A nomogram and risk stratification system for predicting survival in T1-2N0-1 breast cancer patients with liver metastasis in females: a population-based study.

PURPOSE: Liver was one of the most common distant metastatic sites in breast cancer. Patients with distant metastasis were identified as American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV indicating poor prognosis. However, few studies have predicted the survival in females with T1-2N0-1 breast cancer who developed liver metastasis. This study aimed to explore the clinical features of these patients and establish a nomogram to predict their overall survival. RESULTS: 1923 patients were randomly divided into training (n = 1154) and validation (n = 769) cohorts. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age, marital status, race, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), chemotherapy, surgery and bone metastasis, brain metastasis were considered the independent prognostic indicators. We developed a nomogram according to these ten parameters. The consistency index (c-index) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval CI 0.70-0.74) in the training cohort, 0.72 (95% CI 0.69-0.74) in the validation cohort. Calibration plots indicated that the nomogram-predicted survival was consistent with the recorded 1-, 3- and 5-year prognoses. Decision curve analysis curves in both the training and validation cohorts demonstrated that the nomogram showed better prediction than the AJCC TNM (8th) staging system. Kaplan Meier curve based on the risk stratification system showed that the low-risk group had a better prognosis than the high-risk group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A predictive nomogram and risk stratification system were constructed to assess prognosis in T1-2N0-1 breast cancer patients with liver metastasis in females. The risk model established in this study had good predictive performance and could provide personalized clinical decision-making for future clinical work.

Innate immune dynamics in the context of multisite EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma.

Based on favorable outcomes and decreased propensity for lymph node and distant metastasis, multiple ground-glass nodules (GGNs) are now predominantly recognized as early-stage primary independent lung cancer. In this study, we discuss a case involving a patient with reoperative multifocal GGNs who was ultimately diagnosed with early multiple intrapulmonary metastases and multifocal primary lung cancers. This patient exhibited multisite epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, including the classical L858R, exon 19 deletion and the rare V834L variant. Despite a high tumor burden and the presence of various EGFR driver mutations, the patient experienced prolonged dormancy and exceptionally slow lesion growth, even without any systemic treatment. Our research indicates that the patient's immune response against the tumor remained robust throughout the disease course. Furthermore, we found that pathways associated with integrin-mediated cell extracellular matrix adhesion played a role in activating her innate immune responses and regulating tumor dormancy. Our findings suggest that the interplay between cancer cell mutations and the tumor microenvironment (TME) phenotype during tumor evolution contributed to this patient's prolonged survival. Integrating these aspects for lung tumor stratification is expected to improve predictions of growth potential and aid in clinical decision making.

The mechanism of purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract to reduce the digestion rate and improve the starch digestion characteristics based on dough system.

Current studies have predominantly focused on the in vitro interactions between starch and anthocyanins, neglecting the complexity of actual food composition systems. In this study, purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract (PSPAE)-dough mixture was constructed with the aim of refining the mechanism by which anthocyanins improved starch digestive properties. Animal experiments demonstrated that the dough containing PSPAE (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced peak blood glucose levels in mice by 39.69 %. Further analysis of the dough mixture properties-including texture, particle size, pasting characteristics, microstructure, infrared spectrum, and crystallinity-helped elucidate how PSPAE impedes starch digestion. The incorporation of 600 mg of PSPAE into the dough led to a 40.45 % reduction in the volume mean diameter compared to the blank dough. Textural and microstructural examinations suggested that PSPAE obstruct the interaction forces between starch molecules by filling gluten protein pores or wrapping starch molecules. This denser microstructure likely contributes to enhanced starch resistance. Additionally, alterations in dough crystallinity revealed that PSPAE encourages the reorganization of linear starch molecules, boosting the content of resistant starch and thereby reducing starch digestibility. This study enriches the mechanism of PSPAE in ameliorating diabetes symptoms and provides theoretical insights for the development of functional foods aimed at diabetes management.

RNA m6A modification regulates cell fate transition between pluripotent stem cells and 2-cell-like cells.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) exerts essential roles in early embryos, especially in the maternal-to-zygotic transition stage. However, the landscape and roles of RNA m6A modification during the transition between pluripotent stem cells and 2-cell-like (2C-like) cells remain elusive. Here, we utilised ultralow-input RNA m6A immunoprecipitation to depict the dynamic picture of transcriptome-wide m6A modifications during 2C-like transitions. We found that RNA m6A modification was preferentially enriched in zygotic genome activation (ZGA) transcripts and MERVL with high expression levels in 2C-like cells. During the exit of the 2C-like state, m6A facilitated the silencing of ZGA genes and MERVL. Notably, inhibition of m6A methyltransferase METTL3 and m6A reader protein IGF2BP2 is capable of significantly delaying 2C-like state exit and expanding 2C-like cells population. Together, our study reveals the critical roles of RNA m6A modification in the transition between 2C-like and pluripotent states, facilitating the study of totipotency and cell fate decision in the future.

A Least-Square Unified Framework for Spatial Filtering in SSVEP-Based BCIs.

The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has become one of the most prominent BCI paradigms with high information transfer rate, and has been widely applied in rehabilitation and assistive applications. This paper proposes a least-square (LS) unified framework to summarize the correlation analysis (CA)-based SSVEP spatial filtering methods from a machine learning perspective. Within this framework, the commonalities and differences between various spatial filtering methods appear apparent, the interpretation of computational factors becomes intuitive, and spatial filters can be determined by solving a generalized optimization problem with non-linear and regularization items. Moreover, the proposed LS framework provides the foundation of utilizing the knowledge behind these spatial filtering methods in further classification/regression model designs. Through a comparative analysis of existing representative spatial filtering methods, recommendations are made for the superior and robust design strategies. These recommended strategies are further integrated to fill the research gaps and demonstrate the ability of the proposed LS framework to promote algorithmic improvements, resulting in five new spatial filtering methods. This study could offer significant insights in understanding the relationships between various design strategies in the spatial filtering methods from the machine learning perspective, and would also contribute to the development of the SSVEP recognition methods with high performance.

Circulating tumor DNA assisting lymphoma genetic feature profiling and identification.

INTRODUCTION: Lymphoma tissue biopsies cannot fully capture genetic features due to accessibility and heterogeneity. We aimed to assess the applicability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for genomic profiling and disease surveillance in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: Tumor tissue and/or liquid biopsies of 49 cHLs, 32 PMBCLs, and 74 DLBCLs were subject to next-generation sequencing targeting 475 genes. The concordance of genetic aberrations in ctDNA and paired tissues was investigated, followed by elevating ctDNA-based mutational landscapes and the correlation between ctDNA dynamics and radiological response/progression. RESULTS: ctDNA exhibited high concordance with tissue samples in cHL (78%), PMBCL (84%), and DLBCL (78%). In cHL, more unique mutations were detected in ctDNA than in tissue biopsies (P < 0.01), with higher variant allele frequencies (P < 0.01). Distinct genomic features in cHL, PMBCL, and DLBCL, including STAT6, SOCS1, BTG2, and PIM1 alterations, could be captured by ctDNA alone. Prevalent PD-L1/PD-L2 amplifications were associated with more concomitant alterations in PMBCL (P < 0.01). Moreover, ctDNA fluctuation could reflect treatment responses and indicate relapse before imaging diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoma genomic profiling by ctDNA was concordant with that by tumor tissues. ctDNA might also be applied in lymphoma surveillance.

Structure and Bioactivity of Intracellular and Extracellular Polysaccharides of Trametes lactinea Mycelium.

Trametes lactinea polysaccharides have a high medicinal value; however, we still know little about the structure and bioactivity of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides in the mycelial liquid fermentation of T. lactinea. This study analyzed the structures of intracellular (IP-1, IP-2, and IP-3) and extracellular (EP-1 and EP-2) polysaccharide components isolated from T. lactinea liquid fermentation, as well as investigated their antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties. The results showed that IP-3 was the only component with a triple-helix structure, while the other four components did not possess this structure. IP3 has a higher molecular weight, flavonoid, and total phenolic content compared to other components. Both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharide components exhibited strong scavenging abilities against ABTS and DPPH radicals. The components showed limited antibacterial effects against four types of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia carotovora, and Escherichia coli), and were found to be non-toxic to RAW264.7 cells, even promoting cell proliferation. Furthermore, within a specific concentration range, all components enhanced the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells, increased the secretion of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, and demonstrated concentration-dependent effects, with IP-3 displaying the most potent immunomodulatory activity. This study shows a high potential for the development and utilization of polysaccharides derived from the liquid fermentation of T. lactinea mycelium.

Frailty and all-cause and cancer-related mortality in cancer patients: A prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the associations between frailty and all-cause and cancer-related mortality. Additionally, the objective is to compare the magnitude of these associations between older adults and younger adults. METHODS: We gathered baseline data from NHANES (1999-2018) and developed a cumulative index consisting of 39 items to evaluate frailty. The National Death Index database was utilized to track the survival status of individuals. The Cox regression model was employed to estimate the associations between frailty status and all-cause and cancer-related mortality. RESULTS: Ultimately, 3398 cancer patients were included in the analysis, comprising 910 younger adults and 2488 older adults. Compared to non-frail patients, the elevated all-cause and cancer-related mortality among pre-frail patients was not statistically significant (HRs = 1.312, 95%CI: 0.956-1.800, P = 0.092; HRs = 1.462, 0.811-2.635, P = 0.207). However, a significant elevation of both all-cause and cancer-related mortality risk was observed among frail patients (HRs = 2.213, 1.617-3.030, P < 0.001; HRs = 2.463, 95%CI = 1.370-4.429, P = 0.003). Frailty individuals demonstrated a more pronounced association with the prediction of all-cause mortality in younger (HRs = 2.230, 1.073-4.634, P = 0.032) than in older adults (HRs = 2.090, 1.475-2.960, P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis consistently revealed robust results. RCS plots suggested a progressively escalating dose-response correlation between frailty and both all-cause and cancer-related mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-frailty did not result in an increase in mortality risks compared to non-frailty. However, frailty caused a higher all-cause and cancer-related mortality risk than non-frailty. Identifying those at risk and implementing targeted interventions may contribute to extending healthy life expectancy, regardless of age.

Poly(2,2'-Bibenzimidazole)-Supported Iridium Complex: A Recyclable Metal-Polymer Ligand Bifunctional Catalyst for the N-Methylation of Amines with Methanol.

The design and development of new types of catalysts is one of the most important topics for modern chemistry. Herein, a polymer-supported iridium complex Cp*Ir@Poly(2,2'-BiBzIm) was designed and synthesized by the coordinative immobilization of [Cp*IrCl2]2 on 2,2'-bibenzimidazoles. In the presence of the catalyst (0.5 mol % Ir) and Cs2CO3 (0.3 equiv), a variety of N-methylated amines were obtained in high yields with complete selectivity. More importantly, the catalyst could be recycled without an obvious loss of activity for six cycles. Apparently, the designed catalyst combines the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.

Effect of excessive internet gaming on inhibitory control based on resting EEG and ERP.

Previous research indicates that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) show impaired inhibitory control and abnormal EEG/ERP patterns. However, it is unclear how those individuals with excessive Internet game use (EUG) but without addiction differ. This study examined inhibitory control, resting EEG, and ERP in EUG gamers compared to non-gamers. Fifteen participants in each group underwent 4-min eyes-closed EEG recordings and a color-word Stroop task. Results showed no significant differences in reaction time, accuracy, or P3 amplitude between EUG gamers and non-gamers. However, EUG gamers exhibited shortened P3 latency, which may suggest enhanced inhibitory control. Additionally, EUG gamers showed reduced theta and alpha band power during the resting state compared to non-gamers. These findings suggest that excessive gaming without addiction may enhance inhibitory control and influence brain activity differently from IGD.

Efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept for moderate to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) in treating moderate to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), with or without accompanying diabetic macular edema. Methods: In this longitudinal retrospective study, 35 patients (50 eyes) with moderate to severe NPDR and Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS) scores between 43 and 53 were treated at the Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, from October 2018 to January 2023. Treatment protocol included three monthly IVC injections followed by a pro re nata (PRN) regimen over a two-year follow-up period. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, central macular thickness (CMT), extent of hard exudate (HE), and changes in DRSS scores. DRSS scores before and after treatment were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Both systemic and ocular adverse events were meticulously documented to ascertain safety. Results: From baseline to the final follow-up, the mean BCVA improved from 0.41 ± 0.39 to 0.23 ± 0.20 logMAR (p<0.05). The mean CMT decreased from 306.22 ± 77.40 to 297.97 ± 88.15 µm (p = 0.385). At 24 months, DRSS scores improved by ≥1 stage in 40 eyes (80%), ≥ 2 stages in 28 eyes (56%), ≥3 stages in 10 eyes (20%), and remained stable in 6 eyes (12%). The DRSS scores at each follow-up interval demonstrated statistically significant improvement from baseline (p<0.05). In 15 of 27 eyes (55.56%) with diabetic macular edema (DME), there was a significant reduction in the mean area of HE from baseline (p<0.05). No serious systemic adverse events were observed. Conclusion: IVC is an effective and safe treatment for moderate to severe NPDR, demonstrating significant improvements in DRSS scores.

The risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment characteristics in eight mental disorders: A UK Biobank observational study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The cognitive impairment patterns and the association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in mental disorders remain poorly understood. METHODS: We analyzed data from 486,297 UK Biobank participants, categorizing them by mental disorder history to identify the risk of AD and the cognitive impairment characteristics. Causation was further assessed using Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS: AD risk was higher in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD; hazard ratio [HR] = 2.37, P < 0.01) and major depressive disorder (MDD; HR = 1.63, P < 0.001). MR confirmed a causal link between BD and AD (ORIVW = 1.098), as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and AD (ORIVW = 1.050). Cognitive impairments varied, with BD and schizophrenia showing widespread deficits, and OCD affecting complex task performance. DISCUSSION: Observational study and MR provide consistent evidence that mental disorders are independent risk factors for AD. Mental disorders exhibit distinct cognitive impairment prior to dementia, indicating the potential different mechanisms in AD pathogenesis. Early detection of these impairments in mental disorders is crucial for AD prevention. HIGHLIGHTS: This is the most comprehensive study that investigates the risk and causal relationships between a history of mental disorders and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), alongside exploring the cognitive impairment characteristics associated with different mental disorders. Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) exhibited the highest risk of developing AD (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.37, P < 0.01), followed by those with major depressive disorder (MDD; HR = 1.63, P < 0.001). Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) showed a borderline higher risk of AD (HR = 2.36, P = 0.056). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) confirmed a causal association between BD and AD (ORIVW = 1.098, P < 0.05), as well as AD family history (proxy-AD, ORIVW = 1.098, P < 0.001), and kept significant after false discovery rate correction. MR also identified a nominal significant causal relationship between the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) spectrum and AD (ORIVW = 1.050, P < 0.05). Individuals with SCZ, BD, and MDD exhibited impairments in multiple cognitive domains with distinct patterns, whereas those with OCD showed only slight declines in complex tasks.

Outer membrane vesicles from genetically engineered Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium presenting Helicobacter pylori antigens UreB and CagA induce protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in mice.

Helicobacter pylori causes globally prevalent infections that are highly related to chronic gastritis and even development of gastric carcinomas. With the increase of antibiotic resistance, scientists have begun to search for better vaccine design strategies to eradicate H. pylori colonization. However, while current strategies prefer to formulate vaccines with a single H. pylori antigen, their potential has not yet been fully realized. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are a potential platform since they could deliver multiple antigens. In this study, we engineered three crucial H. pylori antigen proteins (UreB, CagA, and VacA) onto the surface of OMVs derived from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) mutant strains using the hemoglobin protease (Hbp) autotransporter system. In various knockout strategies, we found that OMVs isolated from the ΔrfbP ΔfliC ΔfljB ΔompA mutants could cause distinct increases in immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) levels and effectively trigger T helper 1- and 17-biased cellular immune responses, which perform a vital role in protecting against H. pylori. Next, OMVs derived from ΔrfbP ΔfliC ΔfljB ΔompA mutants were used as a vector to deliver different combinations of H. pylori antigens. The antibody and cytokine levels and challenge experiments in mice model indicated that co-delivering UreB and CagA could protect against H. pylori and antigen-specific T cell responses. In summary, OMVs derived from the S. Typhimurium ΔrfbP ΔfliC ΔfljB ΔompA mutant strain as the vector while importing H. pylori UreB and CagA as antigenic proteins using the Hbp autotransporter system would greatly benefit controlling H. pylori infection.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), as a novel antigen delivery platform, has been used in vaccine design for various pathogens and even tumors. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), as a bacterium that is easy to engineer and has both adjuvant efficacy and immune stimulation capacity, has become the preferred bacterial vector for purifying OMVs after Escherichia coli. This study focuses on the design of Helicobacter pylori ;(H. pylori) vaccines, utilizing genetically modified Salmonella OMVs to present several major antigens of H. pylori, including UreB, VacA and CagA. The optimal Salmonella OMV delivery vector and antigen combinations are screened and identified, providing new ideas for the development of H. pylori vaccines and an integrated antigen delivery platform for other difficult to develop vaccines for bacteria, viruses, and even tumors.

Selective N-Alkylation of Aminobenzenesulfonamides with Alcohols for the Synthesis of Amino-(N-alkyl)benzenesulfonamides Catalyzed by a Metal-Ligand Bifunctional Ruthenium Catalyst.

[(p-Cymene)Ru(2,2'-bpyO)(H2O)] was proven to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amino-(N-alkyl)benzenesulfonamides via selective N-alkylation of aminobenzenesulfonamides with alcohols. It was confirmed that functional groups in the bpy ligand are crucial for the activity of catalysts. Furthermore, the utilization of this catalytic system for the preparation of a biologically active compound was presented.

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation in people with autoimmune skin diseases.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) such as psoriasis and vitiligo, in addition to causing visible skin symptoms, are closely associated with psychological health issues. However, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of these psychological comorbidities in affected individuals is lacking. This study aims to identify the prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation in people with ASDs. METHOD: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted from 1993 to May 2024. Observational studies reporting prevalence data for anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation among people with ASDs were included in the analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies. RESULTS: The study included 114 studies from 37 countries including 823,975 participants. The estimated pooled prevalence of anxiety in patients with ASDs was 33.3% (95% CI: 27.3-29.3%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression was 33.7% (95% CI: 29.2-38.1%). The estimated pooled prevalence of sleeping problems was 45.0% (95% CI:31.6-58.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment and suicidal ideation was 30.8% (95% CI:15.0-46.7%) and 21.6% (95% CI:13.4-29.8%), respectively. The most common mental disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems at 55.9% (95% CI: 35.6-76.1%, I2 = 97%) and 39.0% (95% CI: 21.1-56.9%, I2 = 99%). CONCLUSION: Among patients with ASDs, anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation were common. The most prevalent mental disorder among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems. Those with ASDs may experience considerable psychological burdens, and integrated mental health support is necessary for their treatment.

Study Protocol: Global Research Initiative on the Neurophysiology of Schizophrenia (GRINS) project.

BACKGROUND: Objective and quantifiable markers are crucial for developing novel therapeutics for mental disorders by 1) stratifying clinically similar patients with different underlying neurobiological deficits and 2) objectively tracking disease trajectory and treatment response. Schizophrenia is often confounded with other psychiatric disorders, especially bipolar disorder, if based on cross-sectional symptoms. Awake and sleep EEG have shown promise in identifying neurophysiological differences as biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, most previous studies, while useful, were conducted in European and American populations, had small sample sizes, and utilized varying analytic methods, limiting comprehensive analyses or generalizability to diverse human populations. Furthermore, the extent to which wake and sleep neurophysiology metrics correlate with each other and with symptom severity or cognitive impairment remains unresolved. Moreover, how these neurophysiological markers compare across psychiatric conditions is not well characterized. The utility of biomarkers in clinical trials and practice would be significantly advanced by well-powered transdiagnostic studies. The Global Research Initiative on the Neurophysiology of Schizophrenia (GRINS) project aims to address these questions through a large, multi-center cohort study involving East Asian populations. To promote transparency and reproducibility, we describe the protocol for the GRINS project. METHODS: The research procedure consists of an initial screening interview followed by three subsequent sessions: an introductory interview, an evaluation visit, and an overnight neurophysiological recording session. Data from multiple domains, including demographic and clinical characteristics, behavioral performance (cognitive tasks, motor sequence tasks), and neurophysiological metrics (both awake and sleep electroencephalography), are collected by research groups specialized in each domain. CONCLUSION: Pilot results from the GRINS project demonstrate the feasibility of this study protocol and highlight the importance of such research, as well as its potential to study a broader range of patients with psychiatric conditions. Through GRINS, we are generating a valuable dataset across multiple domains to identify neurophysiological markers of schizophrenia individually and in combination. By applying this protocol to related mental disorders often confounded with each other, we can gather information that offers insight into the neurophysiological characteristics and underlying mechanisms of these severe conditions, informing objective diagnosis, stratification for clinical research, and ultimately, the development of better-targeted treatment matching in the clinic.

Marine aquaculture can deliver 40% lower carbon footprints than freshwater aquaculture based on feed, energy and biogeochemical cycles.

Freshwater aquaculture is an increasingly important source of blue foods but produces substantial methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Marine aquaculture, also known as mariculture, is a smaller sector with a large growth potential, but its climate impacts are challenging to accurately quantify. Here we assess the greenhouse gas emissions from mariculture's aquatic environment in global potentially suitable areas at 10 km resolution on the basis of marine biogeochemical cycles, greenhouse gas measurements from research cruises and satellite-observed net primary productivity. Mariculture's aquatic emissions intensities are estimated to be 1-6 g CH4 kg-1 carcass weight and 0.05-0.2 g N2O kg-1 carcass weight, >98% and >80% lower than freshwater systems. Using a life-cycle assessment approach, we show that mariculture's carbon footprints are ~40% lower than those of freshwater aquaculture based on feed, energy use and the aquatic environment emissions. Adoption of mariculture alongside freshwater aquaculture production could offer considerable climate benefits to meet future dietary protein and nutritional needs.