RESUMO
In this study, a new cleaning method for the gas-mixed water jet is proposed. The pulsation characteristics of the gas -liquid two-phase jet and the influences of parameters on the cleaning effect were analyzed by performing simulations and experiments. The results showed that the impact pressure fluctuated and was much higher than the inlet pressure. With a continuous increase in the standoff distance, the impact pressure first decreased slowly and then decreased significantly, while the diameter and depth of the crater first increased and then decreased. The optimal standoff distance for a desirable impact effect was 10 mm. With the increase in gas concentration, the impact pressure became higher for gas concentrations of less than 8%, while the impact pressure decreased for the gas concentration of more than 8%. A higher impact pressure along with a fiercer jet pulsation resulted when the flow rate became larger. Accordingly, the diameter and depth of impact crater became enlarged. The impact pressure first increased and then decreased with the increase of nozzle contraction angle. Moreover, the optimal value of such an angle was 140°. This study provides fundamental and practical guidance to further improve the application of gas-mixed water jet cleaning technology.
RESUMO
Patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma have a dismal prognosis. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CART cells) that targeted CD20 were effective in a phase I clinical trial for patients with advanced B-cell lymphomas. We performed a phase IIa trial to further assess the safety and efficacy of administering autologous anti-CD20 CART (CART-20) cells to patients with refractory or relapsed CD20+ B-cell lymphoma. Eleven patients were enrolled, and seven patients underwent cytoreductive chemotherapy to debulk the tumors and deplete the lymphocytes before receiving T-cell infusions. The overall objective response rate was 9 of 11 (81.8%), with 6 complete remissions (CRs) and 3 partial remissions; no severe toxicity was observed. The median progression-free survival lasted for >6 months, and 1 patient had a 27-month continuous CR. A significant inverse correlation between the levels of the CAR gene and disease recurrence or progression was observed. Clinically, the lesions in special sites, specifically the spleen and testicle, were refractory to CART-20 treatment. Collectively, these results together with our data from phase I strongly demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of CART-20 treatment in lymphomas and suggest large-scale patient recruitment in a future study. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.org as NCT01735604.