Isolation and characterization of resveratrol oligomers from the stem bark of Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. And their antidiabetic effect by modulation of digestive enzymes, protein glycation and glucose uptake in L6 myocytes.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Is used in traditional herbal formulations for diabetes complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of extracts and compounds from H. ponga. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Silica gel column chromatography was performed to identify various chemical components of the plant extract. Different extracts of H. ponga and isolated compounds were screened for their antidiabetic effect by modulation of digestive enzymes and protein glycation. The effect of glucose uptake by the compounds and the pathways through which the compounds mediate the glucose uptake potential were confirmed by fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Acetone and ethanol extracts of the stem bark of Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Afforded six resveratrol oligomers namely, E-resveratrol (1), (-)-ε-viniferin (2), (-)-α-viniferin (3), trihydroxyphenanthrene glucoside (THPG) (4), vaticaphenol A (5), (-)-hopeaphenol (6), along with four phytosterols. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. Compounds 1-5 and 7-10 were tested for their α-glucosidase, α-amylase and glycation inhibitiory activities. All the resveratrol oligomers (1-5) showed prominent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values, 12.56 ±â€¯1.00, 23.98 ±â€¯1.11, 7.17 ±â€¯1.10, 31.74 ±â€¯0.42 and 16.95 ±â€¯0.39 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies also supported the observed α-glucosidase inhibition. Compound 3 displayed IC50 values of 4.85 ±â€¯0.06 and 27.10 ±â€¯0.04 µM in α-amylase and glycation inhibitory assays activity. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that the compounds 3 and 4 were found to be less toxic at a concentration of 100 µM (<10%) and 25 µM (<20%), respectively. The effect of glucose uptake performed by 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) in L6 myoblast were measured by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The compounds 3 and 4 showed 2-NBDG uptake of 49.6% and 38.8% respectively. By examining the molecular pathway through which the compounds elicit their glucose uptake potential, it was observed that both the compounds mainly act via AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the isolation of compounds from H. ponga. Altogether, the results of this study reveal the antidiabetic effects of H. ponga extracts and isolated compounds promoting traditional use of this plant in the treatment of diabetes.

Molecular docking and QSAR analyses for understanding the antimalarial activity of some 7-substituted-4-aminoquinoline derivatives.

The quinoline moiety is one of the widely studied scaffolds for generating derivatives with various pharmacophoric groups due to its potential antimalarial activities. In the present study, a series of 7-substituted-4-aminoquinoline derivatives were selected to understand their antimalarial properties computationally by molecular modeling techniques including 2D QSAR, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) and molecular docking. The 2D-QSAR model built with four descriptors selected by genetic algorithm technique and CoMFA model showed satisfactory statistical results (Q(2)=0.540, R(2)ncv=0.881, F value=157.09). A reliable CoMSIA model out of the fourteen different combinations has a Q(2) value of 0.638. The molecular docking studies of the compounds for 1CET as the protein target revealed that ten compounds showed maximum interactions with the binding site of the protein. The present study highlights the unique binding signatures of the ligands within the active site groove of the target and it explains the subtle differences in their EC50 values and their mechanism of inhibition.

Adsorption of Co(II) by a carboxylate-functionalized polyacrylamide grafted lignocellulosics.

A new adsorbent (PGBS-COOH) having carboxylate functional group at the chain end was synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto banana stalk, BS (Musa Paradisiaca) using ferrous ammonium sulphate/H2O2 redox initiator system. The efficiency of the adsorbent in the removal of cobalt [Co(II)] from water was investigated using batch adsorption technique. The adsorbent exhibits very high adsorption potential for Co(II) and under optimum conditions more than 99% removal was achieved. The maximum adsorption capacity was observed at the pH range 6.5-9.0. The equilibrium isotherm data were analysed using three isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich and Scatchard, to determine the best fit equation for the sorption of Co(II) on the PGBS-COOH. A comparative study with a commercial cation exchanger, Ceralite IRC-50, having carboxylate functional group showed that PGBS-COOH is 2.8 times more effective compared to Ceralite IRC-50 at 30 degrees C. Synthetic nuclear power plant coolant water samples were also treated by the adsorbent to demonstrate its efficiency in removing Co(II) from water in the presence of other metal ions. Acid regeneration was tried for several cycles to recover the adsorbed metal ions and also to restore the sorbent to its original state.