Supernumerary nostril: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Supernumerary nostril is a congenital anomaly that contains additional nostril with or without accessory cartilage. These rare congenital nasal deformities result from embryological defects. Since 1906, Lindsay (Trans Pathol Soc Lond. 57:329-330, 1906) has published the first research of bilateral supernumerary nostrils, and only 34 cases have been reported so far in the English literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 1-year-old female baby was brought to our department group for the treatment of an accessory opening above the left nostril which had been presented since her birth. Medical history was non-specific and her birth was normal. The size of a supernumerary nostril was about 0.2 cm diameter and connected to the left nostril. The right one was normal. Minimal procedure was operated for the anomaly. After 1 year, rhinoplasty was performed for the nostril asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: At 1 year follow-up, the functional and cosmetic result was satisfactory. In this case, it is important that we have early preoperative diagnosis. Also, it is desirable that we should perform a corrective surgery as soon as possible for the patient's psychosocial growth.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of selenium in oral buccal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study were to investigate whether selenium treatment attenuates lipid peroxidation and downregulates the NF-κB pathway in small intestinal mucosa and to examine whether the effect of selenium is also observed in oral buccal mucosa, during small intestinal IR injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen rats were assigned into three groups: sham, IR, and IR + selenium. Saline or selenium was administered through a tail vein. 24 hours later, the superior mesenteric artery was exposed and clamped in the IR and IR + selenium groups. After ischemic and reperfusion period, animals were sacrificed and oral buccal mucosa and small intestinal mucosa were harvested. RESULTS: Glutathione peroxidase activity and cytoplasmic IκB-α expression was higher in the IR + selenium group than that in the IR group. A malondialdehyde level, cytoplasmic phosphorylated inhibitor κB-α, nuclear NF-κB p65 expressions, and NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity were lower in the IR + selenium group than those in the IR group. CONCLUSION: A selenium treatment may cause increased GPx activity, attenuated lipid peroxidation, and downregulated the NF-κB pathway during small intestinal IR injury. Furthermore, these therapeutic benefits of selenium can be observed in oral buccal mucosa as well as small intestinal mucosa.

A comparison study of different facial soft tissue analysis methods.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate several different facial soft tissue measurement methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After marking 15 landmarks in the facial area of 12 mannequin heads of different sizes and shapes, facial soft tissue measurements were performed by the following 5 methods: Direct anthropometry, Digitizer, 3D CT, 3D scanner, and DI3D system. With these measurement methods, 10 measurement values representing the facial width, height, and depth were determined twice with a one week interval by one examiner. These data were analyzed with the SPSS program. RESULTS: The position created based on multi-dimensional scaling showed that direct anthropometry, 3D CT, digitizer, 3D scanner demonstrated relatively similar values, while the DI3D system showed slightly different values. All 5 methods demonstrated good accuracy and had a high coefficient of reliability (>0.92) and a low technical error (<0.9 mm). The measured value of the distance between the right and left medial canthus obtained by using the DI3D system was statistically significantly different from that obtained by using the digital caliper, digitizer and laser scanner (p < 0.05), but the other measured values were not significantly different. On evaluating the reproducibility of measurement methods, two measurement values (Ls-Li, G-Pg) obtained by using direct anthropometry, one measurement value (N'-Prn) obtained by using the digitizer, and four measurement values (EnRt-EnLt, AlaRt-AlaLt, ChRt-ChLt, Sn-Pg) obtained by using the DI3D system, were statistically significantly different. However, the mean measurement error in every measurement method was low (<0.7 mm). All measurement values obtained by using the 3D CT and 3D scanner did not show any statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that all 3D facial soft tissue analysis methods demonstrate favorable accuracy and reproducibility, and hence they can be used in clinical practice and research studies.

Activation of NF-κB pathway in oral buccal mucosa during small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury induces intestinal mucosal barrier disruption, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiorgan failure, and death. The major pathway for the systemic inflammatory responses depends on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). However, direct measuring of NF-κB in injured tissues is not routinely available. Our aim was to determine whether NF-кB pathway in buccal mucosa is activated during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for the animal experiment. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was exposed and clamped for 30 min in the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group. SMA was exposed only in control group. Serum, buccal mucosa, and small intestinal mucosa were harvested in 90 min after reperfusion in IR or 120 min after SMA exposure in control group. Serum cytokine levels and tissue NF-κB pathway activities were measured. RESULTS: Serum TNF-α (5.49 ± 2.72 versus 1.77 ± 1.20 pg/mL, P = 0.002) and interleukin-6 (232.32 ± 29.98 versus 115.92 ± 17.81 pg/mL, P = 0.002) levels were significantly higher in IR than control group. Intestinal mucosal cytoplasmic phosphorylated inhibitor kappa B (IκB)/IκB ratio, nuclear NF-κB expression, and NF-κB DNA-binding activity were significantly higher in IR than control group. Buccal mucosal cytoplasmic phosphorylated IκB/IκB ratio, nuclear NF-κB expression, and NF-κB DNA-binding activity were also higher in IR than control group. CONCLUSION: Buccal mucosal NF-κB pathway was activated by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study suggests that buccal mucosal may be considered as an indicator for the assessment of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Preliminary study of Korean orthodontic residents' current concepts and knowledge of cleft lip and palate management.

OBJECTIVE: A national survey was conducted to assess orthodontic residents' current concepts and knowledge of cleft lip and palate (CLP) management in Korea. METHODS: A questionnaire consisting of 7 categories and 36 question items was distributed to 16 senior chief residents of orthodontic department at 11 dental university hospitals and 5 medical university hospitals in Korea. All respondents completed the questionnaires and returned them. RESULTS: All of the respondents reported that they belonged to an interdisciplinary team. Nineteen percent indicated that they use presurgical infant orthopedic (PSIO) appliances. The percentage of respondents who reported they were 'unsure' about the methods about for cleft repair operation method was relatively high. Eighty-six percent reported that the orthodontic treatment was started at the deciduous or mixed dentition. Various answers were given regarding the amount of maxillary expansion for alveolar bone graft and the estimates of spontaneous or forced eruption of the upper canine. Sixty-seven percent reported use of a rapid maxillary expansion appliance as an anchorage device for maxillary protraction with a facemask. There was consensus among respondents regarding daily wearing time, duration of treatment, and amount of orthopedic force. Various estimates were given for the relapse percentage after maxillary advancement distraction osteogenesis (MADO). Most respondents did not have sufficient experience with MADO. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that education about the concepts and methods of PSIO and surgical repair, consensus regarding orthodontic management protocols, and additional MADO experience are needed in order to improve the quality of CLP management in Korean orthodontic residents.

Sulforaphane inhibits oral carcinoma cell migration and invasion in vitro.

Sulforaphane is a predominant isothiocyanate in Brassica oleracea, a family of cruciferous vegetables, and is known to be inversely related to the risk of various types of human carcinomas. Studies using oral carcinoma cell lines are scarce, however, and the role of sulforaphane on oral carcinoma cell metastasis is yet to be determined. In this study, the growth inhibition of oral carcinoma cell lines by sulforaphane was determined using aqueous soluble tetrazolium salts, and the growth of various oral cancer cell lines was attenuated. The migration and invasion activities of the cells also decreased, as observed in monolayer scratch assays and transwell invasion experiments. The molecular change behind the impairment of the migration and invasion was investigated via secreted metalloprotease level detection using Multiplex protein analysis kits. At the molecular level, the secreted forms of MMP-1 and MMP-2 were down-regulated. The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-2 did not change when a conventional tumoricidal agent paclitaxel was used. These findings indicate that sulforaphane may have therapeutic potential as an inhibitor of metastasis in oral carcinoma patients.