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1.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(11)2024 Jun 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38894439

RESUMO

Sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks demand a more efficient implementation of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes for severe multipath fading environments to serve multiple users. Using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes in IoT 6G networks is a promising solution to allow multiple users to share the same spectral and temporal resource, increasing spectral efficiency and improving the network's capacity. In this work, we have evaluated the performance of a novel progressive pattern interleaver (PPI) employed to distinguish the users in interleaved division multiple access (IDMA) schemes, suggested by 3GPP guidelines as a NOMA scheme, with two multi-carrier modulation schemes known as single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), resulting in SC-FDMA-IDMA and OFDM-IDMA schemes. Both schemes are multi-carrier schemes with orthogonal sub-carriers to deal against inter-symbol interference (ISI) and orthogonal interleavers for the simultaneous access of multiple users. It has been suggested through simulation outcomes that PPI performance is adequate with SC-FDMA-IDMA and OFDM-IDMA schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER) under multipath channel conditions. Moreover, regarding bandwidth requirement and the implementation complexity of the transmitted interleaver structure, PPI is superior to the conventional random interleaver (RI).

2.
World J Gastrointest Endosc ; 16(5): 250-258, 2024 May 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38813575

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Most endoscopic anti-reflux interventions for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) management are technically challenging to practice with inadequate data to support it utility. Therefore, this study was carried to evaluate the effectiveness and safety newer endoscopic full-thickness fundoplication (EFTP) device along with Argon Plasma Coagulation to treat individuals with GERD. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety newer EFTP device along with Argon Plasma Coagulation to treat individuals with GERD. METHODS: This study was a single-center comparative analysis conducted on patients treated at a Noble Institute of Gastroenterology, Ahmedabad, hospital between 2020 and 2022. The research aimed to retrospectively analyze patient data on GERD symptoms and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dependence who underwent EFTP using the GERD-X system along with argon plasma coagulation (APC). The primary endpoint was the mean change in the total gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) score compared to the baseline measurement at the 3-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints encompassed enhancements in the overall GERD-HRQL score, improvements in GERD symptom scores at the 3 and changes in PPI usage at the 3 and 12-month time points. RESULTS: In this study, patients most were in Hill Class II, and over half had ineffective esophageal motility. Following the EFTP procedure, there were significant improvements in heartburn and regurgitation scores, as well as GERD-HRQL scores (P < 0.001). PPI use significantly decreased, with 82.6% not needing PPIs or prokinetics at end of 1 year. No significant adverse events related to the procedures were observed in either group. CONCLUSION: The EFTP along with APC procedure shows promise in addressing GERD symptoms and improving patients' quality of life, particularly for suitable candidates. Moreover, the application of a lone clip with APC yielded superior outcomes and exhibited greater cost-effectiveness.

3.
Nucl Med Commun ; 45(7): 601-611, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38686492

RESUMO

AIM: To evaluate relationship between metabolic PET metabolic parameters and size of the primary tumor, various histopathological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Fuhrman grade of the tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 93 biopsy-proven RCC patients who underwent pretreatment flourine 18 flourodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography ( 18 F FDG PET/CT) was performed. Quantitative PET parameters, size of the primary tumor, histopathological subtypes and Fuhrman grades of the tumor were extracted. We tried to assess if there was any significant difference in the metabolic patterns of various histopathological subtypes of RCCs, Fuhrman grade of the tumors and size of the primary tumor. RESULTS: A significant correlation was noted between the size of primary tumor and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) ( P  < 0.01, P  < 0.001 and P  < 0.001, respectively). SUV max values correlated significantly with the histopathological subtype ( P  < 0.001). Further sub-analyses was also done by segregating the patients into Low grade (Fuhrman grade 1 and 2) vs. High grade (Fuhrman grade 3 and 4). SUV max , MTV and TLG were significantly different between high grade vs. low grade tumors. ROC analysis yielded cut off values for SUV max , MTV and TLG to differentiate between high grade from low grade tumors. CONCLUSION: FDG PET/CT with the use of metabolic PET parameters can differentiate between different histopathological subtypes of RCC. Incorporation of metabolic parameters into clinical practice can potentially noninvasively identify patients with low-grade vs. high-grade RCC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Neoplasias Renais , Gradação de Tumores , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Renais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Carga Tumoral
4.
Clin Breast Cancer ; 24(3): e116-e125, 2024 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38105131

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Low middle-income countries (LMICs), including India, have paucity of external beam radiotherapy (RT) machines leading to prolonged wait times for RT. Delay in delivery of RT has been shown to adversely affect outcomes in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). With the availability of results of multiple randomized controlled trials, hypofractionated RT delivered over 3 to 4 weeks became the standard of care in breast cancer RT. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective audit of 172 LABC patients treated with ultrahypofractionated adjuvant RT (radiotherapy completed in 1 week) during the COVID pandemic. Log rank and Cox-regression model used for univariate and multi-variate analyses. RESULTS: No patient developed grade 3 esophagitis. Grade 2 esophagitis requiring short term narcotic analgesics was seen in 12 (6.9%) patients. Grade 2 or higher toxicity peaked between 2 and 3 weeks after RT. The estimated 2 and 3- year recurrence free survival (RFS) for the cohort is 87.1 % and 81.4 %, respectively. The estimated 2 and 3-year overall survival for the cohort is 95% and 91.3%. On multivariate analysis, presence of extra-nodal extension was found to be an independent factor associated with worse RFS (P = .028). CONCLUSIONS: FAST FORWARD protocol RT in LABC appears well tolerated.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , COVID-19 , Esofagite , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Radioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos
5.
Clin Nucl Med ; 48(12): e572-e573, 2023 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37796175

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Recently developed radiolabeled FAPI (fibroblast-activation protein inhibitors) have attracted researcher's attention in diagnosing various tumors because of its high specificity and better tumor-to-background ratio. Increasing use of 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT has resulted in reporting of incidental benign findings as well. We hereby present a case of suspected carcinoma stomach showing increased uptake in primary tumor in stomach as well as incidental uptake in benign subchondral cysts in bilateral shoulder joints and right hip joint on 68 Ga-FAPI PET CT scan.


Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas , Carcinoma , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Radioisótopos de Gálio , Fluordesoxiglucose F18
7.
Int J Inf Technol ; : 1-7, 2023 Jun 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37360318

RESUMO

The present communication introduces a new discriminant measure coined as R-norm q-rung picture fuzzy discriminant information measure which is more generalized in nature and has the capability to handle more flexibility inherited in the inexact information. The notion of q-rung picture fuzzy set (q-RPFS) has an integrated advantage of picture fuzzy set and q-rung orthopair fuzzy set with flexibility of qth level relations. The proposed parametric measure is then applied in the conventional "technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method" for solving a green supplier selection problem. The numerical illustration to exhibit the proposed methodology for the green supplier selection problem has been presented in an empirical form to establish the consistency of the model. Also, the advantageous features of the proposed scheme in the setup of impreciseness have been discussed.

9.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 81(2): 224-231, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36403660

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Tooth extraction leads to bleeding which may be longer in patients on antithrombotics. This study was aimed to evaluate the hemostatic and wound healing efficacy of chitosan-based dressing in comparison to the cotton pressure pack after tooth extraction in patients receiving single or dual antithrombotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized split mouth study. Patients undergoing tooth extractions taking either single or dual antithrombotics, with an international normalized ratio (INR) value ≤ 3 were enrolled at JSS Dental College & Hospital, Mysuru, India during February 2020 to January 2022. The study compared the efficiency of chitosan dressing in achieving quicker hemostasis in comparison to cotton pressure pack. The primary outcome was time to achieve hemostasis and the secondary outcomes were alveolar clinical healing index and alveolar osteitis. The covariates were gender, age, reason for extraction, INR, type of antithrombotic therapy, and the disease condition. RESULTS: Of the 54 enrolled subjects, 39 were males and 15 were females, aged between 33 and 86 years. Thirty six patients were on single antithrombotics, whereas 18 patients were on dual antithrombotics. The reason for extraction was periodontitis in 37 patients and dental caries in 17 patients. The time to achieve hemostasis was lesser with chitosan dental dressing when compared to cotton pressure packs (96 ± 4 and 797 ± 23 seconds; P < .001). In the chitosan group, the time to hemostasis was similar irrespective of single or dual antithrombotic therapy (90 ± 6 and 109 ± 8 seconds, respectively). On the contrary, in the cotton pressure pack group, patients on dual antithrombotics had longer time to achieve hemostasis compared to those on single antithrombotics (940 ± 20 and 726 ± 26 seconds; P < .001). The time to achieve hemostasis was dependent on INR only in cotton pressure pack group (r2 = 0.7756). The alveolar clinical healing index was better in 88.9% with chitosan and only 3.7% with cotton pressure packs. None of the patients treated with chitosan presented with alveolar osteitis, as opposed to 3.7% of patients with cotton pressure packs. CONCLUSION: When compared to cotton pressure packs, chitosan-based dressing was more effective in controlling postoperative bleeding in patients treated with single and dual antithrombotic therapy.


Assuntos
Quitosana , Cárie Dentária , Alvéolo Seco , Hemostáticos , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Quitosana/uso terapêutico , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Alvéolo Seco/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Hemostáticos/uso terapêutico , Bandagens , Hemostasia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória
10.
Bioresour Technol ; 369: 128399, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36503834

RESUMO

Activated carbon derived from peat-based biomass was sulfurized and magnetized forming magnetically-engineered sulfurized peat-based activated carbon (MEPBAC) and used for adsorption of caffeine (CFN) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous media. Modification increased the surface area (724 m2/g) and introduced sulphur-groups and Fe-based nano-structures in MEPBAC. Sulphur-groups enhanced adsorption efficiency, whereas Fe-based nano-structures facilitated easy magnetic separation of MEPBAC after intended use leading to high reusability with consistent removal efficiency (∼95 %). Response surface methodology was employed for design of experiments and process optimization. The results revealed that the maximum removal (SMX 94 %; CFN 97 %) could be achieved at an adsorbent dose of 1.4 and 1.6 g/L, respectively (pH 11, 311 K). Adsorption kinetics was best explained by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption data of SMX was fitted better to Langmuir (linear) and Freundlich (non-linear) isotherms, whereas that of CFN was fitted well with Freundlich (linear) and Langmuir (non-linear) isotherms (R2 ≥ 0.99).


Assuntos
Carvão Vegetal , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Termodinâmica , Carvão Vegetal/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Sulfametoxazol , Adsorção , Cinética , Preparações Farmacêuticas
11.
Clin Nucl Med ; 47(11): e715-e717, 2022 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35961371

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogeneous group of tumors arising from enterochromaffin cells. Neuroendocrine tumors are most commonly found in bowel and pancreatic tissue. Because of paucity of enterochromaffin cells in biliary tract, NETs of bile duct are very rare. Most of the neoplasms in the extrahepatic bile duct are adenocarcinomas; only 0.2% to 0.3% of NETs arise from the bile duct. Cases reported in the literature of biliary carcinoid are diagnosed postoperatively on histopathologic evaluation. We hereby demonstrate a rare presentation of CBD NET identified preoperatively on somatostatin receptor but not on glucose transporter imaging, confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to be grade 2 NET (Ki-67, 20%).


Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares , Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/patologia , Ducto Colédoco/patologia , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67 , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/patologia , Receptores de Somatostatina
12.
Indian J Gastroenterol ; 40(5): 477-482, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34569013

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The data on prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) in ulcerative colitis (UC) are  scanty and highly variable. METHODS: Consecutive patients with UC were prospectively evaluated from November 2016 to August 2017. A detailed history was obtained and physical examination was done. Presence of EIM was confirmed by a consultant rheumatologist, ophthalmologist and dermatologist. Tests performed were hemogram, liver function test, abdominal ultrasound, slit lamp examination, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging when deemed necessary. RESULTS: A total of 227 patients with UC were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of EIM was 7.92%. Mucocutaneous (4.84%) manifestations were the commonest, followed by musculoskeletal (1.32%) and ocular (0.88%). Hepatobiliary (0.44%) and vascular (0.44) manifestations were present in equal frequency. History of appendicectomy was associated with  EIM. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of EIM in UC was low in our study. History of appendicectomy was a risk factor for EIM.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Doença de Crohn , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Apendicectomia , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Colite Ulcerativa/epidemiologia , Doença de Crohn/epidemiologia , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
13.
J Hazard Mater ; 408: 124877, 2021 04 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33383454

RESUMO

In India, sewage (partially-treated/ untreated) is randomly used for irrigation because of easy availability and presence of residual organics and nutrients. However, data on the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in sewage is scarce in Indian perspective. Herein, for the first time, we present a quantitative contamination profiling of selected PPCPs and antibiotic resistance in untreated and biologically-treated sewage from three different sewage treatment plants, located in northern and central part of India. Profiling of PPCPs were done using LC-ESI-MS/MS whereas antibiotic resistance was analyzed using gradient PCR and qPCR techniques. PPCPs were detected both in untreated and treated samples (0.4 - 1340 µg/L). A reduction in ARB and ARG load (2-3 log) and an increase in ARG copy number with respect to beta lactams and tetracycline were observed in treated sewage. Triclosan, estrone and 17α-ethynylestradiol, ubiquitous in all samples, could be used as markers for performance monitoring of sewage treatment facilities. The results obtained in this study help evaluate health and ecological risks associated with the presence of CECs in treated sewage used for irrigation and frame future policies.


Assuntos
Esgotos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Índia
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