Population structure of the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) based on geometric morphometrics / Estructura de la población del camarón langostino del atlántico Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) basada en morfometría geométrica

SUMMARY: In 2004, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, one of major species in commercial fisheries in Brazil was included in the list of brazilian overfished species and, in 2006, two cryptic species were identified in the Atlantic Ocean by molecular approaches: Xiphopenaeus sp. I and II. In 2019, Carvalho-Batista et al. described both Xiphopenaeus sp. I and Xiphopenaeus sp. II and these species were named X. kroyeri and X. dincao, respectively. This study aimed at performing morphometric analysis in order to identify potential fishing stocks of X. kroyeri sensu strictum along Brazilian coast. The results obtained separate Caravelas, Atafona and Balneário Camboriú from all the other populations studied and showed three groups: Ubatuba, Nova Almeida; Ubatuba, Cananéia; Ubatuba, Santos. These results indicate that the maritime limits practiced in closed seasons along Brazil are embracing the detected morphometric stock boundaries observed for Xiphopenaeus kroyeris.s.

RESUMEN: En 2004, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, una de las principales especies de la pesca comercial en Brasil, fue incluida en la lista de especies brasileñas sobre explotadas y, en 2006, se identificaron dos especies crípticas en el Océano Atlántico mediante enfoques moleculares: Xiphopenaeus sp. I y II. En 2019, Carvalho-Batista et al. describieron tanto Xiphopenaeus sp. I y Xiphopenaeus sp. II y a estas especies denominaron X. kroyeri y X. dincao, respectivamente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis morfométrico con el fin de identificar posibles poblaciones de pesca de X. kroyeri sensu strictum a lo largo de la costa brasileña. Los resultados obtenidos en Caravelas, Atafona y Balneário Camboriú se separaron de todas las demás poblaciones estudiadas y mostraron tres grupos: Ubatuba, Nova Almeida; Ubatuba, Cananéia; Ubatuba, Santos. Estos resultados indican que los límites marítimos practicados en temporadas de veda a lo largo de Brasil están abarcando los límites de stock morfométricos observados para Xiphopenaeus kroyeris.s.

Adiponectin is related to intramyocellular lipid content in non-diabetic adults.

OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and low serum adiponectin (ADP) levels and ADP is also involved in muscle fat oxidation. However, the relationship between ADP and IMCL content is still controversial and in this study we explored it further in non-diabetic adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. SUBJECTS: Thirty-three adult subjects, 24 obese non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and 9 lean healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMRS) was performed to quantify IMCL content. The latter plus serum ADP, anthropometrics and biochemical parameters were evaluated and compared in these 2 groups. RESULTS: MS patients had higher body mass index, waist, waist-to- hip ratio, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol (HDLc) compared to controls. Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) [3.25 (2.58-4.13) vs 1.02 (0.73- 1.29); p<0.0001] and IMCL content [266.1 (189.9-296.3) vs 72.85 (55.3-109.4) AU, p<0.0001] were higher, and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [0.32 (0.31-0.33) vs 0.38 (0.37-0.40); p<0.0001] and ADP [8.6 (4.05-15.95) vs 21.1 (12.9- 24.4) microg/ml; p=0.02] were lower in MS subjects compared to controls. IMCL content was directly associated to glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR and inversely to HDLc, QUICKI and, more importantly, to ADP (r=-0.41; p<0.05). Only in the MS group, ADP partially influenced IMCL content. CONCLUSION: ADP is inversely related to IMCL content in non-diabetic adults. This finding has possible implications for the role of ADP in muscle fat oxidation, IR, and MS.

Microvascular dysfunction: a direct link among BMI, waist circumference and glucose homeostasis in young overweight/obese normoglycemic women?

OBJECTIVE: Capillary recruitment is impaired in obesity (OB), possibly worsening glucose and insulin availability to target organs. In this study, we investigated whether functional microvascular parameters were correlated with clinical-anthropometrical data and whether these parameters would influence OB-related metabolic disorders, especially glucose homeostasis, in young overweight (OW)/obese women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study of microvascular reactivity in young OW/obese women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 10 lean (23.1 + or - 3.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 22.3 + or - 1.6 kg m(-2)) and 42 OW/obese (24.9 + or - 3.5 years; BMI 34.5 + or - 5.7 (25.7-46.5) kg m(-2)) sedentary non-smoking women were evaluated. Lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose (PG), post-load PG (75 g-2 h), insulin, C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) index and anthropometric variables (weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure (BP)) were determined. Functional microvascular parameters (functional capillary density, red blood cell velocity at baseline and peak (RBCV(max)), and time taken to reach RBCV(max) (TRBCV(max)) during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia after 1 min arterial occlusion) were evaluated by nailfold videocapillaroscopy. RESULTS: The time taken to reach RBCV(max) was significantly longer in OW/obese patients compared with control subjects (8.6 + or - 2.4 versus 5.7 + or - 1.1 s, P<0.001), and its delay was directly associated with adiposity levels, systolic BP and insulin resistance, and inversely related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Post-load PG could be correlated with TRBCV(max) (R = 0.48, P<0.05) and RBCV(max) (R = -0.29, P<0.05), and it was influenced by weight, waist circumference and TRBCV(max) (adjusted R(2) = 24%) as well. CONCLUSIONS: In the investigated group of young OW/obese women, the direct correlation between post-load PG and TRBCV(max) links microvascular parameters with metabolic variables and suggests a key role for microcirculation in OB-related metabolic disorders.

Changes on venous diameter and leg perimeter with different clinical treatments for moderate chronic venous disease: evaluation using Duplex scanning and perimeter measurements.

AIM: To evaluate changes on venous diameter and perimeter of lower limbs in chronic venous disorder (CVD) patients after different clinical treatments for four weeks. METHODS: Fifty-two female patients classified as C2,s or C2,3,s (CEAP classification) were allocated consecutively in three groups: Cirkan (40 mg of the root extract of Ruscus aculeatus + 100 mg of flavonoid hesperidine methylchalcone + 200 mg of vitamin C per pill); elastic compression stockings (ECS) and no treatment (NT). Diameters were determined by duplex ultrasound and perimeter with Leg-O-Meter. RESULTS: After treatment, Cirkan significantly decreased popliteal vein and great saphenous vein (GSV) diameters bilaterally and ECS decreased popliteal vein diameter bilaterally and GSV and varices only on the left limb. Perimeters changed only with ECS. Clinical scores changed between Cirkan x NT and ECS x Cirkan. Disability score varied for ECS x NT and Cirkan x NT. chi2 test detected different distribution frequency for C3 and C2 classes according to treatment: ECS (both limbs) and Cirkan (only left limb). Varices and anatomical scores did not change. CONCLUSIONS: ECS emerges as the most effective clinical treatment tested but improvements with Cirkan on vein diameter and CEAP class were also observed. Clinical scores improved due to pain relief and edema reduction (ECS). These findings point to a positive effect of Cirkan, suggesting that venotonic drugs should be taken into account in the treatment of CVD.

Daytime sleep patterns of primary depressives: a morning nap study.

The electroencephalographic sleep patterns of 10 primary depressives were recorded during baseline nights and two morning nap sessions using a fixed time schedule. Averaged sleep measures for baseline nights replicated previous findings of altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep patterns and sleep continuity. REM sleep during morning naps occurred only in patients with elevated REM indexes on baseline and prenap nights; it failed to appear in morning sleep of patients who exhibited contrasting REM characteristics. An analysis of hourly REM sleep distribution and averaged deviations from group means revealed significant differences between the two groups which could account for the uneven daytime REM propensity.