Maxillofacial defects following road traffic accidents should be included in the disability spectrum.

In India, 21.20% of annual road traffic accidents (RTA) result in maxillofacial injuries, with most victims being young adults aged 18-45 years. Such RTAs cause personal losses to individuals and families and adversely impact the country's health system facilities. These losses result from the expenses for medical care, lost wages for individuals who are rendered unable to work, and lost productivity for family members who must miss work or school in order to care for the injured. Most nations lose 3% of their gross domestic product to road accidents. RTA injuries, often associated with severe morbidity, cause functional impairments and have immense psychological impact. Rehabilitating these patients and their future treatment needs constitute an economic burden to themselves and their families, more so in a developing country like India, where a majority of the population cannot afford the treatment costs and lack health insurance coverage. These injuries therefore, as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health 2001, fall within the ambit of impairment and disability. However, Indian law does not identify maxillofacial injuries and the ensuing trauma as disabilities. Addressing this could be an important step towards improvement in the care and compensation provided to survivors of such life changing accidents.

An Assessment of the Accuracy of Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion: An In Vivo Comparative Analysis of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Proportion With Chu's Gauge and Custom-Made Calipers.

Smile designing, in harmony with nature, has always been a challenge in dentistry. Several theories have been proposed in the past with a view to replicate an esthetic smile. One such method proposed by Dr. Chu involves using the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion. He designed a scale for calculating the average values for the height and width of upper anterior teeth for a specified population. However, whether this average is valid for other populations has not been verified. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate if Chu's gauge value agrees with the dimension of anterior teeth in the South Indian population. The study involved 362 subjects whose anterior teeth dimension was assessed using Chu's gauge and a custom-made caliper. The proportion of the population whose dimension aligns with the average values on Chu's gauge was evaluated. The results showed that in the cohort, 39% had their central incisor dimension coinciding with the red band of Chu's esthetic scale, 10% had their lateral incisor coinciding with the blue band of Chu's esthetic scale, and 6.4% of the subjects had their canine dimension coinciding with the yellow band of Chu's esthetic scale.

Anomalous chin lesion: The many presentations of extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive, poorly differentiated round cell tumor in bone or soft tissues. This rare neoplasm is found primarily in the long bones of limbs and flat bone of pelvis with a predilection in the second decade in life. Primary ES of the maxillofacial region is exceptional and constitute 1% ± 4% of all cases. This case report is aimed at highlighting a very rare clinical presentation of extraosseous ES of the chin region-a first of its kind.

Tumor Infiltration Depth as a Prognostic Parameter for Nodal Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has locoregional evolution, with frequent neck involvement. Significant number of studies have been undertaken to assess the parameters for treatment of N0 neck patients with a high likelihood of harboring occult node metastases. Many studies have indicated tumor infiltration depth (or tumor thickness) as one of the most important criteria in determining the further management. Growing evidence in the literature shows that tumor infiltration depth is a reliable parameter for predicting regional node involvement and patient survival in OSCC. The substantial agreement among authors, despite the lack of comparable study groups, of measurement techniques, and cutoff values paradoxically enforced its reliability. Further studies are clearly awaited to reach a consensus on these topics to develop therapy protocols that are also based on this parameter. This article is an attempt to substantiate the use of tumor infiltration depth as a prognostic factor for nodal metastasis in OSCC.

Rising from Plagiarising.

Amongst the various forms of scientific misconduct, plagiarism has become increasingly prevalent in today's scientific process. Plagiarism is copying another author's ideas or words and portraying them as your own. Inclusion of another source's contents without giving credit to the source results in this unethical practice. Text derived directly from a source must always be put under quotation marks. Decreased awareness about plagiarism and what exactly constitutes it results in unintentional plagiarism. Plagiarism can be that of the ideas in which the author projects others' ideas as his own. It can also be that of the text also known as word to word plagiarism. Mosaic plagiarism is another form. Various guidelines formulated by esteemed scientific bodies such as World Association of Medical Editors, Committee on publication Ethics have provided an insight to authors, editors, publishers and peer reviewers into the practice of ethical writing. By understanding the true essence of plagiarism and following strict guidelines, it is certainly possible to avoid plagiarism. Various softwares are available to detect plagiarism. These softwares have a wide database which is scanned to reveal any kind of malpractice. If detected, it can have grave consequences causing not only retraction of the article but also loss of dignity. Failure to detect plagiarism reflects negatively on a journal. Originality is the true essence of any research or scientific paper. Any violation of this fact is an unforgivable offence. Thus, this review article attempts to cover the meaning, types, risks and ways to avoid plagiarism.