R software. Four machine learning algorithms (SVM, RF, ANN, and lasso) and WCGNA were utilized to identify feature genes. GO, KEGG, Metascape, and GSVA were utilized for the enrichment analysis. CIBERSORT and ssGSEA were employed to analyze immune infiltration. RESULTS: A total of 29 DEGs were identified, with the majority showing up-regulation in HS. Enrichment analysis revealed their involvement in immune responses and cytokine activities. KEGG analysis highlighted pathways such as IL-17 signaling, rheumatoid arthritis, and TNF signaling in HS. Immune infiltration analysis revealed the predominant presence of neutrophils, monocytes, and CD8 T cells. Machine learning algorithms and WCGNA identified KYNU as a feature gene associated with HS. We have also identified 59 potential drugs for HS based on the DEGs. Additionally, ceRNA network analysis identified the MUC19_hsa-miR-382-5p_KYNU pathway as a potential regulatory pathway. CONCLUSIONS: KYNU emerged as a feature gene associated with HS, and the ceRNA network analysis identified the MUC19_hsa-miR-382-5p_KYNU pathway as a potential regulator.

A study of grief experience interviews with family members of patients with advanced malignant tumors based on noninvasive death index monitoring.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the grief experiences of family members of patients with advanced malignant tumors before and after death. METHODS: This study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. A total of 10 people with family members with terminal malignant tumors were chosen and assessed five times according to a specific non-invasive mortality index and the Distress Thermometer scale. Additionally, the participants attended an in-depth interview. RESULTS: The grief experiences of the bereaved included their knowledge of and attitude towards death, the physical and mental conditions of the family members of patients in the terminal stage, the needs of family members, and the response to death and growth of those family members. CONCLUSIONS: The grief experience interviews of family members of patients with advanced malignant tumors are universal. It is suggested that the nursing staff should pay attention to the emotional experience of the bereaved after the death of the patient throughout the whole nursing process, including the continuous follow-up during the home period. It is hoped that the implementation of grief counseling methods in the later stage can help the bereaved to successfully go through the grieving period, prevent grief disorders, and help them return to society.

Multifunctional Polymer Vesicles for Synergistic Antibiotic-Antioxidant Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis.

As an acute ophthalmic infection, bacterial keratitis (BK) can lead to severe visual morbidity, such as corneal perforation, intraocular infection, and permanent corneal opacity, if rapid and effective treatments are not available. In addition to eradicating pathogenic bacteria, protecting corneal tissue from oxidative damage and promoting wound healing by relieving inflammation are equally critical for the efficient treatment of BK. Besides, it is very necessary to improve the bioavailability of drugs by enhancing the ocular surface adhesion and corneal permeability. In this investigation, therefore, a synergistic antibiotic-antioxidant treatment of BK was achieved based on multifunctional block copolymer vesicles, within which ciprofloxacin (CIP) was simultaneously encapsulated during the self-assembly. Due to the phenylboronic acid residues in the corona layer, these vesicles exhibited enhanced muco-adhesion, deep corneal epithelial penetration, and bacteria-targeting, which facilitated the drug delivery to corneal bacterial infection sites. Additionally, the abundant thioether moieties in the hydrophobic membrane enabled the vesicles to both have ROS-scavenging capacity and accelerated CIP release at the inflammatory corneal tissue. In vivo experiments on a mice model demonstrated that the multifunctional polymer vesicles achieved efficient treatment of BK, owing to the enhanced corneal adhesion and penetration, bacteria targeting, ROS-triggered CIP release, and the combined antioxidant-antibiotic therapy. This synergistic strategy holds great potential in the treatment of BK and other diseases associated with bacterial infections.

The potential role of RNA modification in skin diseases, as well as the recent advances in its detection methods and therapeutic agents.

RNA modification is considered as an epigenetic modification that plays an indispensable role in biological processes such as gene expression and genome editing without altering nucleotide sequence, but the molecular mechanism of RNA modification has not been discussed systematically in the development of skin diseases. This article mainly presents the whole picture of theoretical achievements on the potential role of RNA modification in dermatology. Furthermore, this article summarizes the latest advances in clinical practice related with RNA modification, including its detection methods and drug development. Based on this comprehensive review, we aim to illustrate the current blind spots and future directions of RNA modification, which may provide new insights for researchers in this field.

Seeded RAFT Polymerization-Induced Self-assembly: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities.

Over the past decade, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has fully proved its versatility for scale-up production of block copolymer nanoparticles with tunable sizes and morphologies; yet, there are still some limitations. Recently, seeded PISA approaches combing PISA with heterogeneous seeded polymerizations have been greatly explored and are expected to overcome the limitations of traditional PISA. In this review, recent advances in seeded PISA that have expanded new horizons for PISA are highlighted including i) general considerations for seeded PISA (e.g., kinetics, the preparation of seeds, the selection of monomers), ii) morphological evolution induced by seeded PISA (e.g., from corona-shell-core nanoparticles to vesicles, vesicles-to-toroid, disassembly of vesicles into nanospheres), and iii) various well-defined nanoparticles with hierarchical and sophisticated morphologies (e.g., multicompartment micelles, porous vesicles, framboidal vesicles, AXn -type colloidal molecules). Finally, new insights into seeded PISA and future perspectives are proposed.

Rapid Detection of Streptococcus mutans Using an Integrated Microfluidic System with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

Streptococcus mutans is the primary causative agent of caries, which is one of the most common human diseases. Thus, rapid and early detection of cariogenic bacteria is critical for its prevention. This study investigated the combination of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and microfluid technology to quantitatively detect S. mutans. A low-cost, rapid microfluidic chip using LAMP technology was developed to amplify and detect bacteria at 2.2-2.2 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml and its detection limits were compared to those of standard polymerase chain reaction. A visualization system was established to quantitatively determine the experimental results, and a functional relationship between the bacterial concentration and quantitative results was established. The detection limit of S. mutans using this microfluidic chip was 2.2 CFU/ml, which was lower than that of the standard approach. After quantification, the experimental results showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of S. mutans, thereby confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the custom-made integrated LAMP microfluidic system for the detection of S. mutans. The microfluidic system described herein may represent a promising simple detection method for the specific and rapid testing of individuals at risk of caries.

BCR-ABL triggers a glucose-dependent survival program during leukemogenesis through the suppression of TXNIP.

Imatinib is highly effective in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but the primary and acquired imatinib resistance remains the big hurdle. Molecular mechanisms for CML resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, beyond point mutations in BCR-ABL kinase domain, still need to be addressed. Here, we demonstrated that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a novel BCR-ABL target gene. Suppression of TXNIP was responsible for BCR-ABL triggered glucose metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, Miz-1/P300 complex transactivates TXNIP through the recognition of TXNIP core promoter region, responding to the c-Myc suppression by either imatinib or BCR-ABL knockdown. TXNIP restoration sensitizes CML cells to imatinib treatment and compromises imatinib resistant CML cell survival, predominantly through the blockage of both glycolysis and glucose oxidation which results in the mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP production. In particular, TXNIP suppresses expressions of the key glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase 2 (HK2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), potentially through Fbw7-dependent c-Myc degradation. In accordance, BCR-ABL suppression of TXNIP provided a novel survival pathway for the transformation of mouse bone marrow cells. Knockout of TXNIP accelerated BCR-ABL transformation, whereas TXNIP overexpression suppressed this transformation. Combination of drug inducing TXNIP expression with imatinib synergistically kills CML cells from patients and further extends the survival of CML mice. Thus, the activation of TXNIP represents an effective strategy for CML treatment to overcome resistance.

Structural insights into a unique PSI-LHCI-LHCII-Lhcb9 supercomplex from moss Physcomitrium patens.

Photosystem I (PSI) possesses a variable supramolecular organization among different photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different light environments. Mosses are evolutionary intermediates that diverged from aquatic green algae and evolved into land plants. The moss Physcomitrium patens (P. patens) has a light-harvesting complex (LHC) superfamily more diverse than those of green algae and higher plants. Here, we solved the structure of a PSI-LHCI-LHCII-Lhcb9 supercomplex from P. patens at 2.68 Å resolution using cryo-electron microscopy. This supercomplex contains one PSI-LHCI, one phosphorylated LHCII trimer, one moss-specific LHC protein, Lhcb9, and one additional LHCI belt with four Lhca subunits. The complete structure of PsaO was observed in the PSI core. One Lhcbm2 in the LHCII trimer interacts with PSI core through its phosphorylated N terminus, and Lhcb9 mediates assembly of the whole supercomplex. The complicated pigment arrangement provided important information for possible energy-transfer pathways from the peripheral antennae to the PSI core.

Glucose- and glutamine-dependent bioenergetics sensitize bone mechanoresponse after unloading by modulating osteocyte calcium dynamics.

Disuse osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease resulting from skeletal unloading (e.g., during extended bed rest, limb immobilization, and spaceflight), and the slow and insufficient bone recovery during reambulation remains an unresolved medical challenge. Here, we demonstrated that loading-induced increase in bone architecture/strength was suppressed in skeletons previously exposed to unloading. This reduction in bone mechanosensitivity was directly associated with attenuated osteocytic Ca2+ oscillatory dynamics. The unloading-induced compromised osteocytic Ca2+ response to reloading resulted from the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis-mediated increase in glycolysis, and a subsequent reduction in ATP synthesis. HIF-1α also transcriptionally induced substantial glutaminase 2 expression and thereby glutamine addiction in osteocytes. Inhibition of glycolysis by blockade of PDK1 or glutamine supplementation restored the mechanosensitivity in those skeletons with previous unloading by fueling the tricarboxylic acid cycle and rescuing subsequent Ca2+ oscillations in osteocytes. Thus, we provide mechanistic insight into disuse-induced deterioration of bone mechanosensitivity and a promising therapeutic approach to accelerate bone recovery after long-duration disuse.

Hedgehog pathway is negatively regulated during the development of Drosophila melanogaster PheRS-m (Drosophila homologs gene of human FARS2) mutants.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a neurodegeneration disease, one of the reasons is caused by autosomal recessive missense mutation of the karyogene that encodes phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (FARS2). However, the molecular mechanism underlying FARS2-mediated HSP progression is unknown. Mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase gene (PheRS-m) is the Drosophila melanogaster homolog gene of human FARS2. This study constructed a Drosophila HSP missense mutation model and a PheRS-m knockout model. Some of the mutant fly phenotypes included developmental delay, shortened lifespan, wing-structure abnormalities and decreased mobility. RNA-sequencing results revealed a relationship between abnormal phenotypes and the hedgehog (Hh) pathway. A qRT-PCR assay was used to determine the key genes (ptc, hib, and slmb) of the Hh pathway that exhibited increased expression during different developmental stages. We demonstrated that Hh signaling transduction is negatively regulated during the developmental stages of PheRS-m mutants but positively regulated during adulthood. By inducing the agonist and inhibitor of Hh pathway in PheRS-m larvae, the developmental delay in mutants can be partly salvaged or postponed. Collectively, our findings indicate that Hh signaling negatively regulates the development of PheRS-m mutants, subsequently leading to developmental delay.

The influence of parenting style and coping behavior on nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in different genders based on path analysis.

Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors-an important factor that profoundly affects the physical and mental health of young people-are induced by complex and diverse factors, while showing significant differences at the gender level. We examined mediating behaviors among parenting styles, students' coping styles, and endogenous and exogenous influencing variables of adolescents' NSSI behaviors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Secondary school students in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China (n = 2,689; F/M:1532/1157) were surveyed for basic attributes, parenting styles, coping styles, and NSSI behaviors. After the initial screening of the sample data, several external derivatives were screened based on the single factor analysis method. On this basis, the construction of path analysis models under multivariate multiple elicitations was carried out. Results: The overall prevalence of NSSI was 15.16%, and the incidence of NSSI in boys was lower than that in girls (OR = 0.334, 95% CI [0.235-0.474]). The path analysis model data fit well; the indicators of female and male part are: CFI = 0.913/0.923, GFI = 0.964/0.977, SRMR = 0.055/0.047, RMSEA = 0.097/0.069 with 90% confidence interval (CI) [0.084-0.111]/[0.054-0.084]. For female, when negative coping style and extreme education affect NSSI respectively, the standardized path coefficient values are 0.478 (z = 20.636, P = 0.000 < 0.01) and 0.151 (z = 6.524, P = 0.000 < 0.01) respectively, while for male, the corresponding values become 0.225 (z = 7.057, P < 0.001) and 0.104 (z = 3.262, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In particular, we investigated the mediating effects of gender-specific NSSI influences and found that NSSI behaviors were strongly associated with environmental variables and individual factors, especially family parenting style and adolescent coping style, which influenced NSSI in a gender-specific manner. The results showed that males were the target of both positive and negative parenting styles, whereas females were more likely to choose negative coping styles directed towards emotions in response to external stimuli, and instead showed a more significant predisposition towards NSSI behaviors. This phenomenon seems to be influenced by multilevel factors such as sociocultural, individual value identity, and physiological structure differences. In the path analysis model with the introduction of mediating effects, the influence of gender differences on NSSI behavior becomes more pronounced under the interaction of multiple factors: women seem to be more significantly influenced by the external derivatives in the internal derivatives than male subjects, and are more likely to trigger NSSI behavior under the interaction of multiple factors. These findings effectively reveal the significant role of different end-influencing factors in NSSI behaviors at the level of gender differences, which can provide effective theoretical support to prevent and treat NSSI behaviors in adolescents.

The advances in the regulation of immune microenvironment by Candida albicans and macrophage cross-talk.

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most common causative agent of invasive fungal infections in hospitals. The body defends against and eliminates C. albicans infection by various mechanisms of immune response, and the latter mechanism of immune evasion is a major challenge in the clinical management of C. albicans infection. The role of macrophages in combating C. albicans infection has only recently been recognized, but the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review focuses on the interaction between C. albicans and macrophages (macrophages), which causes the body to generate an immune response or C. albicans immune escape, and then regulates the body's immune microenvironment, to explore the effect of C. albicans virulence resistance vs. macrophage killing and clarify the role and mechanism of C. albicans pathogenesis. In general, a thorough understanding of the molecular principles driving antifungal drug resistance is essential for the development of innovative treatments that can counteract both existing and emerging fungal threats.

Regenerative cerium oxide nanozymes alleviate oxidative stress for efficient dry eye disease treatment.

Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common eye disease in ophthalmic consultation except for refractive errors. Therefore, an exploration of valid and alternative therapeutic interventions is essential to feed the urgent medical need. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress causes multiple adverse effects in the pathogenesis of DED, thence alleviating oxidative stress is an effective therapeutic strategy for the DED treatment. Herein, we developed a cerium oxide nanozyme combined with branched poly(ethylene imine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (bPEI-g-PEG). Owing to its stable hydrophilic chains on the surface reducing the cytotoxicity and loads of amines groups that be combined with cerium ions through coordination bonds, the modified nanozymes (referred to as CNP@bPEI-g-PEG) are water soluble and highly biocompatible. Meanwhile, due to its excellent antioxidant activity, CNP@bPEI-g-PEG nanozymes can mimic the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Experimental studies firmly demonstrated that the modified nanozymes were auto-regenerative and more active in scavenging excessive ROS and alleviating oxidative stress by cerium-element valence state recycling, recovering the morphology of corneal, conjunctival epithelium and the number of goblet cells. The advanced combination may offer a superior therapeutic strategy to deal with oxidative stress for effective treatment of DED.