Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites.

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has enabled mass changes and transports in the hydrosphere, cryosphere and oceans to be quantified with unprecedented resolution. However, while this legacy is currently being continued with the GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission there is a gap of 11 months between the end of GRACE and the start of GRACE-FO which must be addressed. Here we bridge the gap by combining time-variable, low-resolution gravity models derived from European Space Agency's Swarm satellites with the dominating spatial modes of mass variability obtained from GRACE. We show that the noise inherent in unconstrained Swarm gravity solutions is greatly reduced, that basin averages can have root mean square errors reduced to the order of [Formula: see text] of equivalent water height, and that useful information can be retrieved for basins as small as [Formula: see text]. It is found that Swarm data contains sufficient information to inform the leading three global mass modes found in GRACE at the least. By comparing monthly reconstructed maps to GRACE data from December 2013 to June 2017, we suggest the uncertainty of these maps to be [Formula: see text] of equivalent water height.

What happens after randomised controlled trials? Uterine fibroids and ulipristal acetate: systematic review and meta-analysis of "real-world" data.

PURPOSE: "Real-world" data incorporates studies performed outside of controlled environments, allowing for a better understanding of the effects of treatment in routine clinical practice. We, therefore, performed a systematic review to summarise available "real-world studies" reporting on the use of ulipristal acetate (UPA) for management of uterine fibroids. METHODS: We designed a prospective protocol according to PRISMA guidelines and registered it with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019151393). We searched all major databases for relevant citations until 20th September 2019. Our screen included studies for risk of bias using an adapted structured quality assessment tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate proportion estimates for each outcome including 95% confidence interval. Reported heterogeneity was assessed using I2. RESULTS: Initial search yielded 755 studies and 13 were included in the final synthesis. Administration of UPA resulted in reduction in the size of fibroids in 56.5% of women, improved menorrhagia in 83% of women, improved perception of pain in 80.1% of women and lead to an improvement in global symptom scores in 85.2% of women. Mean reduction in surgical blood loss and surgical time with use of UPA was 59.85 ml and 12.47 min, respectively. Qualitative analysis suggested that there was no difference in overall surgical experience for patients treated with UPA compared to those without pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with previously reported data that UPA is an acceptable management option for women with fibroids. However, it provides limited benefits when used as a pre-operative adjunct, in terms of blood loss and surgical time.